山东省2013年高考英语备考专题训练（3）阅读理解（教师版）

用心 爱心 专心 1 20132013 年高考英语备考专题训练 年高考英语备考专题训练 3 3 阅读理解 阅读理解 1010 套 套 第一套第一套 第三部分 阅读理解 共两节 40 分 第一节 共 15 小题 每小题 2 分 共 30 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑 A The Basics of Math Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra 代数 and beyond The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic They also look into exponents 指数 the order of operations and square roots In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations students discover why these operations work how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics and how these operations can be used practically Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students The lectures offer students the chance to make sense of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandable field of study By the conclusion of the course students will have improved their understanding of basic math They will be able to clear away the mystery 神秘性 of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined In addition they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges Professor H Siegel honored by Kentucky Educational Television as the best math teacher in America is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems he is master in making math lectures learner friendlier and less scary With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University Dr Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College His courses include various make up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer Or you can get your money back 56 What does the course Basic Math mainly cover A Algebra B College Mathematics C Arithmetic D Mathematics Education 57 What benefits can students expect from Basic Math 用心 爱心 专心 2 A Stronger imaginative ability B Additional presentation skills C More mathematical confidence D Greater chances of becoming teachers 58 What can we learn about Professor H Siegel A He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television B He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math C He works in Georgia State University D He specializes in training teachers 59 Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from A A news report B A book review C A lesson plan D An advertisement 答案及解析 56 C Basic Math 包括哪些方面 第二段中 The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic 57 C 第 4 段中 They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined 58 B 第五段中 he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious 59 D 最后一段中 If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer Or you can get your money back B Peanuts to This Proudly reading my words I glanced around the room only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes Confused I glanced toward my stone faced teacher Having no choice I slowly raised the report I had slaved over hoping to hide myself What could be causing everyone to act this way Quickly I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task This was the first real talk I received in my new school It seemed simple go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country I had never heard of that name before As I searched the name of this fellow it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts while the other led some sort of army across America I stared at the screen wondering which one my teacher meant I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice flip 掷 a coin Heads the commander and tails the peanuts guy Ah Tails my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter George Washington Carver Weeks later standing before this unfriendly mass I was totally lost Oh well I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk burning to find out what I had done wrong As a classmate began his report it all became clear My report is on 用心 爱心 专心 3 George Washington the man who started the American Revolution The whole world became quite How could I know that she meant that George Washington Obviously my grade was awful Heartbroken but fearless I decided to turn this around I talked to Miss Lancelot but she insisted No re dos no new grade I felt that the punishment was not justified and I believed I deserved a second chance Consequently I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year Ten months later that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster s office with my grandfather now having an entirely different conversation I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade Justice is sweet 60 What did the author s classmates think about his report A Controversial B Ridiculous C Boring D Puzzling 61 Why was the author confused about the task A He was unfamiliar with American history B He followed the advice and flipped a coin C He forgot his teacher s instruction D He was new at the school 62 The underlined word burning in Para 3 probably means A annoyed B ashamed C ready D eager 63 In the end the author turned things around A by redoing his task B through his own efforts C with the help of his grandfather D under the guidance of his headmaster 答案及解析 60 B B ridiculous 可笑的 第一段中 only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes 61 A 第二段中 Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country I had never heard of that name before 62 D I lowed down the paper and sat down at my desk 我不知道发生了什么 所以在 我发言后 希望知道为什么大家如此反应的原因 即 eager to find out what I had done wrong 63 B 第四段中 Consequently I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year C Decision making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative 负面的 consequences of a decision 用心 爱心 专心 4 The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways Stress affects how people learn says Professor Mara Mather People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress For example two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images 影像 with either rewards or punishments In one experiment some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience in the other some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water In both cases the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn t gone through the stress This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better but negative consequences are also easily recalled The research also found that stress appears to affect decision making differently in men and women While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress their responses to risk turn out to be different Men who had been stressed by the cold water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way In stressful situations in which risk taking can pay off big men may tend to do better when caution weighs more however women will win This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction 64 We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to A keep rewards better in their memory B recall consequences more effortlessly C make risky decisions more frequently D learn a subject more effectively 65 According to the research stress affects people most probably in their A ways of making choicesB preference for pleasure C tolerance of punishments D responses to suggestions 66 The research has proved that in a stressful situation A women find it easier to fall into certain habits B men have a greater tendency to slow down C women focus more on outcomes D men are more likely to take risks 答案及解析 用心 爱心 专心 5 