差速器外文文献

差速器外文 ByBy ordinaryordinary differentialdifferential planetaryplanetary gear gear thethe planetplanet roundround rackrack differential differential shell shell andand halfhalf axleaxle gears gears etcetc parts parts ByBy thethe powerpower ofof thethe engine engine directdirect drivedrive shaftshaft intointo differentialdifferential planetaryplanetary wheelwheel frame frame againagain byby thethe planetsplanets wheelwheel drivedrive left left right right twotwo halfhalf shaftshaft areare respectivelyrespectively drivendriven wheelswheels leftleft andand right right DifferentialDifferential designdesign requirementsrequirements meet meet left left right right shaftshaft speedspeed shaftshaft speed speed 2 2 planets planets wheelwheel frameframe speed speed WhenWhen thethe automobileautomobile moher moher left left rightright wheelwheel andand planetaryplanetary wheelwheel frameframe threethree speedspeed equalequal inin balance balance whilewhile inin thethe carcar whenwhen turningturning threethree equilibriumequilibrium statestate isis destroyed destroyed causecause thethe medialmedial wheelwheel speedspeed decreases decreases andand thethe laterallateral wheelwheel RPMRPM increases increases AutomotiveAutomotive differentialdifferential isis drivendriven axleaxle LordLord pieces pieces ItsIts functionfunction isis toto bothboth sidessides halfhalf shaftshaft transmissiontransmission power power whilewhile allowingallowing bothboth sidessides halfhalf shaftshaft inin differentdifferent speedspeed rotating rotating satisfysatisfy bothboth sidessides wheelwheel asas purepure rollingrolling formsforms dodo isometricisometric driving driving reducingreducing tiretire andand thethe surfacesurface friction friction DifferentialDifferential thisthis adjustmentadjustment isis automatic automatic herehere involvesinvolves minimal minimal energyenergy consumptionconsumption principle principle namelynamely earthearth allall objectsobjects areare inclinedinclined toto consumptionconsumption minimumminimum state state ForFor exampleexample a a graingrain ofof beansbeans intointo a a bowl bowl beansbeans willwill automaticallyautomatically staysstays inin thethe bowlbowl bottombottom andand nevernever staystay inin bowlbowl wall wall becausebecause bowlbowl bottombottom isis lowestlowest energyenergy positionposition potential potential itit automaticallyautomatically selectselect staticstatic minimum minimum withoutwithout constantlyconstantly kinetickinetic energyenergy movement movement InIn thethe samesame way way WheelWheel inin corneringcornering wouldwould alsoalso automaticallyautomatically tendencytendency ofof thethe lowestlowest energyenergy consumptionconsumption inin accordanceaccordance withwith state state automaticallyautomatically turningturning radiusradius adjustingadjusting rightright wheelswheels speed speed WhenWhen cornering cornering duedue toto thethe laterallateral frictionfriction wheelwheel draggeddragged phenomenon phenomenon medialmedial wheelwheel havehave slipslip phenomenon phenomenon twotwo drivingdriving wheelwheel nownow cancan produceproduce twotwo oppositeopposite directiondirection ofof additionaladditional force force asas a a resultresult ofof minimal minimal energyenergy consumptionconsumption principle principle whichwhich inevitablyinevitably leadsleads onon bothboth sidessides ofof thethe wheelwheel speedspeed difference difference thusthus destroyeddestroyed threethree balancebalance relationship relationship andand throughthrough thethe halfhalf shaftshaft areare reflectedreflected inin halfhalf axleaxle gear gear forcingforcing planetaryplanetary geargear produceproduce rotation rotation makemake thethe laterallateral halfhalf shaftshaft speedspeed faster faster medialmedial halfhalf axleaxle planetismal planetismal thusthus realizerealize bothboth sidessides wheelwheel speedspeed difference difference IfIf thethe drivedrive wheelswheels onon eithereither sideside ofof thethe drivedrive axleaxle shaftshaft toto thethe useuse ofof a a wholewhole rigidrigid connection connection thethe twotwo wheelswheels cancan onlyonly atat thethe samesame AngleAngle rotation rotation So So whenwhen thethe vehiclevehicle steeringsteering wheelwheel drive drive duedue toto thethe laterallateral thanthan medialmedial wheelswheels movedmoved acrossacross thethe distancedistance isis big big willwill makemake thethe laterallateral wheelswheels inin rollingrolling producedproduced simultaneouslysimultaneously