2011年高考英语语法专题复习VIP

第 1 页 共 64 页 语法专题语法专题 专题一专题一 冠词冠词 I 重点难点解析 重点难点解析 冠词是一种虚词 放在名词的前面 帮助说明名词的含义 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面 下 面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结 1 冠词的位置冠词的位置 考点 示例 1such what many rather quite a n 形容词 单数 可数名词 quite a small house 2how however so too as that this 十形容词 a u 单数可数名词 so nice a girl 3 both all half twice double the 名词twice the size of the room 4 half a n 或 a half 单数可数名词Half an hour a half hour 2 不定冠词不定冠词 考点 示例 1 表示泛指 与 any 同义 A square has four sides 2 表示数量 一 与 one 同义 但其数的概 念不如 one 强烈 He will be back in a week 3 表示 相同的 与 the same 同义 Birds of a feather flock together 4 表示 每一个 与 every each per 同义 I visit my father once a month 5 表示 某一 与 a certain 同义 A Mr Smith is waiting to see you 6 表示 像 似的 与 one like 同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class 7 用在某些物质名词前表示 一种 一阵 一份 一场 等 We had a heavy rain last night 8 用在某些抽象名词前 使其具体化 You are a great help to your mother 3 定冠词定冠词 考点示例 1 特指上文提到过的 谈话双方都清楚的 受定语修饰的人或物 There l met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a lot Do you know the man standing by the window 2用于单数名词前 指一类事物The lion is a wild animal 3用于乐器名称前the violin the piano 4用于世界上独一无二的事物前the sun the earth the world 5与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich the young the aged 6在字数词和最高级前the first one to come to school the best student in our class 7在江河湖海 山脉群岛 海峡海岸的地名 中 The Changjiang River the West Lake the English Channel 第 2 页 共 64 页 4 零冠词零冠词 考点 示例 1专用名词和不可数名词前China America Grade One Class Two 2名词前已有 this that my your some any 等 Go down this street 3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students I like reading stories 4成对名词连用时 day after day face to face 5在球类 棋类 学科 语言 三餐名词前play basketball play chess like physics speak English at lunch 6在季节 月份 某些含 Day 的节假日 星 期等名词前 Autumn is the best season in Beijing in May New Year s Day On Sunday 7在某些习惯用语中的名词前At noon by bus by telephone in bed in time go to bed go to college 5 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析英语中含有冠词的词组辩析 英语中有不少词组 从形式看好象只有冠词之差 而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组 1 in front of 在 外 的前面 in the front of 在 内 的前面 There s a garden in front of the classroom There s a blackboard in the front of the classroom 2 in charge of 掌管 负责 in the charge of 在 负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project The project is in the charge of an experienced worker 3 at table 在用饭 吃饭时 at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table They sat at the table talking and laughing 4 by day 白天 日间 by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day 5 take place 发生 举行 take the place 代替 接替 When did this conversation take place Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England 6 in words 用言语 in a word 总之 Please express your thought in words In a word I don t trust you 7 at times 有时 不时 at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times Pass me the bricks two at a time 8 little 少 不多的 a little 一些 一点点 Hurry up there s little time left Don t hurry you still have a little time 9 few 很少 几乎没有的 a few 有些 几个 He is a man of few words 8在表示姓氏的复数名词前 逢整十数词的 复数前 play the piano the Browns in the 1920s 9在表示国家的形容词前 泛指该国的人民 the Chinese the English 10用在一些习惯用语中in the morning the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next year 第 3 页 共 64 页 Only a few of the children can read 10 a most interesting 非常有趣的 the most interesting 最有趣的 形容词的最高级 This is a most interesting story This is the most interesting story of the three 11 a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there A doctor and a nurse are standing there 12 A number of 许多 好些 the number of 的 数目 A number of students are in the classroom The number of students in the classroom is forty II 实战演练 实战演练 一 一 用适当的冠词填空 不需要的划 用适当的冠词填空 不需要的划 1 Hello could I speak to Mr Smith Sorry wrong number There isn t Mr Smith here 2 I know you don t like music very much But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday 3 I knocked over my coffee cup It went right over keyboard You shouldn t put drinks near computer 4 Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor my father s advice was most important one 5 According to World Health Organization health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent spread of AIDS 6 For him stage is just means of making a living 7 I think it really honor for me to speak here 8 This lab used to be in charge of Mr Wang 9 I know there is Mr Smith next door who has gone on business 10 He devotes most of his time to football And I am sure he promises excellent footballer 11 Don t lose heart Please have second try 12 Those who are rich should help