64 A 第一段中 acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision 可知压力下的人们经常会 keep rewards better in their memory 65 A 第二段中 The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways 66 D 第七段中 Men who had been stressed by the cold water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way 可 以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险 D Wilderness In wilderness 荒野 is the preservation of the world This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out there is a strong appeal in images of the wild the untouched more than anything else they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong and the danger exploitation 开发 brings to such landscapes 景观 is real Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need the rainforests for example store carbon in vast quantities To Mr Sauven these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation Lee Lane a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute takes the opposing view He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services such as water conservation But that is not he argues a reason to avoid all human presence or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation There are ever more people on the Earth and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives rather than merely struggle for survival While the ways of using resources have improved there is still a growing need for raw materials and some wildernesses contain them in abundance If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide the argument goes there is no further reason not to do so Being untouched is not in itself a characteristic worth valuing above all others I look forwards to seeing these views taken further and to their being challenged by the other participants One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings but also the guidance of reason What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking 67 John Sauven holds that A many people value nature too much 用心 爱心 专心 6 B exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C wildernesses provide humans with necessities D the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong 68 What is the main idea of Para 3 A The exploitation is necessary for the poor people B Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials C Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation D All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally 69 What is the author s attitude towards this debate A Objective B Disapproving C Sceptical D Optimistic 70 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage A B C D CP Central PointP PointSp Sub point 次要点 C Conclusion 答案及解析 67 B 第二段中 The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real 68 C He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services but that is not a reason to avoid all human presence 69 A This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings but also the guidance of reason deserves much more serious thinking 70 D 总分总的结构类型 第二套 阅读理解 共 20 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 40 分 阅读下列短文 从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑 A Robert Todd Duncan was born in 1903 in the southern city of Danville Kentucky His mother was his first music teacher As a young man he continued his music study in Indianapolis Indiana In 1930 he completed more musical education at Columbia University in New York City Then he moved to Washington For fifteen years he taught music at Howard University in Washington At that time not many black musicians were known for writing or performing classical music Teaching at Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledge of classical European music with a mainly black student population He taught special ways to present the music These special ways became known as the Duncan Technique Besides teaching Duncan sang in several operas with performers who were all 用心 爱心 专心 7 black But it seemed that he always would be known mainly as a concert artist However his life took a different turn in the middle 1930s At that time the famous American music writer George Gershwin was looking for someone to play a leading part in his new work Porgy and Bess The music critic 评论家 of the New York Times newspaper suggested Todd Duncan Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be easy to get it But he changed his mind He sang a piece from an Italian opera for Gershwin He had sung only a few minutes when Gershwin offered him the part He became famous because of the part in Porgy and Bess Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist But his greatest love in music was teaching When he stopped teaching at Howard he continued giving singing lessons in his Washington home until the week before his death 56 What is this passage mainly about A What Robert Todd Duncan loved most B How Robert Todd Duncan became famous C Robert Todd Duncan and his works of music D A brief introduction to Robert Todd Duncan 57 According to Paragraph 2 while teaching at Howard University Duncan A discovered special new ways to write music B opened doors for other black classical singers C had the chance to know many famous black musicians D became known for writing and performing classical music 58 What happened to Duncan in the middle 1930s A He gave up teaching at Howard University B He was introduced by the New York Times in detail C He was asked to be in charge of the opera Porgy and Bess D He was given a big opportunity to become an opera singer 59 We can infer that Robert Todd Duncan didn t at first want to try for the part mainly because A he was too busy to do it B he was not interested in it C he was not confident enough D he didn t want to become famous 60 Based on the passage what did Robert Todd Duncan love most A Singing in concerts B Writing music C Singing opera D Teaching music 答案及解析 56 D 综合判断题 全文主要介绍了 Robert Todd Duncan 的经历 57 B 细节判断题 根据第二段的 Teaching at Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledge of classical European music with a mainly black student population 判断 58 D 细节判断题 根据 Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist But his greatest love 判断 59 C 细节判断题 根据 Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be easy to get it 判断 用心 爱心 专心 8 60 D 细节推理题 根据文章的第一 二段推断 B A baby born in India has been declared the world s seven billionth person by child rights group Plan International Baby Nargis was born at 07 25 local time 01 55GMT in Mall village in India s Uttar Pradesh state Plan International says Nargis has been chosen symbolically as it is not possible to know where exactly the seven billionth baby is born In addition to baby Nargis in India Bangladesh the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies The United Nations estimated that on Monday 31 October the world s population would reach seven billion Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia At the same time low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999 They predict nine billion by 2050 and ten billion by the end of the century China s population of one and a third billion is currently the world s largest India is second at 1 2 billion But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025 India will also have one of the world s youngest populations Economists say this is a chance for a so called demographic dividend India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time w