slipperyslippery procrastinate procrastinate andand medialmedial wheelswheels inin rollingrolling producedproduced simultaneouslysimultaneously slip slip EvenEven thethe carcar runrun straightstraight roadroad gravamen gravamen becausebecause althoughalthough pavementpavement straightstraight butbut tyrestyres oror rollingrolling radiusradius rangerange tyre tyre manufacturemanufacture error error wearwear different different byby thethe unevenuneven oror pneumaticpneumatic rangingranging causedcaused byby thethe wheelswheels ofof sliding sliding WheelWheel whenwhen notnot onlyonly aggravateaggravate slidingsliding tiretire wear wear increaseincrease powerpower andand fuelfuel consumption consumption stillstill cancan makemake thethe vehiclevehicle steeringsteering difficulties difficulties brakingbraking performanceperformance becomesbecomes poor poor ForFor thethe wheelwheel asas farfar asas possiblepossible willwill notnot occuroccur inin thethe structurestructure ofof sliding sliding mustmust guaranteeguarantee thethe wheelswheels cancan comecome withwith differentdifferent AngleAngle rotation rotation AxisAxis betweenbetween differential differential usuallyusually drivendriven wheelwheel bearingsbearings forfor supportsupport onon spindle spindle enableenable toto anyany AngleAngle rotation rotation andand drivedrive wheelswheels respectivelyrespectively withwith twotwo rootroot halfhalf axleaxle rigidrigid connection connection inin betweenbetween twotwo rootroot halfhalf shaftshaft withwith differential differential ThisThis differentialdifferential alsoalso calledcalled shaftshaft betweenbetween differential differential slowly slowly rightright wheelswheels faster faster withwith differentdifferent speedspeed toto compensatecompensate forfor thethe distancedistance ofof thethe differences differences IfIf afterafter axlesaxles makemake itit a a whole whole hehe couldn tcouldn t dodo itit onon bothboth sidessides ofof thethe wheelwheel speedspeed difference difference namelynamely can tcan t dodo anan automaticautomatic adjustment adjustment InIn orderorder toto solvesolve thisthis problem problem asas earlyearly asas inin a a hundredhundred yearsyears ago ago FranceFrance RenaultRenault automotiveautomotive companycompany founderfounder luisluis RenaultRenault willwill designdesign a a differentialdifferential inin thisthis thing thing ModernModern vehiclesvehicles onon thethe differentialdifferential usuallyusually accordingaccording toto itsits workwork characteristicscharacteristics intointo geargear typetype differentialdifferential andand slipslip differentialdifferential twotwo kindskinds big big TheThe structurestructure ofof thethe CherokeeCherokee open dieopen die differentialdifferential isis typicaltypical ofof planetaryplanetary geargear setset structure structure onlyonly thethe sunsun wheelwheel andand outsideoutside thethe pinionpinion geargear ringring areare thethe same same InIn thisthis planetaryplanetary geargear set set drivingdriving geargear isis planetplanet shelf shelf passivepassive roundround isis twotwo SUNSSUNS wheel wheel ThroughThrough thethe planetaryplanetary geargear setset thethe transmissiontransmission propertiesproperties wewe know know ifif thethe planetplanet shelfshelf asas ZhuDongZhou ZhuDongZhou twotwo SUNSSUNS wheelwheel speedspeed andand rotationrotation directiondirection isis notnot affirmatory affirmatory eveneven twotwo SUNSSUNS wheelwheel rotationrotation directiondirection isis thethe opposite opposite VehicleVehicle condition condition thisthis differentialdifferential moher moher featurefeature isis toto twotwo andand a a halfhalf shaftshaft transmissiontransmission torquetorque ofof thethe same same InIn a a drivingdriving wheelwheel impendingimpending case case ifif thethe drivedrive shaftshaft rotation rotation havehave adhesionadhesion isis uniformuniform thethe drivingdriving wheelswheels ofof drivingdriving force force ifif therethere isis nono drivedrive shaftshaft rotationrotation isis accelerated accelerated havehave adhesionadhesion thethe drivingdriving wheelswheels drivingdriving forceforce equalsequals impendingimpending wheelwheel AngleAngle accelerationacceleration andand rotaryrotary inertiainertia ofof thethe product product VehicleVehicle turningturning tirestires don tdon t skidskid condition condition connectconnect thethe twotwo halveshalves ofof thethe differentialdifferential shaftshaft torquetorque directiondirection isis opposite