完整版专四英语语法考点

1 语法考点之一语法考点之一 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 考点考点 1 If 从句中的虚拟语气从句中的虚拟语气 1 与过去事实相反 从句 与过去事实相反 从句 sb had done 主句 主句 sb would should could might have done 1 I the party much more if there hadn t been quite such a crowd of people there 1996 A would enjoy B will have enjoyed C would have enjoyed D will be enjoying 2 All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there quite such a crowd of people there 2000 A weren t B hasn t been C hadn t been D wouldn t 省略省略 if 从句的语序用到装 即将 从句的语序用到装 即将 were had 或或 should 移至主语的前面 但否定词移至主语的前面 但否定词 not 不前移 不前移 3 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam she much better results now 2008 A would be getting B could have got C must get D would get 4 you were busy I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions 1994 A If I realized B Had I realized C I realized that D As I realized 5 he would not have recovered so quickly 1995 A Hadn t he been taken good care of B Had he not been taken good care of C Had not he been taken good care of D Had he been not taken good care of 6 for the fact that she broke her leg she might have passed the exam 2002 A Had it not been B Hadn t it been C Was it not D Were it not 2 与现在事实相反 从句 与现在事实相反 从句 sb did were 主句主句 sb would should could might do 1 If there were no subjunctive mood English much easier to learn 2009 A could have been B would be C will be D would have been 2 If you explained the situation to your solicitor he able to advise you much better than I can 2005 A would be B will have been C was D Were 3 与将来事实相反 从句 与将来事实相反 从句 sb did should do 或或 were to do 主句 主句 sb would should could might do 1 you further problems with your printer contact your dealer for advice 2005 A If had B Have had C Should have D In case had 4 错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 2 比如 从句对过去虚拟 而主句对现在虚拟 即从句比如 从句对过去虚拟 而主句对现在虚拟 即从句 sb had done 主句 主句 sb would should could might do 1 If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics he might still be alive now 2007 A had received B received C should receive D were receiving 考点考点 2 表示建议 要求 命令等动词如 表示建议 要求 命令等动词如 insist order command suggest advise propose ask require request demand 引导的从句及引导的从句及 it 引导的相应的分词 名词和形容词从句 谓语用 引导的相应的分词 名词和形容词从句 谓语用 should 动词原形 动词原形 1 He left orders that nothing touched until the police arrived here 1997 A should be B ought to be C must be D would be 2 She asked that she allowed to see her son in police custody 1993 A would be B could be C be D was 考点考点 3 It is advisable essential important imperative incredible 等从句 谓语用 等从句 谓语用 should 动词原形 动词原形 1 It is necessary that he the assignment without delay 2010 A hand in B hands in C must hand in D has to hand in 2 It is absolutely essential that William his study in spite of some learning difficulties 2007 A will continue B continued C continue D continues 3 It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry 2006 A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 4 It is imperative that students their term papers on time 2004 A hand in B would hand in C have to hand in D handed in 考点考点 4 it is high about time that 的结构中 从句使用一般过去式 例如的结构中 从句使用一般过去式 例如 1 It s high time we cutting down the rainforests 2006 A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点考点 5 much as 尽管 虽然尽管 虽然 引导让步状语从句 从句中用引导让步状语从句 从句中用 would have done 表示假设 表示假设 1 Much as I couldn t lend him the money because I simply didn t have that much spare cash 1999 A I would have liked to B I would like to have C I should have to like D I should have liked to 考点考点 6 if only wish as if as though 引导从句 引导从句 与过去事实相反 与过去事实相反 had done 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 与将来事实相反 与将来事实相反 could would do 1 If only I play the guitar as well as you 2006 A would B