Unit 4 Earthquakes

Unit 4 Earthquakes 一 本节词汇一 本节词汇 1 earthquake kweik 名词名词 n C 地震地震 The town was destroyed by the earthquake 整座城镇被地震毁灭了 This morning we had a slight earthquake 今天早上发生轻微的地震 quake kweik n 地震地震 vi 颤抖颤抖 哆嗦哆嗦 at with for Then later that afternoon another big quake which was as strong as the first one shook Tangshan 接着 在下午的晚些时候 又一次和第一次几乎同样强烈的地 震震撼了唐山 The ground suddenly began to quake under our feet 我们脚下的地面突然开始摇晃 I stood there quaking with fear 我站在那儿 吓得直打哆嗦 The little match girl was quaking with cold 由于寒冷而颤抖 2 right away 立刻 马上立刻 马上 After school he went home right away Give it to me right away He didn t answer my question right away 他没有马上回答我的问题 right off 立刻 马上立刻 马上 right now 现在 立刻 马上现在 立刻 马上 at once 立刻 马上立刻 马上 immediately adv 立刻 立即立刻 立即 conj 一一 就就 The people in the disaster area need immediate help I see Tents will be sent there A now and then B sooner or later C just now D right away 二 重点句型及惯用法 句子熟读及背诵二 重点句型及惯用法 句子熟读及背诵 1 Many people believe that It is always calm before a storm 许多人认为 许多人认为 暴风雨之前总是平静的 暴风雨之前总是平静的 2 Have a class discussion 进行课堂讨论 进行课堂讨论 3 Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away 想象你的房 子开始摇晃 你必须马上离开 imagine vt form a picture of in the mind think of sth as probable 想象 认为 某事 可能发生或存在 宾语为名词 代词 动名词 从句 宾语从句为否 定意义时 要用否定转移 与 think believe suppose expect 用法相同 成为 I We don t imagine 意为 我 们 认为 不 如 We can imagine her sadness 我们可以想象她的悲伤 I didn t imagine my becoming a teacher in my childhood 在童年时代 我并未想象能成为一名教师 Can you imagine how much I was surprised to hear the news 你能想象我听见这个消息有多惊讶吗 I don t imagine so I imagine not 我认为不是这样 区别 区别 imagine guess suppose imagine 意为 想象 幻想 指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象 或认为某事 物可能发生或存在 guess form an opinion give an answer make a statement based on supposition not on careful thought calculation or definite knowledge 猜测 臆测 指未知道 前的猜测 suppose let it be though that take it as a fact that 认定 假定 guess think 想象 推测 意指 假定或假设中的情形 4 shake eik 及物动词及物动词 vt 摇摇 摇动摇动 震动震动 抖动抖动 His heavy steps shook the room 他沉重的脚步使房间都为之震动 Shake the bottle before taking the medicine 服药之前把瓶子摇一摇 握 手 He came forward and shook me by the hand 他走上前来和我握手 动摇 减弱 This shook Arthur s religious faith 这动摇了阿瑟的宗教信仰 不及物动词不及物动词 vi 摇动 震动 发抖 He was shaking with anger 他气得浑身发抖 名词名词 n 摇动 震动 握手 S1 It is customary to welcome a visitor with a shake 习惯上大家都以握手迎接客人 口 一刹那 C He finished the bottle of wine in a shake 他片刻功夫就把一瓶酒喝完了 美 口 待遇 S I got a much better shake than she did 我受到比她好得多的待遇 区别 区别 shake tremble shake move be moved quickly or violently up and down forwards and backwards 最普通用词 可指人或物 摇动 发抖 指人时常用于感情激动 寒冷 惧怕 引起的身体颤动 在表示 因 而颤抖 时 多用 with 在表示 使受震撼 使 信念等 动摇 常用于 be shaken by with at 中 tremble shake involuntarily with fear anger cold physical weakness etc 颤栗 震颤 发抖 因恐惧 愤怒 寒冷 体弱等 常常与 shake 相互替换 但指握手 摇头 或捧腹大笑时用 shake tremble 只用作不及物动词 如 The poor boy was shaking with cold 这个孩子正冻的发抖 They were badly shaken by the news 他们 对这个消息大为震惊 The host shook hands with all the guests 主人跟所有的客人 握手 Her voice was trembling with anger 她气的声音发抖 Checking Corner I 翻译下列短语或句子 1 It is always calm before a storm 2 have a class discussion II 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1 When you