opposite givegive thethe vehiclevehicle drivingdriving forward forward andand onlyonly thethe insideinside ofof thethe wheel wheel thethe planetplanet shelfshelf andand medialmedial sunsun roundround byby thethe isokineticisokinetic transmissiontransmission betweenbetween becamebecame decelerationdeceleration transmission transmission drivingdriving sensationsensation isis acceleratedaccelerated speedspeed cornerscorners thanthan straightstraight moremore powerful powerful TheThe advantagesadvantages ofof open dieopen die differentialdifferential isis installedinstalled inin thethe pavementpavement turnedturned drivingdriving onon thethe bestbest effect effect WeaknessWeakness isis inin a a drivingdriving wheelwheel lossloss adhesion adhesion underunder thethe situationsituation ofof anotheranother nornor drivingdriving force force Open dieOpen die differentialdifferential isis thethe suitablesuitable scopescope thatthat allall pavingpaving roadroad traffic traffic frontfront axleaxle andand rearrear axleaxle driverdriver drivedrive cancan bebe installed installed 2 2 LimitedLimited slipslip differentialdifferential LimitedLimited slipslip differentialdifferential usedused forfor partsparts makemake upup open dieopen die differentialdifferential transmissiontransmission inin off roadoff road defects defects itit isis inin thethe openopen differentialdifferential institutioninstitution improved improved andand thethe differentialdifferential shellshell sideside increaseincrease frictionfriction betweenbetween geargear piece piece correspondingcorresponding toto thethe planetaryplanetary geargear setset speaking speaking isis thethe planetplanet shelfshelf andand thethe sunsun roundround betweenbetween increasedincreased frictionfriction slices slices increaseincrease thethe sunsun wheelwheel andand planetplanet shelfshelf freefree rotatingrotating resistanceresistance torque torque LimitedLimited slipslip differentialdifferential provideprovide additionaladditional torque torque andand frictionfriction slicesslices transfertransfer ofof powerpower andand twotwo drivingdriving wheelwheel rotationrotation differencedifference ofof concerned concerned InIn open dieopen die differentialdifferential structurestructure toto improveimprove onon LSD LSD cannotcannot produceproduce 100 100 limitedlimited slip slip becausebecause thethe limitedlimited slipslip coefficient coefficient thethe higherhigher thethe vehiclesvehicles toto thethe characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe poor poor LSDLSD havehave open dieopen die differentialdifferential transmissiontransmission characteristicscharacteristics andand mechanicalmechanical structure structure AdvantageAdvantage isis toto provideprovide certaincertain limitedlimited slipslip torque torque defectdefect isis turningturning performanceperformance becomesbecomes poor poor frictionfriction slicesslices limitedlimited life life LSDLSD isis thethe suitablesuitable scopescope pavingpaving roadroad surfacesurface andand mildmild off road off road UsuallyUsually usedused forfor thethe drive drive FormerFormer drovedrove generallygenerally doesdoes notnot installed installed becausebecause LSDLSD interfereinterfere steering steering limitedlimited slipslip coefficient coefficient thethe greatergreater thethe steeringsteering thethe moremore difficult difficult Three Three TheThe locklock typetype differentialdifferential mechanical mechanical lockinglocking check check electricelectric thethe lock lock pneumaticpneumatic lockinglocking check check InIn orderorder toto guaranteeguarantee thethe off roadoff road vehiclesvehicles inin complexcomplex conditions conditions drivingdriving performanceperformance throughthrough certaincertain mechanicalmechanical structurestructure ofof thethe differentialdifferential lockedlocked achieveachieve twotwo halfhalf axleaxle synchronoussynchronous rotation rotation ThroughThrough thethe analysisanalysis ofof planetaryplanetary geargear setset isis thethe planetaryplanetary geargear setset ofof geargear mechanismsmechanisms locked locked guaranteeguarantee thethe planetplanet shelfshelf wheelwheel withwith thethe sun sun andand twotwo SUNSSUNS roundround betweenbetween thethe transmissiontransmission ratioratio betweenbetween isis 1 1 1 1 CanCan thethe sunsun toto thethe wheelwheel andand planetplanet shelfshelf thethe lock lock cancan putput thethe planetplanet shelfshelf andand planetaryplanetary geargear locked locked stillstill