could C should D might 2 He talks on and on as if he would never end 考点考点 7 would rather sooner 从句中从句中 3 使用一般过去式或过去完成式使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 1 The manager would rather his daughter in the same office now A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work 考点考点 8 On condition that lest for fear that should 原形动词 原形动词 1 He asked me to lend him some money which I agreed to do that he paid me back the following week 2005 A on occasion B on purpose C on condition D only if 注 On condition that 是 只有 条件是 的意思 可以使用虚拟语气 也可以不用 I ll come on condition that John is invited They agree to lend him the car on condition he should return it in a week 2 lest 以免 e g tiptoed lest the guard should hear her anxious lest he become ill 考点考点 9 but for 1 your timely advice I would never have known how to go about the work 1994 A Unless B But for C Except for D Not for 考点考点 10 让步状语从句 让步状语从句 Whether he be rich or poor I ll marry him 1 I ll marry him all the same 2004 A Was he rich or poor B Whether rich or poor C Were he rich or poor D Be he rich or poor 2 Whether my brother right or wrong he will have my unwavering support 2001 A Is B Were C Be D Would be 语法考点之二语法考点之二 情态动词 情态动词 情态动词 will 愿意 shall 将 must 必须 can may would should 应该 might could ought to used to 过去常常 need 需要 dare 竟敢 have to 不得不 考试中 情态动词部分重点测试以下内容 考试中 情态动词部分重点测试以下内容 1 情态动词 行为动词完成式 表示推测 2 某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点考点 1 情态动词 情态动词 have 过去分词结构表示推测 过去分词结构表示推测 1 must have v ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事 一定一定 发生了 否定形式为 发生了 否定形式为 can t couldn t have v ed 表示过去不可表示过去不可 能发生某事 能发生某事 1 Which of the following sentences expresses probability 2008 A You must leave immediately B You must be feeling rather tired C You must be here by eight o clock 4 D You must complete the reading assignment on time 2 He the 8 20 bus because he didn t leave home till 8 25 1994 A couldn t have caught B ought to have caught C shouldn t have caught D must not have caught 2 could have v ed 表示推测过去某动作表示推测过去某动作 很可能很可能 发生了 发生了 3 may might have v ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事 也许也许 发生了发生了 1 He unwisely but he was at least trying to do something helpful 1999 A may have acted B must have acted C should act D would act 4 ought to should have v ed 和和 ought not to shouldn t have v ed 用于对已发生的情况表示用于对已发生的情况表示 责备责备 不满不满 分别表示 分别表示 本应该本应该 和和 本不应该本不应该 1 Aren t you tired I you had done enough for today 2009 A should have thought B must have thought C might have thought D could have thought 5 needn t have v ed 表示过去做了某事 但没有做的必要 表示过去做了某事 但没有做的必要 意为意为 本没必要本没必要 1 You Jim anything about it It was none of his business 1998 A needn t have told B needn t tell C mustn t have told D mustn t tell 2 As it turned out to be a small house party we so formally 1996 A need not have dressed up B must not have dressed up C did not need to dress up D must not dress up 注意 注意 did not need to do 动作并没发生 例 动作并没发生 例 I didn t need to get up early so I got up until 9 a m 考点考点 2 特殊用法特殊用法 1 can t 不可能不可能 表推测 表推测 may not 可能不可能不 表推测 表推测 mustn t must not 不要不要 禁止禁止 used not usedn t to 或或 didn t use to 过去不过去不 2 should 表示惊讶表示惊讶 1 I am surprised this city is a dull place to live in 2006 A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking 2 We consider he should have left without telling anyone beforehand 2009 A strange why B it strange what C it strange that D that strange 3 用于过去式中 用于过去式中 can 常表示能过做某事 但事实不一定去做 常表示能过做某事 但事实不一定去做 be able to 则表示能做某事并且已经做了 则表示能做某事并且已经做了 1 I went there in 1984 and that was the only occasion when I the journey in exactly two days 2005 A must take B must have made C was able to make D could make 4 Can t but V 表示不得不 与表示不得不 与 have to 同义 同义 Can t help Ving 忍不住 忍不住 5 cannot too enough 表示表示 无论怎么无论怎么 