2012届高考英语 专题总复习精选荟萃阅读填空系列（一）VIP

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语专题总复习精选荟萃阅读填空系列 一 届高考英语专题总复习精选荟萃阅读填空系列 一 Directions Read the following passage Complete the diagram Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer Passage 1 Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years long before the appearance of dinosaurs There are now about 360 species of sharks whose size behavior and other characteristics differ widely Sharks range in size from the 6 inch long dwarf dog shark to the 60 foot long whale shark the world s biggest fish The whale sharks like two other large shark species the basking shark and the mega mouth shark are harmless to people because they feed on plants and small aquatic animals Every year we catch and kill over 100 million sharks mostly for food and for their fins Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup which sells for as much as 50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear Sharks are vulnerable 脆弱的 to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring While sharks are seen as people eating monsters they help save human lives In addition to providing people with food they are helping us in cancer They are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer A research shows that chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals Their highly effective immune system 免疫系统 also allows wound to heal quickly and yet they are not infected Sharks are needed in the world s ocean ecosystems Although they don t need us we need them We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us For every shark that bites a person we kill one million sharks Title 1 Origin of sharks Time to appear 2 Species 360 3 Dwarf dog sharks 6 inches long Whale sharks 4 5 of being caught and killed For food For sport 6 Functions Helping us to prevent 7 Allowing wound to heal quickly 8 9 We are 10 sharks 答案解析 1 Sharks 文中出现频率最高的词往往和主旨有联系 很明显本文是一篇关于鲨鱼的说明文 2 450 000 000 450 million years ago 信息来自于第一段 Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years 但是 用心 爱心 专心 2 要进行信息转换 因为题目要求填写鲨鱼出现的时间 3 Size s 本题考查概括性词汇 在第二段开头出现了 4 60 feet long 解题信息来自第二段中的 the 60 foot long whale shark 须与表格中的 6 inches long 对 称 改成 60 feet long 5 Causes 考查概括性词汇 此题需要对本段进行理解然后概括 6 Out of fear 解题信息来自于 mostly for food and for their fins Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear 从表格中可见 三种原因属并列关系 7 cancer 解题信息来自于 In addition to providing people with food they are helping us in cancer 8 without being becoming infected 解题信息来自于 Their highly effective immune system also allows wound to heal quickly and yet they are not infected 此题有较高的转换要求 9 Conclusion 考查学生的归纳能力 10 in need of 解题信息来源于最后一段中的 Sharks are needed in the world s ocean ecosystems Passage 2 Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories hidden in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail But new research suggests that women who regularly consume fair amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than non drinkers and are at lower risk for fat The findings are based on a study of 19 220 United States women aged 39 or older who at the start of the study fell into the normal weight category based on their body mass index 身体质量指数 Researchers tracked the women s drinking habits over 13 years About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol Over the course of the study 41 percent of the women became overweight or fat Although alcohol is packed with calories about 150 in a six ounce glass of wine the non drinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time nine pounds on average compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular mild drinkers The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day compared with non drinkers The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol Although mild drinking is associated with better heart health regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn t appear to hold true for men A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight 用心 爱心 专心 3 than non drinkers There may be differences in how men and women metabolize 代 谢 alcohol Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol they experience little if any metabolic change But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman s metabolism The findings don t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight Other research shows that once a person is already overweight her alcohol metabolism is more efficient and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean woman The data do however suggest that for many women facing weight problems the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks Title Women Who