get home 就立即开始写作业 2 You ll never guess 出了什么事 Key I 1 暴风雨前往往很平静暴风雨前往往很平静2 开展课堂讨论开展课堂讨论 II 1 start your homework right away 2 what s happened 第二课时 pre reading reading and comprehending 一 本节词汇 1 well wel n 井 井 水井 油井 气井 来源 源泉 An encyclopedia is a well of knowledge 百科全书是知识的源泉 副词 ad 很好地 满意地 成功地 Do the boys eat well at school 孩子们在学校吃得好吗 充分地 彻底地 Think well before you act 请三思而后行 相当地 颇 很 Her son is well past forty 她儿子已四十好几岁了 有理由地 理所当然地 We couldn t very well refuse her request 我们没什么理由拒绝她的请求 规矩地 有风度地 得体地 The young man carried himself well at the party 那小伙子在聚会上举止得体 感叹词 int 表示惊异 怀疑 哟 啊 哎呀 Well I didn t think to see you here 哎呀 没想到会在这儿见到你 表示同意 让步等 嗯 好吧 Well perhaps that s true 嗯 也许那是真的 表示规劝 责备等 嗳 好啦 Well you shouldn t get angry about such a trifle 嗳 你不应该为这么一点小事生气 形容词 a 健康的 健全的 安好的 I m not well my head aches 我不舒服 头痛 好的 令人满意的 F I knew that all was well with her 我知道她一切顺心如意 不及物动词 vi 涌出 涌上 Water wells from a spring beneath the rock 水从岩石下的泉内涌出 2 crack kr k n 裂缝 噼啪声 vt 破裂 及物动词 vt 使爆裂 使破裂 The heat cracked my lips 我热得嘴唇开裂 砸开 砰地一声打开 强行进入 He carefully cracked a nut and then gave it to me 他仔细敲开一只坚果 然后递给 了我 猛击 He wanted to crack the rowdy over the head but refrained 他想猛击小流氓的 头 可还是忍住了 口 说 笑话等 They sat by the fire cracking jokes 他们坐在火堆旁讲笑话 破解 密码 解开 难题等 The police cracked the case in one week 该案警察在一周内就侦破了 She cracked the code 她破译了电码 不及物动词 vi 发出爆裂声 裂开 爆裂 断裂 The glass cracked when I poured icy water into it 当我把冰水倒进杯子时 杯子裂 开了 嗓音 变粗 变哑 Her voice cracked with grief 她悲伤得语不成声 名词 n C 裂缝 裂痕 There are many cracks in the old wall 旧墙上有许多裂缝 爆裂声 We heard a crack of thunder 我们听见一声霹雳 口 尝试 S1 at This is my first crack at cooking 这是我第一次尝试做饭菜 俏皮话 about He s always making cracks about my big feet 他老是取笑我的一双大脚 3 smelly smeli adj 发臭的 有臭味的 4 farmyard f mj d n 农场 农家 农家场院 C 5 pipe paip n 管 导管 输送管 C They are laying pipes under the road 他们正在铺设路下面的管子 烟斗 C His father is a pipe smoker 他父亲是抽烟斗的 管乐器 笛 C He is playing a tune on his pipe 他在用笛子吹奏一支曲子 及物动词 vt 用管道输送 H into to Water was piped into the village two years ago 两年前水由管子通到了村里 Gas is piped into all the houses 瓦斯由管道输送到各家各户 用尖声 说话 唱歌 尖声鸣叫 The woman piped her disapproval 那妇人尖声嚷叫不赞成 用管乐器吹奏 I ll pipe your favorite song 我来吹奏那支你喜欢听的歌 为 铺设管道 Our neighborhood will be piped for gas 我们这个地区将要铺设煤气 管 不及物动词 vi 吹奏管乐 尖声叫嚷 尖声鸣叫 Wind was piping in the woods 风在林中呼啸 6 burst b st vi burst burst 爆裂 爆发 n 突然破裂 爆发 寓词于境 阅读下列句子 注意 burst 的词性和用法 1 Hearing the funny story the kids burst out laughing 2 When told that his son was lost in the forest the old lady burst into tears 3 The storm burst and we all got wet 4 There was a burst of firing from the guns 5 His every sentence was followed by a burst of applause from the audience 自我归纳 burst 作动词 句 1 句 2 和句 3 意为 爆裂 爆发 是不规则动 词 其原形 过去式及过去分词形式一样 burst out laughing burst into laughter burst out crying burst into tears 即 burst out 动词 ing 形式 burst into 名词 burst 作名词 句 4 句 5 意为 突然破裂 爆发 仿真高考 从 A B C D 四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 1 The audience laughing when the speaker made a face A burst into B burst out C burst with D burst upon 2 The second floor burst flames and the fire soon spread to the whole building A in B intoC outD of Key 1 B2 B 区别 burst into burst out