也不算过分也不算过分 越越 越好越好 5 6 may might as well 动词原形动词原形 意为意为 最好 满可以 倒不如最好 满可以 倒不如 相当于 相当于 had better I m ready so I might as well go now 7 may well 动词原形动词原形 意为 意为 完全 能 很可能 完全 能 很可能 He may well be proud of his son 他大可为儿子高他大可为儿子高 兴兴 8 may as well as 还是还是 好了好了 e g You may as well as give him the letter 语法考点之三语法考点之三 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 考点考点 1 不定式 不定式 近几年考的不多 以前的考点基本集中在 近几年考的不多 以前的考点基本集中在 1 考察哪些动词接不定式 考察哪些动词接不定式 2 考察哪些短语接不带考察哪些短语接不带 to 的不定式 的不定式 1 can t help choose but do 不得不不得不 只能只能 不禁不禁 2 why not do sth 1 him tomorrow 2001 A Why not to call on B Why don t call on C Why not calling on D Why not call on 3 would do rather than do 1 She said she would work it out herself ask me for help 1993 A and not to B but not C and prefer not D rather than 3 考察短语考察短语 be believed said to do sth 的用法 的用法 1 The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue 2004 A that he is thinking B to be thinking C that he is to think D to think 2 AIDS is said the number one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region 2002 A being B to be C to have been D having been 3 Professor Johnson is said some significant advance in his research in the past year 1999 A having made B making C to have made D to make 4 考察动词不定时的时态和语态 考察动词不定时的时态和语态 进行式进行式 to be doing 完成式完成式 to have done 一般式被动语态一般式被动语态 to be done 完成式被动语态完成式被动语态 to have been done 另外 不定式短语有将来时的意思 另外 不定式短语有将来时的意思 考点考点 2 动名词 动名词 1 常接动名词做宾语的词 常接动名词做宾语的词 mind 介意介意 miss 逃过逃过 mention 提及提及 prevent postpone practice risk 冒险冒险 resist 抵制抵制 consider 考虑考虑 admit 承认承认 avoid 避免避免 appreciate 感激感激 fancy 幻想幻想 finish 完成完成 feel like 喜欢喜欢 escape 逃脱逃脱 ensure 确保确保 delay 延迟延迟 deny 否认否认 resent detest imagine 想象想象 suggest 建议建议 1 In international matches prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid 1996 A from being beaten B being beaten C beating D to be beaten 2 He resented to wait He expected the minister him at once 1995 A to be asked to see B being asked to see C to be asked seeing D being asked seeing 6 3 I never regretted offer for it was not where my interest lay 1993 A not to accept B not having accepted C having not accepted D not accepting b 选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述 指示某一次特殊的情况 d 选项表示的是一般性的情况 不特指某一次特殊的情况 2 介词后的 介词后的 ing prevent stop keep sb sth from doing 阻止阻止 做做 spend waste time money in doing 在做在做 方面花钱 浪方面花钱 浪 费时间或金钱 费时间或金钱 how what about doing sth 做做 怎么样了 怎么样了 Have some difficulty trouble in doing 在在 方面有些困难 方面有些困难 There is no sense in doing 做做 是没有理由的是没有理由的 Thank admire praise blame scold punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而感谢 羡慕 表扬 责备 惩罚某人因做某事而感谢 羡慕 表扬 责备 惩罚某人 1 What a nice day How about the three of us a walk in the park nearby 2009 A to take B take C taking D to be taking 2 Though her father never approved of to drama school she became a well known actress 1991 A goingB her to go C her going D her go 3 接动名词做介词 接动名词做介词 to 的宾语 的宾语 apply oneself to 致力于 致力于 be accustomed to 习惯于 习惯于 confess to 供认 供认 come to 谈到 谈到 devote oneself to 献身于 献身于 get down to 着手做 着手做 give way to 对对 让步 让步 lead to 导致 导致 look forward to 期待 期待 next to 几乎 几乎 object to 反反 对 对 pay attention to 注意 注意 stick to 坚持 坚持 stand up to 勇敢面对 勇敢面对 turn to 求助于 求助于 be used to 习惯于习惯于 1 What s the chance of a general election this year 2005 A there being B there to be C there be D there going to be 2 The meeting was put off because we a meeting without John 2005 A objected having B were objected to having C objected to have D objected to having 考点考点 3 分词 分词 1 从从语语态态上上看看 现现在在分分词词一一般般表表主主动动 过过去去分分词词一一般般表表被被动动 2 从从时时态态上上看看 现现在在分分词词表表示示进进行行 过过去去分分词词表表示示过过去去 如如果果分分词词动动作作发发生生在在句句子子谓谓语语动动词词动动作作之之前前 分分词词用用完完成成时时 3 现现在在分词的否定形式是分词的否定形式是 not 放在分词之前 放在分词之前 非谓语动词解题三步曲非谓语动词解题三步曲 一 首先确定主句 一 首先确定主句 二 分析主动被动 二 分析主动被动 三 分析动作先后三 分析动作先后 