2012届高考英语 专题总复习精选荟萃阅读简答系列（二）

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语专题总复习精选荟萃阅读简答系列 二 届高考英语专题总复习精选荟萃阅读简答系列 二 Passage 1 Like fine food good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last And good writers good cooks do not suddenly appear full blown Quite the contrary just as the cook has to undergo an intensive and hardworking training mastering the skills of his trade the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing whatever its purpose schoolwork matters of business or purely social communication You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort the more effective the writing and the more rewarding There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe 抄写员 to do his her business or social writing for a fee There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note But for most of us if there is any writing to be done we have to do it ourselves We have to write school papers business papers or home papers We are constantly called on to put words to paper It would be difficult to count the number of such words messages letters and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand but the daily figure must be enormous What is more everyone who writes expects or at least hopes that his writing will be read We want to arouse and hold the interest of the readers We want whatever we write to be read from first word to last not just thrown into some letters to be read file 档案 or into a wastepaper basket This is the reason we make our efforts towards learning and practicing the skills of interesting effective writing 1 What is good writing compared to in this passage and why No more than 10 words 2 Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word painstaking 3 According to the author if your letter is thrown into some letters to be read file what will be likely to happen No more than 6 words 4 What s the main idea of this passage No more than 8 words 答案解析 1 Fine food Because they are both enjoyable 由文章的主题句 首段首句 Like fine food good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last 可知答案 2 Hardworking 由第一段中对好的书写者和好厨师之间的共性所进行的比较可知 两者都不是一蹴而就的 用心 爱心 专心 2 都需要付出艰辛 首段尾句中的画线词 painstaking 和段中出现的 hardworking 是同义词 3 It is likely to be forgotten It may not be read 由文章最后一段的后半部分内容可知 每一位书写者都希望自己写的东西会激起或保持读者 的兴趣 会有人读 而不是被扔进废纸篓无人理会 4 A brief introduction of good writing Passage 2 Marti Sementelli has been a baseball player since preschool throwing plastic balls and swinging a tiny wood bat from the time she was 3 years old She was a solid player at every youth level and sometimes a star In 2007 Nike even featured the young Californian in a TV commercial Despite her experience Sementelli now 16 had a hard time finding a high school that would allow her to try out for the boys baseball team Two parochial schools 教会学校 near her family s home in North Hollywood said no and several public schools were lukewarm 冷淡的 to the idea Finally she found Burbank High School where she s now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team Sementelli s story is not unique Across the country girls devoted to baseball and with as many seasons of youth ball under their belts as their male teammates are finding it isn t easy to stay in the sport when they reach high school Biology does play a role in the situation Boys especially older ones often have an edge over girls in size and strength allowing them to throw harder and swing with greater force But girls say that the toughest battles are not about capabilities but against the traditional attitude that baseball is for boys Most people just are incapable of seeing beyond what s easy says Jennifer Ring the author of Stolen Bases Why American Girls Don t Play Baseball and a professor at the University of Nevada Reno It is much neater if we say boys play baseball and girls play other sports In at least one state Massachusetts girls are prevented from trying out for boys baseball in high schools that also offer softball Nebraska dropped its ban last year and in January Indiana removed its ban after being sued 控告 by the parents of Logan Young a 15 year old aspiring catcher and freshman at Bloomington South High School 1 When did Sementelli begin to play baseball No more than 6 words 2 Where did Sementelli stay in a baseball team No more than 6 words 3 What does the author think about girls capabilities in baseball No more than 10 words 4 Where are girls allowed to play baseball No more than 4 words 答案解析 1 When she was three 用心 爱心 专心 3 由首段首句 Marti Sementelli has been a baseball player since preschool throwing plastic balls and swinging a tiny wood bat from the time she was 3 years old 可 知答案 2 In Burbank High School 由第三段尾句 Finally she found Burbank High School where she s now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team 可知答案 3 They are not as strong and powerful as boys 由第五段首句 Biology does play a role in the situation Boys especially older ones often have an edge over girls in size and strength allowing them to throw harder and swing with greater force 可知答案 作者认为造成现状的原因是生理方面的 因素 女孩子不如男孩子强壮和有力量 4 In Nebraska and Indiana 由最后一段可知在 Nebraska 和 Indiana 允许中学女生参与这一运动项目 Passage 3 Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier have better marriages and have more respectable occupations Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs Even judges are softer on attractive defendants 被告 But in the administrative circle beauty can become a liability Although attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the administration ladder it is harmful to a woman Handsome male administrators were considered to be more honest than plainer men though effort and ability were also thought to account for their success Attractive female administrators were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones and very often their success was believed to be connected not to ability but to factors such as luck Why are attractive women not thought to be able An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine 女性的 and an attractive man more masculine 男性的 than the less attractive woman Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs but in a traditionally masculine position an attractive