Drink Gain 1 Widely known advice Stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories 2 subjects 19 220 United States women aged 39 or older of normal weight about 60 percent light or regular drinkers about 40 percent 3 4 41 percent becoming overweight or fat non drinkers gaining more weight over time 9 pounds on average 5 gaining about three pounds on average compared with non drinkers women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day almost 30 percent 6 to become fat women being 7 men in metabolism Confusing fact Mild drinking may 8 to better heart health but it also increases breast cancer risk 9 Women should not rush to drink alcohol to lose weight VI Conclusion For women with 10 alcoholic drinks are probably not the cause of extra calories 答案解析 1 Less Weight 由第一段最后一句及下文的研究结果可知饮酒的妇女不发胖 2 Experimental Tracked Investigated Analyzed 由第二段第一句可知实验 跟踪 调查 分析 的对象是 39 岁以上的正常体重的妇女 3 non drinkers 由第二段最后一句可知 40 的是不饮酒的妇女 该名词形式在第三段多次出现 4 Findings 此题考查概括性词汇 在文中 2 4 6 段都出现了该词 5 regular mild drinkers 由第三段第二句可知 在调查中发现定期饮酒的妇女的体重平均增加了 3 磅 6 less likely 由第三段最后一句可知 与不饮酒的妇女相比 在一天里喝一 两次酒的妇女变胖的可能性 用心 爱心 专心 4 几乎减少了 30 7 different from 由倒数第二段第三句可知 男女在代谢方面可能是不同的 此题需要对信息进行加工 8 contribute be related be linked 由第四段最后一句可知 虽然饮酒对心脏有好处 但也提高了患癌症的风险 9 Suggestion 考查概括性词汇 由 should 可知 文中是建议的口吻 10 weight problems 由文章最后一句可知 这是直接信息题 Passage 3 On 3 March 2009 a package of reforms about ATM charge designed to improve competition in the Australian ATM system came into effect Specifically the reforms have made it easier for new providers of ATM services to enter the market and have provided ATM owners with the freedom to charge customers for the use of ATMs Furthermore the reforms have increased the transparency of ATM fees by ensuring that the fee charged by the ATM owner is displayed prior 在 之前 to the transaction 交易 being finished with the customer given the opportunity to cancel the transaction at no cost One element of the reforms is the removal of interchange fees that card issuers paid to ATM owners when cardholders used ATMs that did not belong to their financial institution These fees were often passed on with a huge profit by card issuers to cardholders in the form of a foreign fee With the removal of interchange fees the cost to card issuers when their customers use an ATM belonging to another unit has fallen reducing the need to charge foreign fees Following the reforms an ATM owner can charge a cardholder directly for an ATM transaction When the ATM owner charges such a fee it must be disclosed before the cardholder withdraws the cash or makes a balance enquiry and it doesn t apply if the transaction is cancelled before completion And an ATM owner could impose direct charges on all customers including its own if it s also a financial institution Before the reforms an interchange fee was paid by the cardholder s financial institution to the ATM owner whenever a foreign ATM transaction was undertaken And now the interchange fee paid has been cancelled and in line with this foreign fees have also fallen In some cases including two of the major banks foreign fees were reduced to zero Title 1 Time of 2 on 3 March 2009 3 to improve competition in the Australian ATM system 4 Making it easier for new 5 to enter the market Offering ATM owners the freedom to charge customers for 6 7 of ATM fees 8 that card issuers paid to ATM owners when cardholders used ATMs not 用心 爱心 专心 5 belonging to their financial institution A cardholder being charged directly for an ATM transaction An ATM owner being able to 9 on all customers 10 of interchange fee Before the reforms often being charged by the cardholder s financial institution After the reforms having fallen and some being reduced to zero 答案解析 1 ATM Charge Reforms 通读全文可知 本文主要告诉我们 ATM 自动提款机收费改革的情况 2 coming into effect becoming effective 由第一段第一句可知收费改革的生效时间是 2009 年 3 月 3 号 3 Purpose Aim Goal Intention 由第一段第一句的句意可知 to improve competition in the Australian ATM system 是改 革的目的 4 Advantages Benefits Good effects Good results 由第一段内容可知下面所列举的是这次改革所带来的种种益处 5 ATM services providers 由第一段第二句可知答案 6 using ATMs 由第一段第二句可知 ATM 业主可以向 ATM 的使用者自由收费 7 Increasing transparency 由第一段第三句可知这次改革也提高了 ATM 收费的透明度 8 Removing interchange fees 由第二段第一句可知 这次改革也取消了发卡机构付给 ATM 业主的交换费 9 impose direct charges 由倒数第二段最后一句可知 ATM 业主可以直接把费用加在消费者身上 10 Comparison Contrast 由下文的 Before the reforms 和 And now 可知是把改革前后的交换费做了比较 对照 Passage 4 Worldwide women are twice as likely to suffer from insomnia 失眠症 as men but a new study suggests that a more educated woman is less likely to lose sleep Researchers say that although biology is important in affecting insomnia risk the results suggest that social factors such as educational achievement