poor 13 When stealing the thief was caught by arm by a policeman 14 In some factories workers get paid by piece 15 It is a bad habit to go to work without breakfast 16 John is university student from European country 17 Teachers play active and important part in building up students character 18 Zhangs live on the second floor 19 Cotton is grown in north of China 20 It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound 21 A tower is seen in distance 22In case of fire please press red button 23 Shenzhen has population of more than 10 million 24 days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful 25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in leg 26He loved writing and his first novel was great success when it came out 27 My brother was born in spring of 1990 第 4 页 共 64 页 28 Mr Smith is most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help 29 How sweetly she sings I have never heard better voice 30 Beijing is second largest city in China 31 My trip to Tibet was really unforgettable experience 32 This watch is 18th century watch which has been passed down from my great grandpa 二 语法填空 在括号中填入适当的冠词 There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace Many artist tried The king looked at all 4 pictures But there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them One picture was of a calm lake The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace The other picture had mountains too But these were rugged and bare Above was 6 angry sky from which rain fell and in which lightning played Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled 翻腾 a foaming 水泡 waterfall This did not look peaceful at all But when the king looked closely he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest There in the midst of the rush of angry water sat the mother bird on her nest in perfect peace The king chose 10 second picture 答案 I 1 a 2 the 3 the a 4 the the 5 the the 6 the a 7 an 8 the 9 a 10 an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an II 1 a 2 the 3 the 4 the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10 the 第 5 页 共 64 页 专题二专题二 名词名词 I 重点难点解析 重点难点解析 名词的高考命题导向 名词的 可数 与 不可数 是高考命题的热点之一 不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用 之后不能 s 有些抽象名词却 有复数形式 但意义与原来的不同 有些可数名词复数有两个意思 一个与单数意义相同 另一个和单数含义不同 高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容 词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点 一 名词的分类及常见用法 个体名词teacher student piano功能 可数名词 集体名词family committee people 物质名词wood water steel 抽象名词friendship progress 不可数名 词 专有名词John Smith Beijing 一般由名词右上 方 s 以 s 结 尾的名词单复数 只加 表有生命的东西 或时间 空间 距离 价格 重量等名词 的所有格 如 Women s Day an hour s walk students reading room today s paper名词所有 格 介词 of 名词无生命的东西的 名词所有格 如 a map of China the top of the mountain 1 一般词后 sdays boys Americans 2 s x sh ch 结尾 esbuses dishes stomachs 除外 3 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i es babies factories 4 以 f 或 fe 结尾 变 f fe 为 v es leaves wives roofs proofs gulfs beliefs chiefs staffs safes 除外 5 以 o 结尾 有生命 es 无生命 s heroes potatoes pianos radios hippos bamboos 除外 规则变化 6 数字的复数 s 或 s in the 1930s 1930 s 1 改变词中元音字母woman women goose geese man men foot feet tooth teeth 2 形式复数 意义单 数 news maths politics economics 等 3 单复同形means deer sheep fish works 工厂 species Chinese 等 可数名词 的复数 不规则变 化 4 其它child children bacterium bacteria crisis crises ox oxen phenomenon phenomena 等 名词在句 中可做主 语 表语 宾语 宾 语补足语 定语 同 位语或状 语 二 名词其他需要注意的几点 第 6 页 共 64 页 1 名词的数名词的数 1 复合名词变为复数的规则 有主体名词的复数形式 lookers on passers by 等 和无主体名词的复数形式 grown ups go betweens 等 2 集体名词的数 有些集体名词只能用作复数 如 cattle police people 等 注意注意 people 意为 民族 种族 时有单 复数形式 有些集体名词只能用作单数 如 machinery furniture jewellery mankind 等 有些集体名词作为整体看待时 用作单数 指其中各个成员时 用作复数 如 class family couple audience government public 等 The whole family are watching TV now 全家人现在都在看电视 His family is a big one 他家是个大家族 3 只能用复数形式的名词 由两部分构成的名词 glasses trousers shorts scissors gloves scales compasses 等 4 the 姓氏的复数 表全家人 the Blacks the Wangs 5 具有双重特性的名词 1 意义不同的可数和不可数名词 a room 房间一 room 空间 a chicken 鸡一 chicken 鸡肉 an experience 经历一 experience 经验 an agreement 协议一 agreement 同意 2 单 复数意思不同的名词 arm 手臂一 arms 武器 brain 脑一 brains 智力 custom 风俗一 customs 海关 force 力量一 forces 军队 regard 注意 关心一 regards 问候 time 时间一 times 时代 work 工作一 works 作品 工厂 manner 态度一 manners 礼貌 spirit 精神一 spirits 心情 情绪 content 内容一 contents 目录 loss 损失一 losses 损失物 condition 状况一 conditions 条件 expression 表达一 expressions 短语 feeling 感觉一 feelings 感情 wood 木头一 woods 树林 2 名词的所有格名词的所有格 1 表示两者或两者以上共同所有 在最后一个词的后面加 s 表示各自拥有时 每个名词后都要 s 如 Li and Ma s room 李和马共有的房间 Li s and Ma s rooms 李和马各自的房间 2 表某人家或店铺 诊所 如 Li s 李家 the doctor s 诊所 the barber s 理发店 3 所有格除了用于有生命的物体外 也可以用于表示国家 城市等的名词 如 China