初中英语情态动词讲解-练习及答案

1 情态动词情态动词 一 一 考点 热点回顾考点 热点回顾 词汇辨析词汇辨析 1 sometimes some times sometime some time sometimes 有时 at times He is sometimes late for school some times 几次 I have been to Nanjing some times sometime 某一时刻 I bought it sometime last spring We ll meet again sometime next week some time 一段时间 We have to stay here for some time 2 many much a few a little few little 1 many 修饰可数名词 much 修饰不可数名词 都表示许多 例如 许多书 许多牛奶 2 a few 和 a little 都表示 有一点儿 侧重于肯定 相当于 some 但 a few 修饰可数名词 a little 修饰不可数名词 例如 He has a few friends in London Would you like some coffee Yes just a little 3 few 和 little 表示 几乎没有 侧重否定否定 few 后接可数名词 little 后接不可数名词 例如 He is a strange man He has few words Hurry up there is little time left 固定搭配固定搭配 加加 ing be busy doing sth 忙于做 eg Mother is busy cooking look forward to doing sth 期待做 eg Tom looks forward to seeing his father again Thank you for doing sth 为了 感谢你 eg Thank you for your help have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事 eg I had great fun playing in the water have a good time doing sth eg I had a good time playing in the water have problem trouble difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困难 eg I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours 情态动词情态动词 又叫情态助动词 它们具有以下特点特点 它们必须与其他动词连用 即 情态动词 动词原形情态动词 动词原形 表示说话人对所述动作的看法 如需要 可能 意愿或怀疑等 绝大多数情态动词没有没有人称和数人称和数的变化的变化 即第三人称单数不加 s 以以 be 和和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外开头的情态动词短语除外 在意义上 情态动词具有 多义性多义性 例 can 既可表示能力 又可表示可能 允许等意义 情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 1 can 的基本用法 的基本用法 表示体力或智力上的能力 即 能够 会能够 会 可与 be able to 转换 例 He can speak English He is able to speak English Can you play basketball No I can t 如果表示将来将来具备的能力 要用 will be able to 例 If I have a good sleep I will be able to do the problem 表示许可许可 主要用于口语 书面语一般用 may 例 Can we go home now please No you can t You can only smoke in this room You can t keep the library books for more than a month 表示 可能可能 与 may 同义 但一般用在疑问句中 例 What can he possibly want 在否定句中 否定形式 can t 表示推测 不大可能不大可能 例 Anybody can make mistakes The news can t be true 与第一 二人称第一 二人称连用时 还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议提出建议 在这里 也可用 could 使语使语 气婉转气婉转 例 Can Could we meet again next week 下周我们可以再见面吗 2 What shall we do 我们怎么办呢 We can could try asking Lucy for help 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看 You can could help me with the cooking 你可以帮我做饭 2 may 的基本用法的基本用法 表示 许可许可 用 can 比较口语化 例 You may can come if you wish 如果你想来 你就来 You may not pick flowers in this park 本公园内不许摘花 may not 表示按规定不许可 如果用 mustn t 则表示说话人不许可 May I smoke here 我可以在这里抽烟吗 No you mustn t 不行 mustn t 表示明确的禁止 肯定句中表示推测 可能 例 It may rain tomorrow 明天可能会下雨 The news may not be true 这个消息可能不会是真的 注意 如果在在疑问句疑问句中表示中表示 可能可能 通常用 通常用 can 例 Can it be true 那会是真的吗 Who can he be 他究竟是谁呢 注意注意 May I we Yes you may No you mustn t 3 must 的基本用法的基本用法 表示必须必须 强调说话人的主观意志 例 I must go now or I ll be late You must be here by ten o clock 注意注意 表示 表示 必须必须 时 时 must 的否定式为的否定式为 needn t 或 或 don t have to 而不是而不是 mustn t 也就是 Must I we do it now Yes you must No you needn t don t have to 例 Must I go with them No you 表示推测推测 一般只用于肯定陈述句肯定陈述句 表示非常肯定 例 She didn t look at me She must be angry 她不朝我看 一定是生气了 He is good at English He must know the word 他英语好 准知道这个词 You must be Mr Jones 想必您就是琼斯先生吧 4 have to 的基本用法 的基本用法 have to 可视为情态动词 但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同 其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化 而 have to 却有人称和数的变化有人称和数的变化 要视主语的不同而变化 例 I You We They have to He She It has to You don t have to Does she have to have to have got to 意思是 必须 不得不必须 不得不 和 must 不同之处 must 强调主观需要 have to 强调客观需要 例 Sorry I have to leave now 对不起 现在我得走了 I ve got to go to a meeting 我得去参加一个会议 Will he have to work deep into the night 他将不得不工作到深夜吗 5 need 的基本用法 的基本用法 need 的基本词义是 需要 它既可作情态动词 又可作实义动词它既可作情态动词 又可作实义动词 need 用作情态动词情态动词时 只用于否定句和疑问句 它只有一种形式 后接动词原形 例 I don t believe you need worry 我相信你没有必要焦急 Need we go so soon 我们需要这么早就去吗 Yes we must No we needn t 是的 必须 不 不必 So I needn t tell him need I 所以我不需要告诉他 对吧 请比较以下两句话的不同意思 You needn t buy the coat 你没有必要买那件外衣 你还没买 You needn t have bought the coat 你没有必要买这件外衣的 而你却买了 3 注意注意 Need I we Yes you must No you needn t don t have to need 用作用作实义动词实义动词时 时 有时态 人称和数的变化有时态 人称和数的变化 如果人作主语人作主语 一般后接带 to 的动词不定式 即 need to do sth 如果物作主语物作主语 一般后用 need to be done 或 need doing sth 例如 I need to look up this word in the dictionary My watch needs mending to be mended 我的手表需要修理了 We don t need to work today We needn t work today Does he need to go right now Need he go right now 6 had better 的基本用法 的基本用法 had better 常略作 d better 现代语法认为它是一个助动词 因为它后接不带 to 的动词不定式 had better do sth 意思是 最好做某事 还是做某事比较好 例 You d better get some sleep 你最好睡一会儿 You d better not do that again 你最好别再做那件事 What had we better do now 我们现在怎么做才好呢 Hadn t we better tell her the truth 我们是否最好不告诉她真相 注意注意 You d better 表示劝告或委婉的命令 对长辈不宜使用 表示劝告或委婉的命令 对长辈不宜使用 7 could should would might 表示推测 表示推测 must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测把握性极大的推测 意思为 一定 肯定一定 肯定 如 You have