send out suddenly break out into suddenly begin to burst into doing She burst into tears She burst out crying 她突然哭起来了 burst out n All of them burst into laughter All of them burst out laughing 他们 全都大笑起来了 不及物动词 vi 爆炸 破裂 The balloon burst 气球爆炸了 We drove over some glass and one of our tyres burst 我们驶过一些玻璃碎片 汽车 的一只轮胎爆了 冲 闯 Her door was thrust open and Mrs Page burst in 她的门被猛地推开 佩奇太太冲 了进来 突然出现 突然发生 爆发 用进行时 塞满 几乎要胀破 with I am bursting with pride 我自豪极了 及物动词 vt 使爆炸 使破裂 After ten days of rain the river burst its banks 下了十天雨后河堤决口了 名词 n C 爆炸 破裂 缺口 裂口 爆发 突发 of A burst of hand clapping followed the ending of the song 歌声结束之后响起了一 阵掌声 7 million milj n n 百万 名词 n C 百万 百万元 镑 美元 法郎等 无数 P He has millions of books 他有许多许多书 大众 the S She often listens to music for the million 她常听大众音乐 形容词 a 百万的 There are five million permanent residents in the city 这个城市有五百万常住居民 8 event n 事件 大事 名词 n 事件 大事 C 可能的 情况 the S 后果 结果 C Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boy s life 赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事 比赛 项目 C Which events have you entered for 你参加了哪些比赛项目 区别 accident incident event occurrence 均有 发生的事情 之意 accident 指不幸的意外事故 可以构成短语 by accident 表示 偶然 She met with an accident on her way home last night 2002 上海春 We hadn t planned to meet We met by accident Car accidents on icy roads 意外 A series of happy accidents led to his promotion 事故 He ran into an old friend by accident 碰巧 偶然的 She discovered the problem by accident 碰巧 偶然的 An awful accident has happened 发生了一起可怕的意外事故 event 一般用语 指国家历史上发生的重大事件 如战争 举办奥运会等 有 时指个人的重大事件 也指比赛项目 可构成短语 at all events 表示 无论如何 例如 The discovery of America was a great event There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games It may rain tomorrow but we are going home at all events The new book was the cultural event of the year 这本新书的出版是今年文化界的 大事 occurrence 指偶然发生的事件 如抢劫 地震等 也可指家庭中日常生活琐事 occurrence 和 happening 这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件 有时也指 偶然发生的事 Newspapers record the chief occurrences of the day 纸报道了当天发生的大事 I know nothing at all about the recent happenings there 对那里近来发生的事我一 点儿也不知道 incident 既可指小事件或附带事件 又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变 例如 We all remember the July 7th incident of 1937 Life at camp was filled with funny incidents last month There was a strange incident in the supermarket today 怪小事 matter 事项 问题 课题 物质 动词 有关系 a This is a private matter money matter 事项 问题 课题 b That car matters a great deal to him It doesn t matter 动词 有关系 要紧 c The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter 物质 d A matter of opinion a matter of principle e What s the matter problem with you 问题 thing 东西 事情 事物 玩意儿 thing 是普通用词 通常指日常生活中的小事情 例如 I have a lot of things to deal with today With many things to do I can t go to the park with you I have so many things to worry about 事情 When he moves house he likes to throw a lot of things 东西 What is her latest play thing 玩意儿 9 as if 仿佛 好像 犹如 好像 She treats him as if he were a stranger 她待他如陌生人 10 at an end 结束 终结 完结 耗尽 end 短语 寓词于境 阅读下列句子 注意 end 短语的意思及用法 1 In the end she worked out this maths problem 2 He stayed in the city wandering until his money was at an end 3 We must put an end to