s prosperity 中国的繁荣 the country s plan 国家计划 4 of 所有格也可用于有生命的物体 用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时 如 a story of a famous doctor 一个名医的故事 the son of the man you iust talked to 刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子 5 双重所有格 of 名词的 s 所有格或名词性物主代词 称为双重所有格 of 后的宾 语必须是人 而且是特指 如 an old friend of my uncle s 我叔叔的一个老朋友 a play of Shakespeare s 莎士比亚的一部戏剧 some houses of my grandfather s 我爷爷的一些房子 3 名词作定语名词作定语 1 一般用单数形式 如 country music 乡村音乐 shoe shops 鞋店 traffic lights 交通灯 注意 sports customs arms clothes sales goods 作定语时 要用复数形式 如 sports meeting 运动会 customs officiers 海关官员 arms production 武器生产 2 man 和 woman 作定语时 与中心词一起变 如 men doctors 男医生 women teachers 女老师 II 实战演练 实战演练 第 7 页 共 64 页 一 用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空 1 There are fifty six people in China 2 We need much room for all the furniture 3 This kind of dress was popular in the 1980 4 girl students and woman teachers are in the majority in our school 5 There used to be a lot of milu deer in China 6 These are art work of the Tang Dynasty 7 child shoes are on the second floor of this store department 8 We can see many editor in chief present at the conference 9 I had my hair cut short at the barber nearby yesterday 10 On the whole he was a fail in his life 11 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise 12 Now more and more people prefer to have a at home a little dog a cat or some other animals 13 My parents always let me have my own of living 14 We volunteered to collect money to help the of the earthquake 15 We all know that speak louder than words 答案 1 peoples 2 room3 1980s 1980 s 4 Girl women 5 deer6 works7 Children s 8 editors in chief9 barber s 10 failure11 lack12 pet 13 way14 victims 15 actions 二 语法填空 Charles Pink was a young 1 Canada who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself Every Saturday he went to the theatre and 2 party His car was one of the best in his city He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 enjoy One day about thirty 5 yearly ago he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 Mexican At first everything went well but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed Fortunately Pink was flying at a good 8 high when the bad thing happened and he had time to find a place to land Below him he could see a number of 9 field which looked nice enough to land on and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 答案 1 Canadian 2 parties 3 a 4 enjoyments 5 years 6 Mexico 7 the 8 height 9 fields 10 them 三 完形填空 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 然后从 21 30 各题所给的 A B C 和 D 项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑 Do some FL Foreign Language reading every day and try to finish one FL book at least every week You are no doubt 21 with little spare time and this may sound unrealistic But if you read in the 22 described it is perfectly possible The key is to be honest with yourself about 23 you really enjoy thrillers women s magazines newspapers it really doesn t matter what you read as 24 as it genuinely interests you because that is the only certain way to make yourself read It is 25 to reach good speeds by practising on material that is difficult or dull If you pursue this program for only few months you should achieve a very marked increase in your reading 26 What you do with your FL reading skill when you have developed it is to study for a further qualification The 27 is that in order to develop the 28 a great deal of practice on easy interesting materials is essential If you can 29 this to yourself by developing your own reading skill by this method your teaching will carry the certainty that comes only from 30 21 A bored B helpless C free D busy 22 A key B problem C way D job 23 A which B when C whoD what 24 A much B good C longD well 第 8 页 共 64 页 25 A impossible B possible C necessaryD easy 26 A efficiency B effects C methodD capacity 27 A question B point C ideaD problem 28 A habit B idea C skill D task 29 A realize B tell C improveD prove 30 A work B experience C theoryD doing 21 30 DCDCA ABCDB 专题三专题三 代词代词 I 重点难点解析 重点难点解析 代词是代替名词的一种词类 大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能 英语中的代词 按其意义 特征及在句中的 作用分为 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 相互代词 疑问代词 关系代词和不定代词八种 代词类别例 词功 能 主格I you he she it we you they只做主语人称 代词宾格me you him her it us you them做及物动词或介词的宾语 形容词性my your his her its our your their只做定语物主 代词名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs做主语 宾语 表语 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 做宾语 同位语 表语 指示代词this that these those做主语 宾语 定语 表语 相互代词each other one another做宾语 疑问代词who whom what which