cancan putput twotwo SUNSSUNS wheelwheel locked locked TheThe locklock typetype differential differential withoutwithout thethe lock lock itsits transmissiontransmission characteristicscharacteristics andand open dieopen die differentialdifferential exactlyexactly thethe samesame asas thatthat inin thethe lock lock underunder thethe situationsituation ofof transmissiontransmission ratioratio waswas fixedfixed forfor 1 1 1 1 TheThe advantagesadvantages ofof thisthis differentialdifferential inin off roadoff road self evidentself evident thatthat providesprovides thethe biggestbiggest drawbackdrawback isis thethe drivingdriving force force thethe differentialdifferential locklock upup thethe situation situation vehiclevehicle steeringsteering extremelyextremely difficult difficult ExistingExisting singlesingle wheelwheel inheritinherit engineengine 100 100 torquetorque possible possible halfhalf shaftshaft willwill becausebecause torquetorque excessiveexcessive deformationdeformation oror break break VehiclesVehicles inin thethe processprocess ofof steeringsteering bearings bearings twotwo andand a a halfhalf byby oppositeopposite torque torque ifif bothboth sidessides tirestires adhesionadhesion areare large large wouldwould wringwring halfhalf axle axle Moreover Moreover thisthis kindkind ofof differentials differentials thethe vehiclevehicle processprocess executionexecution locklock upup thethe actionaction willwill produceproduce largerlarger noise noise Four Four ElectronicElectronic differentialsdifferentials locklock ElectronicElectronic differentialsdifferentials locklock andand thethe aforesaidaforesaid compared compared withoutwithout changingchanging thethe structurestructure andand characteristicscharacteristics ofof open dieopen die differential differential butbut useuse ABSABS oror EBDEBD systemsystem toto implementimplement unilateralunilateral brakingbraking skidskid wheelswheels movement movement limitlimit ofof twotwo drivingdriving wheelwheel rotationrotation difference difference guaranteeguarantee thethe drivedrive wheelswheels momentum momentum Advantages Advantages goodgood safety safety won twon t damageddamaged vehicle vehicle Faults Faults needneed ABSABS andand costly costly EBDEBD system system InIn thethe harshharsh off roadoff road conditions conditions electronicelectronic productproduct reliabilityreliability asas mechanicalmechanical products products UnilateralUnilateral wheelwheel drivingdriving force force asas thethe locklock typetype differential differential 1 1 geargear typetype differential differential WhenWhen drivingdriving wheelwheel rotationrotation differencedifference existsexists aboutabout when when differentialdifferential assignedassigned toto slowslow turnsturns drivingdriving wheelwheel torquetorque isis greatergreater thanthan turnturn fastfast drivingdriving wheelwheel torque torque ThisThis kindkind ofof differentialdifferential torquetorque partitioningpartitioning characteristicscharacteristics cancan satisfysatisfy thethe carcar inin goodgood pavementpavement moving moving ButBut whenwhen thethe automobileautomobile inin badbad thethe road road butbut seriousserious influenceinfluence throughthrough capacity capacity E g E g whenwhen a a carcar drivingdriving wheelwheel intointo muddymuddy road road althoughalthough anotheranother drivingdriving wheelwheel inin goodgood road road thethe carcar waswas oftenoften cannotcannot advanceadvance known known asas slips slips AtAt thisthis pointpoint inin thethe muddymuddy roadroad onon thethe drivingdriving wheelswheels in situin situ slip slip inin goodgood roadroad wheelswheels isis motionless motionless ThisThis isis becausebecause inin thethe muddymuddy roadroad wheelswheels andand roadroad surfacesurface adhesionadhesion betweenbetween thethe lesser lesser roadroad onlyonly throughthrough thisthis roundround ofof half and halfhalf and half shaftshaft rolerole ofof smallersmaller reactionreaction torque torque thereforetherefore differentialdifferential assignedassigned toto thisthis roundround ofof torquetorque alsoalso small small althoughalthough anotheranother drivingdriving wheelwheel andand betterbetter roadroad toto improveimprove adhesionadhesion ofof thethe larger larger butbut becausebecause averageaverage distributiondistribution characteristicscharacteristics ofof torque torque whichwhich makemake thisthis drivedrive wheelswheels cancan onlyonly alsoalso assignedassigned toto thethe drivedrive wheelswheels w