Key to Unit 12 综合教程一

Unit 12 Gender Bias in Language Text analysis 1 Which two opinions are presented in the first paragraph There are those who believe that the language that we use everyday is biased in and of itself Then there are those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves 2 Which sentences in the conclusion show the writer s attitude In the last paragraph we find these sentences It is necessary for people to make the proper adjustments internally to use appropriate language to effectively include both genders We qualify language It is up to us to decide what we will allow to be used and made proper in the area of language Evidently they denote the writer s attitude toward what we should do about gender bias in language Structural analysis 1 What type of writing is the text This text is an expositive essay with reference to gender bias in language 2 What s the main strategy to develop this expositive essay The text is mainly developed by means of exemplification Examples are abundantly used in Paragraphs 2 6 3 Work out the structure of the text by completing the table Paragraph s Main idea 1The writer raises the issue to be discussed Is language the cause of the bias or is it reflective of the preexisting bias that the user holds 2 6The writer provides quite a number of typical examples to illustrate gender bias in language 7The writer makes his attitude or opinion clear on the issue of gender bias in language Key to the Exercises Text comprehension I Decide which of the following best states the author s purpose of writing D II Judge according to the text whether the following statements are true or false 1 T2 F3 F4 T5 T IV Explain in your own words the following sentences 1 Language is an intricate system capable of expressing subtle differences in meaning emotion attitude and so on 2 The words people choose to use in conversation show the prejudices they hold within themselves 3 Nilsen argues that at the beginning of a wedding ceremony when the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers I do sexual prejudice shows itself 4 To be born a man with the mark of male is almost like receiving grace a favor from God one doesn t actually deserve Vocabulary I Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words 1 consider take into consideration 2 by its very nature 3 men s superiority 4 the reason that leads to 5 begins to exercise an influence 6 in connection with II Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form 1 bias 2 perpetuate 3 oriented 4 achievements 5 exalts 6 misinterpreted 7 In reference to 8 yielded 9 tempers 10 supremacy III Choose a word that best completes each of the following sentences 1 5 CDABC 6 10 AABCD IV Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference in meaning between them 1 a bias b prejudice c bias d prejudice 2 a requested b claim c requestedd claim 3 a connectingb connected c attaches d attached 4 a instances b example c instances d example V Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used 1 strong mighty forceful 2 understand comprehend interpret 3 entertain cherish nurture 4 include embrace 5 unbiased just balanced 6 inferiority subservience 7 conventional common usual habitual 8 little small inconsiderable insignificant VI Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in capital letters 1 The aircraft can carry 480 people excluding the crew and cabin staff 2 His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion 3 The judge decided that allowing the videotape as evidence would be prejudicial to the outcome of the trial 4 It seems he s not solely to blame for the accident 5 The political disparity between the two communities is obvious 6 At the ceremony many speakers exalted his lifetime contribution to the movie industry 7 In the last two to three years drinkers have become more discerning and are now enjoying a wider variety of beer of better quality 8 The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year Grammar II Complete the following sentences using the appropriate relative words Use a preposition where necessary 1 that 2 who whom 3 that which 4 when at which 5 whereby in which by which 6 whose 7 why that 8 that 9 whom 10 that III Combine the two sentences in each group into one using a relative clause 1 The extra work she took on was starting to affect her health 2 Adam whose novel the TV series is based on will appear in the first episode 3 The trees which that were blown down in last night s storm are being cut down 4 Dorothy was able to switch between German Polish and Russian all of which she spoke fluently 5 The hurricane which caused such damage in the islands has now headed out to sea 6 The house which that is next to ours is for sale 7 Neil Smith whose parents are both teachers won first prize in the competition 8 They climbed up to the top of a large rock from which they got a good view IV Put the verbs into the most appropriate form 1 hear will suppose no longer wish 2 will cover 3 are you going 4 are going to invite 5 will be attended to 6 am going to watch Translation I Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1 甚至在亲属关系上 家中的男人常被称为 当家的 即便只不过是个四岁的娃儿 2 在美国文化里 女人的价值在于她身体的魅力 而男人的价值在于他的体力和成就 3 这说明 由于性别的原因 女人无法把握属于自己的一部分 却使得男人能够理所当 地获取并不属于他的东西 4 shrew 鼩鼱 这个单词原来指一种身体很小但特别恶毒的动物 但是 在尼尔森的词典里 shrew 的意思是一个 脾气极坏 骂骂咧咧的女人 II Translate the following sentences into English 1 I marvel at the poet s ability to express different nuances of feeling 2 Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies 3 As English majors we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle differences between word meanings 4 Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year 5 It is unfair to identify popular culture with vulgar culture 6 He believes that a person should be noble minded but not money oriented all the time 7 The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum 8 The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium 9 But for his personal visits to the third world countries he would not have believed such disparity in the living standards between the rich and the poor 10 No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB not even to the last day Integrated skills I Dictation A major topic of sociolinguistics is the connection if any between the structures vocabularies and ways of using particular languages and the social roles of the men and women who speak these languages Do the men and women who speak a particular language use it in different ways If they do do these differences arise from the structure of that language or alternately do any differences that exist simply reflect the ways in which the sexes relate to each other in that society whatever the reason These issues have generated a considerable amount of thought and discussion in the last decades of the twentieth century II Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate 1 restricted 2 where 3 when 4 items 5 drew 6 vocabulary 7 male 8 marked 9 with 10 source Writing Revise the following sentences to state their meaning in fewer words The following versions are for reference only Students may propose various versions of their own As long as they are grammatically correct and semantically sensible they are acceptable 1 Historically information theory was developed to find fundamental limits on compressing reliably communicating data 2 He dropped out of school to support his family 3 The bus company will probably announce its new schedule in the next few days 4 Rarely will you find someone who has never told a deliberate lie 5 Disobeying safety regulations causes trouble 6 Students think that the most important subjects are those that will be useful after graduation 7 Soon college freshmen must realize that they need to contact their advisors about their choices of majors 8 We don t know why the door was left open 9 When will a downturn in the stock market affect society 10 He failed in the examination because he did not work hard enough Listening Differences Between Boys and Girls Listen to a scientific report on differences between boys and girls Complete the following chart GirlsBoys Physical and mental developm