may also play a minor role In the study researchers surveyed nearly 40 000 men and women in Taiwan Overall women averaged 1 25 points higher on the insomnia scale than men regardless of socioeconomic status However the study also showed that insomnia was more common among both men and women who are in these categories Older Divorced Separated Poor health Smoker 用心 爱心 专心 6 Low income Living with children at home In contrast the study showed that students and regular exercisers tended to report better sleep quality Researchers say some of these social factors appeared to affect women more strongly For example unemployment and being divorced or separated had a more negative effect on women s sleep quality and increased their risk of insomnia But although higher educational achievement improved women s sleep quality at night researchers found it had the opposite effect on men Researchers say social factors can t fully explain the differences between the sexes in insomnia risk and sleep disturbances and these findings need further study Title Educated Women 1 The more educated a woman is 2 she is to lose sleep 答案解析 1 Sleep Better 本文是关于文章主旨的一个题 需要进行简单的概括 2 the less likely 从文中第一段可以找到信息原文 a more educated woman is less likely to lose sleep 但是此题需要进行信息转换 3 Factors 考查概括性词汇 4 Social factors 信息来自于倒数第二段 Researchers say some of these social factors appeared to affect women more strongly 5 unemployment 信息来自于文章倒数第二段 For example unemployment and being divorced or separated had a more negative effect on women s sleep quality and increased their risk of insomnia 6 Categories 信息来自于文章第三段 However the study also showed that insomnia was more common among both men and women who are in these categories 7 Low income 用心 爱心 专心 7 此题可直接从文中找到信息 无需进行信息转换 8 regular exercisers 信息来自于倒数第二段第一句 In contrast the study showed that students and regular exercisers tended to report better sleep quality 9 Conclusion 考查概括性词汇 10 needed 从最后一段最后一句可以找到信息 these findings need further study 需要进行信息 转换 Passage 5 A technical secondary school in Nanjing east China s Jiangsu Province planned to order Korean style school uniforms for students but parents opposed the move believing that the new uniforms looked too good and would encourage early romances among the students the Jinling Evening Paper reported Monday Parents My daughter was so excited about the Korean style uniform saying it s her dream to wear miniskirt to school every day a mom surnamed Cheng complained My daughter also called her classmates to talk about how handsome the boys looked in the uniform Cheng looked on the Internet and found that most Korean schoolboy uniforms are similar to western suits They are so handsome My daughter is a fan of Korean fashion that s why she is crazy about the uniform Cheng said If the students wear such beautiful uniforms how can they study well I prefer the sportswear which makes me think of health and positive thinking School The plan to change the current school uniform from sportswear has been cancelled an employee of the school told the Jinling Evening Paper The students dislike the current uniform so the school took advice from the students last November knowing that most of students prefer Korean or Japanese style school uniforms We know cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou have changed their sportswear school uniforms to more fashionable uniforms an employee surnamed Lin said However we had to stop the plan because many parents are strongly against it Some parents think it s just a way for the school to make money and others think the new uniforms will take students attention away from their studies Lin said When asked about the possibility of problems with early romance between students because of the more fashionable uniforms Lin said he hadn t considered it He however agreed that the Korean style uniform makes the students more charming Students The students are very disappointed about the school s final decision They think the sports wear uniforms make them look androgynous 难分性别 They said the Korean style uniform has many advantages such as raising interest 用心 爱心 专心 8 in class lifting confidence improving solidarity and creating good temperaments As for concerns about romance the students believe that love is love and bears no relationship to the uniform Education department We don t have a unified 统一的 standard for school uniforms The schools can choose their own styles Either sportswear or uniforms are OK an official from the Nanjing Bureau of Education said Event A technical secondary school planned to order Korean style school uniforms for students Different 1 Parents strongly 2 the move With such beautiful designs the ne