this foolish behaviour 4 We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee 归纳总结 in the end 最后 终于 at an end 结束 终结 多与 be 连用 put an end to 结束 不好的事 制止 end up with 以 结束 即学即练 用 end 短语的适当形式填空 1 We must their threats 2 It is with great sadness that I announce that our marriage is 3 we decided to go to Florida 4 Anyone who swims in the river could a nasty stomach upset Key 1 put an end to 2 at an end 3 In the end 4 end up with 11 nation nei n n 民族 国家 国民名词 n C 国民 The whole nation is jubilant 举国欢腾 国家 民族 We have established diplomatic relations with the newly independent nations 我们已与那几个新近独立的国家建立了外交关系 12 canal k n l n 运河 水道 n C 运河 河渠 水道 灌溉水渠 Coal used to be sent here by canal 煤过去常经过运河送来 及物动词 vt 在 开凿运河 或水渠 13 steam sti m n 蒸汽 水汽 名词 n U 蒸汽 水蒸汽 水汽 蒸汽 Who invented the steam engine 谁发明了蒸汽机 口 精力 气力 He had little steam left in him after a hard day s work 辛苦工作一天后 他几乎没有一点气力了 轮船 乘船旅行 He used to travel by steam 他过去常乘轮船旅行 不及物动词 vi 蒸发 冒热气 火车 轮船 行驶 Q The ship steamed into the harbor 轮船驶抵港口 及物动词 vt 蒸 煮 My mother is steaming fish 我妈妈正在蒸鱼 14 dirt d t n 污垢 泥土名词 n U 污物 烂泥 灰尘 泥 土 Wash that dirt off your hands 把你手上的脏东西洗掉 无价值的东西 He treats her like dirt 他待她如敝屣 15 ruin ruin n 废墟 毁灭 vt 毁灭 使破产 in ruins 严重受损 破败不堪 寓词于境 阅读下列句子 注意 ruin 的词性和意思 1 The building was in ruins after the earthquake 2 He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the tablecloth 3 You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish 归纳总结 ruin 既可以用作名词 意为 废墟 毁灭 常见短语 be in ruins 意 为 严重受损 破败不堪 也可用作动词 意为 毁灭 使破产 宾语可以是 物质名词 如 tablecloth 也可以是抽象名词 如 future 即学即练 用 ruin 的适当形式填空 1 I don t want the heavy rain to our holidays 2 Years of fighting have left the area 3 That one mistake his chances of getting the job Key 1 ruin 2 in ruins 3 ruined 名词 n 毁灭 崩溃 毁坏 U 476AD saw the ruin of Roman Empire 公元四七六年罗马帝国灭亡 废墟 遗迹 P We visited the ruins of the temple 我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹 祸因 the S Drink was his father s ruin and it will be the ruin of him too 酗酒是他父亲毁灭的原因 他也将遭同样的厄运 及物动词 vt 使毁灭 毁坏 The heavy rain ruined our holiday 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了 The flood ruined the crops 水灾毁坏了庄稼 使成废墟 The hurricane ruined all the houses here 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟 16 suffering s f ri n 苦难 痛苦 名词 n 身体 精神上的 痛苦 苦恼 U This would cause great hardship and suffering 这将造成极大的艰难困苦 劳苦 苦难的经历 令人痛苦的事 C P1 She bore her sufferings bravely 她勇敢地忍受着苦难 形容词 a 受苦的 受难的 a suffering people 遭受苦难的民族 17 extreme iks tri m adj 极度的 形容词 a 末端的 尽头的 Z B There s a Chinese restaurant at the extreme end of the street 在这条街的尽头有一家中国餐馆 极端的 极度的 最大的 Z B Your invitation gave him extreme joy 你的邀请使他高兴极了 The took extreme measures to conserve fuel 他们采取极端的手段节约燃料 急进的 激烈的 狂热的 偏激的 Extreme conservatives were purged from the political organization 极端保守分子被清洗出那个政治组织 名词 n C 极端 末端 We should avoid extremes 我们应该避免走极端 极端的事物 极端的行为 或手段 P 极度 最大程度 In dealing with the problem he was cautious to an extreme 他在处理这个问题时谨慎得过分了 18 injure ind vt 损害 伤害 寓词于境 阅读下列句子 注意 injure 的意思和用法 1 He was slightly injured in the accident 2 Two people have been critically injured in a road accident 3 His rude manner injured her pride 自我归纳 injure 是动词 意思是损害 损伤 尤指在事故中伤害 使受伤 也 