1 should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work 2010 A To be not tall B Not being tall C Being not tall D Not to be tall 7 2 The man preparing the documents is the firm s lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT 2009 A the man who has prepared the documents B the man who has been preparing the documents C the man who is preparing the documents D the man who will prepare the documents 3 at in this way the situation does not seem so desperate 2000 A Looking B looked C Being looked D to look 4 If not with the respect he feels due to him Jack gets very ill tempered and grumbles all the time 2004 A being treated B treated C be treated D having been treated 5 he can now only watch it on TV at home 1998 A Obtaining not a ticket for the match B Not obtaining a ticket for the match C Not having obtained a ticket for the match D Not obtained a ticket for the match 6 He wasn t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society insufficiently poplar with all members 1996 A having considered B was considered C was being considered D being considered 7 He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field Then to his astonishment he saw a rope ladder out and three men climbing down it 1995 A throwing B being thrown C having thrown D having been thrown 8 This missile is designed so that once nothing can be done to retrieve it 1995 A fired B being fired C they fired D having fired 考点考点 4 独立主格 独立主格 句中没有连接词 句中没有连接词 逗号分开两个句子 逗号分开两个句子 存在两个主语 存在两个主语 形式 名词形式 名词 代词 分词 代词 分词 1 分词短语作状语时 有自己独立的逻辑上的分词短语作状语时 有自己独立的逻辑上的 主语主语 相当于各种形式的状语 表示一种伴随的动作 情 相当于各种形式的状语 表示一种伴随的动作 情 况或表原因况或表原因 2 介词 介词 with 名词名词 形容词形容词 副词副词 分词 表示伴随行动做或补充说明分词 表示伴随行动做或补充说明 1 Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth wheat by far the biggest cereal crop 2003 A is B been C be D being 2 Time the celebration will be held as scheduled 2003 A permit B permitting C permitted D permits 3 There nothing more for discussion the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier 2000 A to be B to have been C being D be 4 no cause for alarm the old man went back to his bedroom 1996 A There was B Since C Being D There being 5 The country s chief exports are coal cars and cotton goods cars the most important of these 1994 8 A have been B are C being D are being 6 The tape recorder out of order the students did not know what to do 1990 A was B Being C has been D was being 语法考点之四语法考点之四 定语从句 定语从句 关系代词 关系代词 which 指 指 sth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 that 指 指 sb 或或 sth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 who 指 指 sb 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 whom 指 指 sb 作宾语 作宾语 whose 指 指 sb 或或 sth 作定语 作定语 as 指 指 sb sth 作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语 做宾语的时候 做宾语的时候 关系代词可以省略 关系代词可以省略 关系副词 关系副词 when 指时间 指时间 on which where 指地点 指地点 at which why 指原因 指原因 for which 考点考点 1 先行词为人时引导词先行词为人时引导词 who 和和 that 1 只能用只能用 who 不用不用 that 1 当先行词为当先行词为 one s anyone those 时 时 2 当先行词为人称代词时 当先行词为人称代词时 2 只能用只能用 that 不用不用 who 1 当主句已经出现当主句已经出现 who 时 时 2 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 1 He is quite worn out from years of hard work He is not the man he was twenty years ago 2003 A which B that C who D whom 考点考点 2 先行词为物时引导词先行词为物时引导词 that 和和 which 1 只能用只能用 that 不用不用 which 1 先行词为先行词为 much little few nothing none anything no all 等不定代词 等不定代词 2 先行词既有人又有物 先行词既有人又有物 3 先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰 先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰 4 先行词被 先行词被 the very the only the last just all any every no 等修饰 等修饰 5 关系代词在从句中作表语 关系代词在从句中作表语 6 在疑问词在疑问词 who which what 开头的句子中 开头的句子中 7 主句是主句是 there be 句型 句型 1 I was very interested in she told me 2009 A all that B all which C all what D That 2 There is no