2011年12月英语四级(CET4)真题

2011 年自考英语年自考英语 二二 复习笔记复习笔记 2 来源 考试吧 E 2011 7 20 9 37 34 考试吧 中国教育培训第一门户 模拟考场 亚美欧国际亚美欧国际英语英语培训学校培训学校 雅思保分班 四六级 专八考级 口语 新托福 商务英语 托业考试 父母必看 影响改变孩子一生父母必看 影响改变孩子一生 孩子成才 早日成才 不走任何弯路 百万家长见证 孩子教育再无难题 百度推广 2011 年自考英语 二 复习笔记 2 重点语法知识讲解重点语法知识讲解 1 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态 语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 主动 被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 主动 被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 主动 被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动 被动 have been doing 1 1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在 或对现在仍有影响 现在完成时的标志 so far by now up to now for three years since 1995 i n the past two decades 1 2 过去完成时 过去的过去 1 said reported thought 等引导的间接引语中 He missed the train He said he had missed the train 2 hardly when no sooner than 句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call 3 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中 If I had tried harder I would have won I wish I had done better in the exam 1 3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在 没有间断 汉语提示语 一直 The water has been running the whole night 1 4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事 不考虑与现在的关系 过去时的标志 yesterday in 1995 last week in the nineteenth century five year s ago 等等 2 非谓语动词非谓语动词 2 1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词 形式 意义 现在分词 一 般 式 doing 主动 正在进行 被 动 式 being done 被动 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 已经完成 过去分词 done 被动 已经完成 动词不定式 一 般 式 to do 主动 将要进行 被 动 式 to be done 被动 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 正在进行 2 2 非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式 1 目的状语 2 结果状语 I came here to meet you 目的 He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train 结果 分词 1 伴随状语 2 原因状语 3 条件状语 4 让步状语 5 时间状语 Walking along the street he met his old friend 时间 Being very tired my father didn t go out with us 原因 Made by hand the silk shirt is very expensive 原因 Seen from the space the earth looks like a blue ball 条件 2 3 非谓语动词 状语从句和独立结构 1 Having done their homework the children began to play 分词作状语 2 After having done their homework the children began to play 连词 分词 3 After they had done their homework the children began to play 状语从句 4 With homework done the children began to play 独立结构 2 4 非谓语动词作定语 1 If there is no choice there is no decision make to be made 2 Do you know the man stand in front of the house standing 3 The question discuss at the moment is very important being discuss ed 4 The bridge build in the 1950s is still in good condition built 2 5 动名词和动词不定式 作主语和表语 动名词作主语 表语表示一般 抽象的情况 动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况 Rising early is good for health To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow My biggest wish is to go abroad Seeing is believing 作宾语 接动名词作宾语的动词 admit acknowledge avoid appreciate consider delay enjoy escape ex cuse forgive finish include involve mind put off postpone suggest feel like look forward to be used to be accustomed to etc 接动词不定式作宾语的动词 want tend intend pretend hope plan expect be supposed to seem be likely to used to be willing to desire force prefer start begin 接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词 1 forget remember regret 2 stop continue 3 need want 4 allow doing allow sb to do 1 How can I forget meeting you for the first time Sorry I forgot to lock the door 2 I can t stop laughing Can you stop to give me a hand 3 The grass needs cutting The grass needs to be cut 4 We don t allow smoking here You are not allowed to smoke here 1 1 2 下一页 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 1 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 1 One way to preserve species the threat of extinction is to remove them to zoos and parks A in B on C under D with 解析 考点是固定搭配 under the threat of 在 的威胁下 2 Although she didn t mention any names everyone knew who she was to A meant B regarding C investigation D referring 解析 词组 refer to 指的是 mean to 企图 regard 认为 investigation 调查 3 I was surprised to find that the computer could a vast number of different tasks A perfor m B create C display D explain 解析 perform 做 完成 屡行 perform tasks 完成任务 create 创造 display 显示 展示 explain 解释 4 The computer has brought about surprising technological changes we organize and produce information A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way 解析 in the way 在 方面 in a way 从某种意义上说 在某种程度上 in that way 以那种方式 in no way 决不 一点也不 5 The French pianist who had been praised very highly to be a great disappointment A turned up B turned out C turned in D turned down 解析 turn out 结果证明是 结果是 turn up 出现 turn in 上交 出卖 