现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

1 一一 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由助动词 have has 动词的过去分词构成 has 用于第三人称单数 have 用于其他各种人称 二二 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 其用法主要有三种其用法主要有三种 I 已完成已完成 用法用法 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况 1 表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束 常和 just now already yet not yet 等不确定的时间状语连用 Li Ming has just turned off the light 李明刚刚把灯关上 说明现在灯关上了 I ve finished my homework now 现在我已经做完作业了 说明可以交作业或做 别的了 2 表示过去动作的结果 现在仍残留着 一般不用时间状语 I have lost my pen 我把笔丢了 说明过去某时丢的 现在我还没找到这支笔 She has become a teacher 她已经当了老师 说明她现在仍是老师 II 未完成未完成 用法 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始 持续到现在 可能继续用法 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始 持续到现在 可能继续 下去 也可能刚刚结束 下去 也可能刚刚结束 常和表示一段时间的状语连用 如 today this week month lately recently these days in the past few days during the last two weeks since since yesterday since 2 days ago since 1991 for a long time for a month so far up to now till until now 等 He has lived here for 30 years 他住在这儿三十年了 现在还住在这儿 They ve known each other since childhood 他们从小彼此相识 现在还在往来 How long have you studied English 你学英语多久了 现在仍在学 III 经验性用法经验性用法 表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次 出现的状态 出现的状态 常与频度副词如 often always every week twice 等连用 2 I have been to the Summer Palace twice 我曾经去过颐和园两次 He has always said so 他总是这么说 三三 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语 I 现在完成时属于现在时范围 故不能和过去的时间状语连用 现在完成时属于现在时范围 故不能和过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last Sunday in1990 three years ago 等 但是 在强调动作产生的后 果和影响时 可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用 a 用副词 already 和 yet already 一般用于肯定句中 yet 一般用于否定句和疑 问句中 如 We have already finished our homework 我们已完成作业了 They haven t finished their homework yet 他们还没有完成作业 b 用 ever 和 never 多用于否定或疑问句中 表示 曾经 或 从未 等 如 Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你曾经去过长城吗 I have never been to the Great Wall 我从未去过长城 c 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语 如 just before up to now the past few years 等 例如 I have seen her before but I can not remember where 我以前见过她 但记 不起在哪里见过 He has been there three times the last few days 近几天他去过那里三次了 d 用包括 现在 在内的时间状语 如 now today this morning month year term 等 例如 Have you met him today No I haven t 今天你见过他吗 我没有 How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次 II 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用 如 come go arrive reach hear close leave begin start lose buy fall join die get up 等 但如果要保留表 一段时间的时间状语 必须将动词改为延续性动词 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换 如 fall asleep ill be asleep ill 3 get to know know begin start be on open be open buy have get up be up die be dead go out be out come be in close be closed arrive be here join be in be a 名词 finish end be over leave move be away borrow keep go to school be a student catch a cold have a cold begin to study study come back be back put on wear 或 be on 如 He has been a soldier for three years 他参军三年了 His father has been dead for two years 他父亲去世二年了 The film has been on for 5 minutes 电影已开始五分钟了 We have studied English for three years 我们 开始 学英语已三年了 四四 几点注意事项几点注意事项 I have been to 与与 have gone to 的区别 的区别 have been to 表示 去过某地 现在已经回来了 可用于各人称 have gone to 表示 去某地了 说话时某人不在当地 常用于第三人称 前者可与 once never several times 等连用 后者则不能 如 They have been to Beijing twice 他们去过北京两次 He has gone to Beijing 他去北京了 II 不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式 已变成一种可以延续的状态 因此可不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式 已变成一种可以延续的状态 因此可 以和表示一段时间的状语连用 以和表示一段时间的状语连用 如 I haven t left here since 1997 自从 1997 年以来 我一直没有离开过这儿 错 I have received his letter for a month 对 I haven t received his letter for almost a month 练习 一 用 since 和 for 填空 1 two years 2 two years ago 4 3 last month 4 1999 5 yesterday 6 4 o clock 7 4 hours 8 an hour ago 9 we were children 10 lunch time 11 she left here 12 He has lived in Nanjing the year before last 13 I ve known him we were children 14 Our teacher has studied Japanese three years 15 She has been away from the city about ten years 16 It s about ten years she left the city 二 单项选择 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him A knew B have known C must know D will know 2 He has been to Shanghai has he A already B never C ever D still 3 Have you met Mr Li A just B ago C before D a moment ago 4 The famous writer one new book in the past two year A is writing B was writing C wrote D has written 5 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even A has changed well B changed