woman appears to lack the masculine qualities required This is true even in politics When the only clue is how he or she looks people treat men and women differently says Anne Bowman who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs one of men and one of women in order of attractiveness Then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices They were asked to rank them again in the order they would vote for them The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men but the women who had been ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes 1 What do people think of attractive female administrator s success according to Paragraph 3 No more than 14 words 用心 爱心 专心 4 2 According to this passage in what jobs do attractive women have their advantages No more than 5 words 3 Find in the passage a word which has the opposite meaning to the underlined word 4 What is the main idea of the passage No more than 12 words 答案解析 1 Their success is considered to be connected not to ability but to luck 根据文章第三段第一句可知答案 2 In traditionally female jobs 由第三段最后一句 Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs 可知答案 3 Advantage 本文开始讲了美的好处 由 but 和下句的 it is harmful to a woman 可知 liability 的意 思是 不好 有害 文中第三段最后一句出现了 advantage 可以作为画线单词的反义词 4 The passage mainly talks about the advantages and disadvantages of being beautiful 本文通过分析美在男性和女性工作方面的影响而说明了美的优点和缺点 Passage 4 The worst US economic recession 萧条 in 70 years is forcing senior citizens out of retirement leaving them fighting for jobs in a weak labor market or risking homelessness A study by Experience Works released on Tuesday showed 46 percent of the 2 000 low income people over 55 years who participated needed to find work to keep their homes Nearly half of them had been searching for work for more than a year These people are at the age where they understandably thought their job searching years were behind them said Cynthia Metzler president and CEO of Experience Works But here they are many in their 60s 70s and beyond desperate to find work so they can keep a roof over their heads and food on the table According to the study many of the participants had no intention of working past their 60th birthday but had to change plans after being dismissed or following the death of the partner Over a third of the participants had retired Ninety percent of respondents 76 years and older planned to continue working for the next five years Huge medical bills due to a personal illness or that of a spouse 配偶 were also reasons for coming out of retirement the survey found The longest and deepest economic slump since the 1930s is making finding a job for the low income elderly workers a difficult challenge The Experience Works study found that 46 percent of the elderly job seekers were sometimes forced to choose between paying rent buying food or medication 用心 爱心 专心 5 Almost three quarters believed their age made it harder to compete for jobs with younger workers This study underscores calls for the need to create policies that remove barriers to employment for older workers and provide additional programs and services specifically aimed at helping older people reenter the work force or remain working said Metzler 1 What has caused the American retired senior citizens back to work No more than 8 words 2 Why is it hard for the elderly job seekers to find a job No more than 13 words 3 Use several words to describe the possible feelings of the elderly job seekers No more than 4 words 4 What might be the solution to the problem according to the study No more than 12 words 答案解析 1 The worst US economic recession in 70 years 由文章首段 The worst US economic recession 萧条 in 70 years is forcing senior citizens out of retirement leaving them fighting for jobs in a weak labor market or risking homelessness 可知答案 2 Because their age made it hard to compete for jobs with younger workers Because they are too old to compete for jobs with younger workers 由第八段尾句 Almost three quarters believed their age made it harder to compete for jobs with younger workers 可知答案 3 Desperate worried obliged upset 综合第四至八段的描述可知答案 第四段核心信息词为 desperate 由第五段中的 many of the participants had no intention of working past their 60th birthday but had to change plans 和第六段可以意识到老人们重新找工作是被迫的 obliged 和无奈的 由第七段中的 making finding a job for the low income elderly workers a difficult challenge 以及第八段尾句 Almost three quarters believed their age made it harder to compete for jobs with younger workers 可知他们是忧虑的 worried 不 安的 upset 4 Suitable policies should be made to help the elderly work Policies to help old people with their work should be created 由尾段可知答案 Passage 5 Even bird brains can get to know an entire continent but it takes them a year of migration to do so suggests a Princeton research team The scientists have shown that migrating adult sparrows can find their way to their winter nesting grounds even after being thrown off course by thousands of 用心 爱心 专心 6 miles The team first brought 30 sparrows to Princeton from northern Washington State where the birds had been in the process of migrating southward from their summer breeding grounds in Alaska Half the birds were juveniles 少年 of about three months in age that had never migrated before while the other half were adults that had made the round trip to their wintering site in the south western United States at least once After the birds were released they attempted to start their migration again but both age group grew disoriented 迷失方向 quickly All the birds scattered 分散 at first Wikelski said It was clear that they were turned around for a couple of days But while the adults eventually realized they had to head southwest the younger birds began flying straight southward again as though they were still in Washington The adults said team member Richard Holland recovered their bearings because they possess something the younger birds do not which is an internal map These birds need two things to know where they are and migrate effectively a map and a compass said Holland a postdoctoral research associate in Wikelski s lab What we ve found is that juveniles use their compass but the adults also use their map Holland said The birds do not lose the compa