one in the world 1991 A that ever made mistakes B that has ever made mistakes C that never makes mistakes D that sometimes makes mistakes 2 只能用只能用 which 不用不用 that 1 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用 which We depend on the land from which we get our food 2 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用引导非限制性定语从句时只能用 which 其先行词可是一个词其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 9 1 They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time is something we had not expected 2003 A which B it C that D what 2 We ve just installed two air conditioners in our apartment should make great differences in our life next summer 2002 A which B what C that D They 考点考点 3 介词 介词 关系代词关系代词 which whom 1 关系代词前介词的确定方法 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系 或者从句的动词 形容词的习惯性关系代词前介词的确定方法 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系 或者从句的动词 形容词的习惯性 搭配 搭配 1 The party I was the guest of honour was extremely enjoyable 2006 A by which B for which C to which D at which 2 I ve never been to Lhasa but that s the city 1999 A I d most like to visit B which I like to visit mostly C where I like to visit D I d like much to visit 3 I have never been to London but that is the city 1997 A where I like to visit most B I d most like to visit C which I like to visit mostly D where I d like most to visit 2 Whose 从句从句 1 Above the trees are the hills magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface 2003 A where B of whose C whose D which 考点考点 4 关系副词的运用 关系副词的运用 先行词为先行词为 时间的名词时间的名词 用用 when 1 She remembered several occasions in the past she had experienced a similar feeling 1998 A which B before C that D when 先行词为先行词为 表示地点的名词表示地点的名词 用用 where 1 Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him 2002 A by which B that C in where D Where 先行词为先行词为 表示原因的名词表示原因的名词 why reason why 表示原因的名词只有一个 表示原因的名词只有一个 考点考点 5 as 与与 which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as 放在句首句中都可以 放在句首句中都可以 which 必需放在句中 但下列情况多用必需放在句中 但下列情况多用 as 1 1 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 As is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month 10 2 当与 such as 或 the same 连用时 一般用 as 3 as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致 which 无此限制 He went abroad as which was expected 他出国了 正如大家预料到的 He went abroad which was unexpected 他出国了 这让大家感到很意外 不用 as 1 Only take these clothes really necessary 1994 A as were B as they are C as they were D as are 2 is often the case with a new idea much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals 1994 A That B It C This D As 注意 注意 定语从句中主谓一致问题 从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 定语从句中主谓一致问题 从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 He is one of the teachers who know English well He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well 特殊特殊 语法考点之五 状语从句语法考点之五 状语从句 考点考点 1 时间状语从句 时间状语从句 连接词连接词 when while as till until before after since once as soon as every time the moment the minute no sooner than hardly when 等等 1 whenever 1 Come and see me whenever 1997 A you are convenient B you will be convenient C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you 2 No sooner than hardly when scarcely when 一一 就就 用于句首要求倒装用于句首要求倒装 1 The couple had no sooner got to the station the coach left 2009 A when B as C until D Than 考点考点 2 条件状语从句 条件状语从句 连接词 连接词 if unless so as long as on condition that 条件是 条件是 as so far as 据据 所知所知 provided that 要是 要是 如果 如果 in case 假使 如果假使 如果 only if 只有 等 只有 等 only if 只有只有 1 both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region 2004 A Only if will B If only would C Should will D Unless would unless 除非除非 1 You won t get a loan you can offer some security 1996 A lest B in case C unless D other than 2 I was very much mistaken there was something wr