good C has changed better D changed better 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years A was studying B will study C has studied D are studying 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl A know B had known C have known D knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twice A will see B have seen C saw D see 9 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there A will they go B did they go C do they go D have they gone 10 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago 5 A Did do finished B Have done finished C Have done have finished D will do finish 11 His father the Party since 1978 A joined B has joined C was in D has been in 12 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago A were B have been C have become D have made 13 How long have you here About two months A been B gone C come D arrived 14 Hurry up The play for ten minutes A has begun B had begun C has been on D began 15 It ten years since he left the army A is B has C will D was 16 Miss Green isn t in the office she to the library A has gone B went C will go D has been 17 My parents Shandong for ten years A have been in B have been to C have gone to D have been 18 The students have cleaned the classroom A so they B don t they C have they D haven t they 19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China A How soon comes B How often got C How long came D How far arrived 20 When he arrived at the bus stop the bus for 20 minutes A has left B had left C has been away D had been away 21 The factory since the February of 1988 A has been open B has opened C was open D opened 22 Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000 A have made B have been C made D have become 23 You mustn t until he comes back A be away B leave C be left 6 24 The meeting for a week now A has finished B has ended C has been over 25 Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years A has been in B has come to C has taught 26 Ben a teacher for 4 years A has been B has become C was D became 27 I home for a week A have returned B have been back C returned 三 用 never ever already just yet for since 填空 1 I have seen him before so I have no idea about him 2 Jack has finished his homework 3 Mr Wang has taught in this school ten years 4 Have you seen the film No I have seen it 5 Has the bus left Yes it has left 四 用适当的时态填空 1 She s live here ever since she was ten 2 Both of them be in Hongkong for ten days 3 Both of them come to Hongkong ten days ago 4 Half an hour pass since the train leave 5 Mary lose her pen you see it here and there 6 you find your watch yet 7 Are you thirsty No I just have some orange 8 We already return the book 9 they build a new school in the village 10 I not finish my homework Can you help me 11 My father read the novel twice 12 I buy a book just now 13 I lost my watch yesterday 14 My father read this book since yesterday 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 1 定义定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始 一直延续到现在 可能 还要继续下去 2 现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成 现在完成进行时是由 have has been 动词的现在分词 7 构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式 I We have been working 疑问式 Have you been working 简略回答 Yes I we have No I we haven t 肯定式 He She It has been working 疑问式 Has he she it been working 简略回答 Yes he she it has No he she it hasn t 4 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 1 在强调指出动作还未结束 还要继续下去 在强调指出动作还未结束 还要继续下去 如 I ve been reading this book for two hours but I haven t finished it 这本书我已读了两个小时了 但我还没读 完 I ve read this book 我已读完这本书了 2 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩 She has always been working like that 她一贯是这样工作的 3 现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情 现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情 We ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently 最近我们经常见面 5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1 现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性 现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性 它是现在完成时的强调形式 它是现在完成时的强调形式 试比较 We ve been living here for ten years We ve lived here for ten years 我们在这儿已经住了十年了 2 在不用时间状语的情况下 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 而现在完 在不用时间状语的情况下 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 而现在完 成时则表示动作在过去已结束 成时则表示动作在过去已结束 如 The students have been preparing for the exam 还在进行 学生们一直在准备考 试 The students have prepared for the exam 已经结束 学生们为考试作了准备 8 3 有些表示状态 感情 感觉的动词如 有些表示状态 感情 感觉的动词如 have exist like hate hear know sound 等动词不能