可指损害 伤害 名誉 自尊等 拓展 injured adj 受伤的 有伤的 the injured 指受伤的人 injury n 伤害 受 伤之处 如 The injured were taken to hospital When I fell off my bike my only injury was a twisted ankle 辨析 hurt wound 与 injure 的区别 hurt 可表示精神上或肉体上受伤 作不及物动词 意思是 使 疼痛 wound 主要是指战场上受伤 有伤口 injure 一般指因意外或事故而造成损伤 即学即练 翻译下列句子 1 我今天背疼得厉害 2 这个炸弹炸死 11 个人 伤了 55 人 3 这位英雄在战斗中严重负伤 Key 1 My back is really hurting today 2 The bomb killed 11 people and injured 55 3 The hero was wounded badly in the battle 区别 hurt wound injure hurt cause bodily injury or pain to damage pain a person his feeling 使受伤 使疼痛 伤害 使伤心 一般用语 即可指肉体上的伤害 也可指精神上的伤 害 还可用作不及物动词 意为 疼痛 惹起痛苦 What he said hurt me deeply 他说的话使我非常伤心 wound hurt or injury to the living tissue of the body caused by cutting shooting tearing etc esp as the result of attack 指外伤 如枪伤 刀伤 剑伤 尤指在战 争中 战斗中受伤 He got wounded in the fighting 他在战斗中受了伤 injure hurt damage esp for result of an accident 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤 如 He was badly injured in the accident 他在这次事故中受了重伤 Smoking will injure your health 吸烟会毁了你的健康 及物动词 vt 伤害 损害 毁坏 I hope I didn t injure her feelings 我希望我没有伤害她的感情 His back was injured 他背部受伤了 19 survivor s vaiv n 幸存者 生还者 残存物 名词 n C 幸存者 生还者 残存物 There was only one survivor from the plane crash 这次飞机失事只有一个幸存者 survive 英音 s vaiv 及物动词 vt 在 之后仍然生存 从 中逃生 Only two passengers survived the air crash 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死 比 活得长 丧失 配偶 亲人等 She survived her husband by twenty years 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年 不及物动词 vi 活下来 幸存 残留 on Few survived after the flood 洪水后极少有人生还 20 destroy dis tr i vt 破坏 毁坏 消灭 及物动词 vt 毁坏 破坏 A fire destroyed the house 一场火毁坏了那座房屋 打破 希望 计划 使失败 What he said destroyed our last hope 他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望 区别 destroy ruin damage destroy break to pieces make useless put an end to 毁灭 摧毁 毁坏 破坏 表示在肉体上 精神上或道义上彻底摧毁 使之无法复原 也可以表示对某物 体进行完全的毁坏 All his hopes were destroyed 他所有的希望都毁灭了 An atom bomb would destroy a city 一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市 ruin sth which has decayed been destroyed etc 败坏 毁坏 崩溃的状态 指对 物体或生命彻底的破坏 但往往是非暴力的 也往往不是一次的打击结果 常 指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏 Smoking ruined his health 吸烟毁了他的健康 She ruined his prospects 她毁了他的前途 damage harm or injury that causes loss of value 损害 损毁 使失去价值 一般 指对物体或生命的局部损坏 Their houses were damaged by the enemy s shellfire 他们的房屋被敌人的炮火击毁了 21 brick brik n 砖 砖块 名词 n 砖 砖块 C U 砖块状物 I bought a brick of ice cream for my daughter 我给女儿买了块冰砖 He bought a brick of cheese and a bottle of wine 他买了一块乳酪和一瓶葡萄酒 英 积木 C 英 口 好心肠的人 可靠的好人 C Lance is a regular brick 兰斯是个大好人 形容词 a 砖砌的 The house is brick not wood 这房子是用砖砌成的 不是用木头造的 22 dam d m n 水坝 堰堤 n C 水坝 水堤 They have decided to build a dam across the river 他们决定在这条河上建一座水坝 及物动词 vt 筑坝于 筑坝拦 水 up out The stream was dammed up 这溪流被坝堵住了 控制 抑制 in up back The lady dammed up her anger 那位女士抑制住一腔怒火 23 track tr k n 轨道 足迹 痕迹 名词 n C 行踪 轨道 足迹 We followed his tracks in the snow to a hut 我们沿着他在雪地上留下的足迹走到一间小屋旁 小径 小道 铁轨 轨道 P1 The train jumped the track 火车出轨了 体 跑道 径赛运动 He runs around the track every morning 他每天清晨绕着跑道跑步 历程 行动路线 思路 You re on the wrong track 你想得不对了 及物动词 vt 跟踪 追踪 to It was not long be