turn down 拒绝 这句话的意 思是 那个曾经受到很高评价的法国钢琴家结果却令人大失所望 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 1 第第 2 页页 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 6 It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be A impression B reaction C comment D opinion 解析 本题是词汇辨析题 reaction 反应 后接介词 to 意思是 对 的反应 这句话的意思是 难说 她对这个消息会有怎样的反应 impression 印象 后接 of about 或 on 意义为 对 的印象 comment 评 论 后接介词 on upon 或 about opinion 评价 后接介词 of about 或 on 7 is known to the world Mark Twain is a great American writer A That B Which C As D It 解析 本题是语法结构题 考点是 as 引导的定语从句 这句话的意思是 众所周知 马克 吐温 是一位伟大的美国作家 As 引导的定语从句经常和 such same 等词连用 或经常用在 as is known to us as is expected as might be expected as is often the case 等句型中 8 Evidence came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old A what B which C that D whose 解析 本题是语法结构题 考点是 that 引导的同位语从句 先行词是 evidence 这句话的意思是 有 证据表明 出生仅 6 个月的婴儿就能辨别一定的语音 同位语从句与先行词是等同关系 先行词多为表示 事实 看法 思想 消息等的名词 常见的有 fact idea belief thought hope evidence doubt news 等 9 The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from being to radiatio n A released B disclosed C revealed D exposed 解析 本题是词汇辨析题 考点是 expose to 使 暴露于 使 接触 本题的意思是 在核工厂使 用的机器人可以使人不接触辐射 prevent from doing sth 阻止某人不 release 释放 disclose 泄露 揭露 reveal 揭示 10 they began to get down to business A The holidays are over B The holidays were over C The holidays being over D The holidays had been over 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 2 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 Cloze Test American business is based on the profit motive So make no mistake The company you work 11 wi ll have some method of measuring employee productivity Your future there will depend on 12 you rate Productivity is relatively easy to measure in some cases 13 a college student your overall productivit y was measured by your grade point average Hourly workers 14 assembly line operators are usually mea sured by the 15 of items produced in a given amount of time Measuring the productivity of some servic e and management personnel is 16 difficult because of the many factors to be considered New employees are 17 expected to perform at their maximum potential A break in period is allow ed 18 can be several weeks depending on the job By the time of your first performance evaluation you should 19 average productivity Then you should try to reach your 20 11 A for B out C to D on 答案 A 解析 You work for 是定语从句修饰 The company work for 的意思是为 工作 这句话的意思是 你为之工作的公司会有一些测量员工工作效率的方法 12 A what B how C where D when 答案 B 解析 在这个句子中 rate 动词 意思是评价 评估的意思 Depend on 后面用宾语从句做介词 on 的 宾语 本句话的意思是 你的未来将取决于你是怎样评价的 13 A For B with C To D As 答案 D 解析 As a college student 作为一个大学生 在这个句子中 as 做介词 14 A except for B such as C in addition to D as well as 答案 B 解析 such as 是例如的意思 表示举例说明 except for 的意思是除了 除 之外 in addition to 意思也是除了 除 之外 as well as 表示 也 以及 15 A Aquality B figure C sum D whole 答案 C 解析 quality 意思是质量 figure 数字 数 sum 总计 合计 总数 whole 整个 整体 这句话的意思 是 小时工 比如集中生产线的操作工 他们通常是以单位时间里所生产的产品总数来衡量工作效率 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 2 第第 2 页页 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 16 A more B less C the same D similarly 答案 A 解析 此处要填一个比较级 根据上下文的意思我们可以判断出要填 more 这句话的意思是 衡量 服务人员和管理人员的工作效率就更难了 因为有许多因素要考虑 17 A never B rarely C often D always 答案 B 解析 根据上下文我们可以知道 一般开始时几乎不要求新员工充分发挥潜力 等到第一次评估以后 才要求新员工要尽量发挥潜力 因此选 rarely 18 A it B that C which D what 答案 解析 which 引导了非限定性定语从句 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句 19 A reach B have reached C be reaching D be reached 答案 B 解析 should have reached 是情态动词的完成形式 从上下文看 有一个非常明显的词 By the time 一般句子中有这个词 那么句子的时态经常用完成时 20 A destination B objective C potential D conclusion 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 3 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 Reading Comprehension Bill Gates childhood friends recognized that he was exceptional Bill especially liked swimming and other sports One of his summer camp friends recalled He was never a nerd or a goof 傻瓜 笨蛋 or th e kind of kid you didn t want your team We all knew Bill was smarter than us Even back then when he was nine or ten years old he talked like an adult and could express himself in ways that none of us understood Bill was also well ahead of his classmates in mathematics and science He needed to go to a school that challenged 向 挑战 him Lakeside was Seattle s best school and was noted for its rigorous 严厉的 aca demic demands a place where even the dumb kids were smart Lakeside allowed students to pursue their own interests to whatever extent they wished The school p rided itself on making conditions and facilities available that would enable all its