whose etc 引出疑问句 关系代词that who whom whose etc 连接定语从句 不定代词 some any no either neither all none each somebody no one everybody etc 视情况而定 一般的可做定语 主 语 宾语等 下面举例说明 其中疑问代词见 句子种类 关系代词见 定语从句 一一 人称代词的用法人称代词的用法 1 作主语 用主格 作宾语用宾格 She teaches us English 2 在句中作表语 常用宾格 Who is it It s me 但有时用主格 If I were she I would t go there It was I who told him about it 二二 物主代词的用法物主代词的用法 1 形容词性物主代词 只作定语 This is our classroom His father is an engineer 2 名词性物主代词 所作成分例句 1作主语This is her coat Mine is over there 2宾语Something has gone wrong with my bike May I use yours 3表语This book isn t mine it s Tom s 说明 第 9 页 共 64 页 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词 而汉语中往往省略不译 如 Jack took off his coat and went to bed 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了 of 名词性物主代词 可用作定语 如 Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴 三三 反身代词反身代词 所作成分例句 动宾Tom taught himself Chinese 1 宾语 介宾She loves me for myself not for my money 2表语She is not quite herself today be oneself 身心自在 3同位语I myself can repair the bike The table itself has only three legs 四四 指示代词的用法指示代词的用法 1 时空的差别 e g There is this seat here near me or there is that one in the fourth row Which will you have this or that 2 This 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别 E g I shall say this to you he is a poor man He was ill That s why he didn t come 3 that 和 those 用于表比较的结构 The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here 4 打电话时 this 表示我 that 表示你 五五 不定代词的用法不定代词的用法 可数one each many both another either neither a few 不可数much a little 可数不可数none any other all some 复合不定代词 anyone anybody anything someone somebody something everyone everybody everything nobody nothing 1 none no one nothing 的用法区别 1 none 既可指人 也可指物 且一定是特指概念 常用来回答 how many much 引导的疑问句 no one 只能指人 且只能是泛指概念 常用来回答 who 引导的疑问句 nothing 什么也没有 否定一切 常用来回答 what 引导的疑 问句 如 How many people are there in the room now None Who is in the room No one nobody 2 none 后面可加 of 引导的介词短语 而 something anything everything nothing someone anyone everyone no one 却不能 2 each 和 every 1 each 强调 个体 起代词和形容词作用 every 强调 全体 只能作定语 Each 作同位语时 不影响谓语动词的 数 不可用 not each 来表示部分否定 而 not every 表示部分否定 如 The tickets each cost ten dollars 这些票每张十美元 each 作同位语 不能用 costs 2 every 还可表示 每 的 每 中的 如下列说法中只能用 every every year or two 每一两年 第 10 页 共 64 页 every now and then 时常 every other day 每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys 每十个男孩中选一个 one car to every 20 people 每 20 人乘一辆车 3 another other the other others the others 的用法一览表 不定代词意义用法说明 another 任何一个 另一个 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个 用作代词或形容词 如 I don t like this coat Show me another please other另外的 只作定语 常与复数名词或不可数名词连用 但如果前面有 the this that some any each every no one 及 my your his 等时 则可与单数名词连用 如 any other plant every other day the other 两者中的 另一个 常与 one 连用 构成 one the other 一个 另一个 作定语修饰复数 名词时 表示 全部其余的 others 泛指别的 人或物 是 other 的复数形式 泛指别的人或物 但不是全部 不能作定语 构成 some others the others 特指其余 的人或物 是 the other 的复数形式 特指其余的人或物 4 Both all either any neither none 的用法 都任何都不 两者both eitherneither 两者 以上 all any none 如 1 I had to buy all these books because I didn t know which one was the best 2 It is easy to do the repair All you need is a hammer and some nails 3 I invited Joe and Linda to dinner but neither of them came 4 Which of the three ways shall take to the village Any way as you please 5 We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any 5 one ones the one the ones that those one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词 是泛指概念相当于 a an 单数名词 ones 用来替代前面出现的复数名词 有时 可用 that 代替 尤其在有后置定语的情况下 The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词 有时可用 those 代替 尤 其在有后置定语的情况下 that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词 相当于 the 单数 不 可数名词 如 Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present one a present that I have never seen Mr Zhang gave me many valuable presents ones many presents that I have never seen The book on the desk is better than that the one under the desk The books on the desk are better than those the ones under the desk 6 it 的用法 用法说明 例句 1用作人称代词 指代前面提到的事物This is not my book It is Mary s 2用来代替指示代词 this 或 that What s this It is a dictionary Whose jacket is that It is hers 3指人 Who is knocking at the door It s me The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother 第 11 页 共 64 页 4指时间 距离 天气 环境等 What s the time now It s ten past eight It s getting colder and colder now It s about ten minutes walk from my home to the school It was very quiet at the moment 5指代前面整个句子的内容Our team won the football match Have you heard about it 6表示 喜欢 恨 等心理方面的动词 后 面跟上 it 然后再跟从句 其从句作 it 的同位语 I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand I hate it when people talk with their mouths full I li