students to reach their full potential It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates In 1968 the school made a decision that would change thirteen year old Bill Gates life and that of many of others too At Lakeside the students gained access to a computer a Program Data processor PDP through a telet ype machine Type in a few instructions on the teletype machine and a few seconds later the PDP woul d type back its response Bill Gates was immediately hooked and so was his best friend at the time Ke nt Evans and another student Paul Allen who was two years older than Bill Whenever they had free time and sometimes when they didn t they would dash over to the comput er room to use the machine At fourteen Bill was already writing short programs for the computer to per form Early games programs such as Tic Tac Toe or Noughts and Crosses and Lunar Landing were writ ten in what was to become Bill s second language BASIC One of the reasons Bill was so good at programming is because it is mathematical and logical During his time at Lakeside Bill scored a perfect eight hundred on a mathematics test 21 The first paragraph tells us that little Bill Gates A was different from other children B had a smarter mind than other children of the same age C couldn t be understood by his friends and even his parents D was difficult of approach 答案 B 解析 此题是细节题 根据文章第一段 He was never a nerd or a goof or the kind of kid you didn t want your team We all knew Bill was smarter than us 此句意思是 他从来不是笨蛋或傻瓜 也不是那 种你不想与之游玩的人 大家都清楚比尔比我们都聪明 选项 A 没有说明他确切的不同之处 其它两个 选项均不符合原文内容 22 Bill Gates chose Lakeside to go to NOT because A it had excellent education in Seattle B it had an exceptional concept that was to develop students potential as much as possible C it provided conditions and equipment necessary for students D it had decided to admit him 答案 D 解析 此题是细节题 根据文章第二 三段我们可以知道 Lakeside 湖滨学校以它严厉的学术要求而著 称 另外还允许学生发展自己的兴趣 最大限度地挖掘学生的潜力 Bill was also well ahead of his clas smates in mathematics and science He needed to go to a school that challenged 向 挑战 him 此句意思 是 比尔在数学方面也领先于其他同学 他需要上一所具有挑战性的学校 从该句我们可判断 D 不对 正是他的优秀 学校才决定录取他 23 It can be inferred from the passage that A Lakeside was a milestone in the course of Bill Gates success B Bill pursued his interest in mathematics at Lakeside C Bill began to do programming like some early games known D Bill s success is due to his mathematical and logical mind 答案 A 解析 从 inferred 一词得知此题是推理题 该题型首先排除文章原文字面提到的内容 我们可根据全 文推理出湖滨学校在比尔 盖茨的成功过程中是一个里程碑 举足轻重 另外 In 1968 the school made a decision that would change thirteen year old Bill Gates life and that of many of others too 也可说明正是 湖滨学校的这一决定改变了十三岁的比尔 盖茨的生活 故应选 A 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 3 第第 2 页页 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 24 The word hooked most probably refers to A dependant B caught by a curved thing C having a great liking for D curving 答案 C 解析 此题是语义题 主要测试考生通过上下文理解词语的综合判断能力 备选答案中三个干扰项从 不同角度对该词进行似是而非的改写 hook 作为名词表示 钓 钩 作动词表 用钩钩住 从下文 Wheneve r they had free time and sometimes when they didn t they would dash over to the computer room to u se the machine 可猜出 hooked 指的是 着迷的 故 C 对 25 The passage is mainly discussing A Bill Gates boyhood B Lakeside School C Bill Gates D Bill Gates and Lakeside 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 4 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 Reading Comprehension From the earliest times there are records of dolphins 海豚 helping and caring for men Although the y can even kill sharks they have never been known to attack a human being rather they have helped me n in difficulty on the sea Dolphins brains are 30 percent larger than those of people and are equally c omplex During experiments dolphins have learnt to perform tasks that require logical reasoning so their intelligence is unquestionable Furthermore fossil evidence reveals that they have had their larger brains fo r thirty million years compared to around a million years for man The dolphin ancestors lived upon the land and dolphins are mammals 哺乳动物 like us they feed t heir babies on milk and breathe air like us They appear to care for each other for example if a dolphi n is ill its companions will help it up to the air so that it can breathe The sounds they make also app ear to be some kind of communication It seems that we have discovered an animal that may be close to us in intelligence and furthermore one that is friendly co operative and which has emotions similar to our own How do we treat these ani mals So far man has killed six million dolphins and every year tens of thousands more are killed 26 Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage A Dolphins are human beings best friends www E B Dolphins have larger brains than that of human beings C Dolphins are as clever as human beings D Dolphins are quite close to human beings in many ways 答案 D 解析 此题是要旨题 提问的是文章的中心大意 就自学考试而言 文章或段落的主旨通常以主题句 的形式出现 那么如何辨别主题句呢 文章的主题句一般是文章的第一句 但有时也出现在文章的中部或 甚至文章尾部 本篇文章的主题句即出现在第三自然段的开头 在这篇文章中 作者在第一自然段中谈到 了海豚的智力跟人类的十分相似 在第二自然段中又谈到海豚的生活方式跟人类的也有很多相似之处 故 D 是正确答案 27 We can learn from the first paragraph that A Dolphins have smaller brains than that of men B Dolphins have had their intelligence not as long as men C Dolphins have had their intelligence thirty times as long as men D Dolphins are much more clever than men 答案 C 解析 这是一个细节理解题 考的是第一自然段中的一个细节 第一自然段的前部分讲到 Dolphins br ains are 30 percent larger than those of people and are equally complex 海豚的大脑比人类的大 30 而且跟人类大脑的复杂程度差不多 故 A D 均不正确 第一段最后一句话讲到 fossil 化石 evidence re veals that they have had their larger brains for thirty million years compared to around a million years f or man 从海豚的化石证据显示 他们拥有这么大型的头脑已有 3 千万年的历史了 而我们人类的头脑只 有一百万年的历史 C 为正确答案 28 It can be inferred from the passage that A Dolphins brains are much larger and more complicated than that of men B Dolphins are able to display the ability of reasoning C Dolphins can play music like human beings D Dolphins often held their babies up to breathe fresh air 答案 B 解析 从 inferred 一词得知此题是推理题 此题的推理依据是文章第一段 During experiments dolphi ns have learnt to perform tasks that require logical reasoning 在实验过程中 海豚们学会了做那些需要 逻辑推理才能完成的工作 由此我们可以判断出 海豚是能够有推理能力的 故选 B 29 Which of the following is true according to the passage A Though dolphin is a kind of fish it can breathe air like us B Dolphins often kill sharks for food C Dolphins probably communicate with each other through a kind of sound D Dolphins have formed their own groups and they help only the members in the same group 答案 C 解析 这是一个细节理解题 从第二段的最后一句可以得知 The sounds they make also appear to be some kind of communication 他们发出的声音似乎就是一种交流的方式 故应选 C 30 What would the next paragraph probably talk about 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 4 第第 2 页页 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 A Why dolphins are as intelligent as human beings B How the dolphins help and care men in modern times C How the dolphins were killed for commercial purposes and what we should do to protect them D What more discoveries scientists have made about dolphins 自考自考 英语英语 二二 历年真题及答案解析 历年真题及答案解析 5 中华考试网 大 中 小 2011 年 2 月 15 日 Reading Comprehension That Monday morning feeling could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating an d gasping for breathe Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven but a six year study re vealed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday t han on any other day Working Germans are particularly vulnerable 敏感的 脆弱的 with a 33 percent h igher risk at the beginning of the working week Non workers by comparison appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day Another study of 11 000 Italians identified 8 am on a Monday m orning as the most stressful time for the heart and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day with fewer heart attacks in both countries The research also indicates that the Monday morning pea k seems to be consistent from northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle The findings could lead to a better understanding of what triggers 触发 激起 heart attacks accordin g to Dr Stefan Willich We know a lot about long term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol 胆 固醇 but we don t know what actually triggers heart attacks so we can t make specific recommendations about how to prevent them he said However he suggests that anyone who suffers from heart disease sh ould take it easy on Monday mornings and leave potentially stressful meetings until midweek 31 What is the main idea of the passage A Monday morning is always painful 中华考试网 B Monday morning triggers heart attack C There are more heart attacks on Monday mornings D There is more stress on Monday mornings 答案 C 解析 此题是要旨题 提问的是文章的中心大意 要旨题的目的在于考查学生对文章中心思想的理解 程度和区别主要信息和次要信息的能力 要旨是一篇文章的核心 是作者写作意图的体现 其表现形式因 体裁不同而不同 就自学考试而言 文章的要旨通常以主题句的形式出现 并且文章的主题句通常出现在 文章的开头部分 本文就属此类文章 本文的主题句出现在第一段第二句话 故 C 是正确答案 32 Who are more likely to have heart attacks on Monday mornings according to the study A researchers B Italians C non workers D working Germans 答案 D 解析 这是一个细节理解题 答案可以从文中第二段直接找到 作者在第二段中具体介绍了研究的结 果 研究的对象是德国人和意大利人 研究表明 工作的德国人在周一心脏病的发作机率是最高的 不工 作的德国人周一和平时没有什么不同 对意大利人的研究指出周一早上八点是最危险的时间点 由此可知 D 为正确答案 33 Which of the following is true accor