worked hard all day You must be tired 你已辛苦工作一整天了 一定累了 The book must be his His name is on the cover 这本书一定是他的 封面上写着他的名字 注意注意 must 不表推测时不表推测时 在肯定句中意思为 必须必须 强调内在的职责 在否定句否定句中意思为 不许 禁止不许 禁止 以它开头的 疑问句否定回答常用 needn t 或 don t doesn t have to 如 We must obey the traffic rules 我们必须遵守交通规则 Cars mustn t be parked here 此处严禁停车 Must we hand in the papers this week 我们必须本星期交论文吗 No you needn t 不 你们不必 本星期交 can could 多用于否定句 疑问句否定句 疑问句或感叹句感叹句中表示推测 怀疑推测 怀疑 两者在时间上没有差别 用 can 时不相信的程度更 强一些 can t 常常译为 不可能不可能 如 The man under the tree can t be Tom He s gone to England 这个人不可能是 Tom 他已经去英国了 Can it be true that he was fooled by a five year old boy 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了 这能是真的吗 Could this be an excuse 这会不会是个借口 How can you be so careless 你怎么这样粗心 may might 多用来表示把握性不大的推测把握性不大的推测 意思为 也许 可能也许 可能 might 比 may 的把握性更小一些 may not 在否定句中常常译为 可能不可能不 注意区分注意区分 不可能不可能 与与 可能不可能不 在把握性大小上的差异 如 Mr Wang may know Professor Li s telephone number 王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码 This might be the key Tom has been looking for 这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙 She may not be there today 今天她可能不在那儿 二 二 典型例题典型例题 中考链接中考链接 1 Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li No it be him Mr Li is much taller A mustn t B may no C can t D needn t 2 Must I go with them tomorrow No you A mustn t B shouldn t C needn t D can t 3 I take some photos in the hall No you A Can needn t B Must mustn t C Could won t D May mustn t 4 Dad must I finish my homework today No you You may do it tomorrow A needn t B mustn t C don t D won t 5 The lake is said to be dry Is that true It Look some kids are swimming in it A must be true B can t be true C may not be true 6 What is your mother going to do this Saturday I m not sure She go to see my grandmother A canB mustC may 4 7 Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool It be very expensive I never even dream about it A must B might C can t D shouldn t 8 Listen Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall No it be him He has gone to Japan A needn tB may not C mustn t D can t 9 Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi Oh it is not far away from here We take a taxi A couldn t B mustn t C needn t D can t 10 Can you play the piano Yes I I often practice it on weekends A needn t B need C can t D can 三 课后练习三 课后练习 一 用 can may must need have to had better 的适当形式填空 1 You return the library book on time 2 I not find the way to the hospital you show me the way 3 I finish the work right now No you not You do it later 4 He said he not come tonight 5 Her mother was ill She stay at home and look after her 6 It s time for class You stop playing football or you be late for class 7 We start right now or they would get there first 8 The cloud is lifting so it not be a rainy day tomorrow 二 选择填空 1 Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon Yes you A must B can C may D need 2 Must I be in hospital for a week Doctor No you You can go back home tomorrow A mustn t B needn t C must 3 The desk is not dirty You clean it A mustn tB shouldn tC needn t C can t 4 May I watch TV for a while No you You have to finish your homework first A shouldn t B needn t C mustn t D won t 5 Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening No it be her She to Japan A mustn t has gone B mustn t has been C can t has gone D can t has been 6 It s the library So you know shouting is not allowed here A canB mustC needD may 7 Boys and girls don t forget your report It today A can t finish B can t be finished C should finish D should be finished 8 Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning No he because he didn t know my address A couldn tB can tC mustn tD may not 9 Must I mop up the window now No you A needn tB can tC shouldn tD mustn t 10 Is Lucy knocking at the door No It be Lucy She is in Japan now A needn t B must C can t 11 Another cup of coffee No thanks I be off Mary is waiting for me A can B may C must D might 12 I m a little tired Let s go to the zoo by taxi We take a taxi It s not far from here A can t B mustn t C couldn t D needn t 13 If the traffic light is red you cross the road It s very dangerous A don t B mustn t C needn t D wouldn t 5 14 Must I finish watering the flowers now No you A must B won t C needn t D can t 15 I can t give up smoking doctor For your health I m afraid you A may B can C have to D must 16 It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it be rather cold sometimes A must B can C should D would 17 Our class won the English speaking contest Congratulations You be very proud of it A can B need C would D must 18 Excuse me where are we going to have our class meeting I m not sure Ask our monitor please He know A can B may C need D shall 19 I borrow these magazines Sorry only the magazines over there can be borrowed A Must B Would C May D Need 20 If the traffic light is red you cross the road It s dangerous A don t B needn t C mustn t D wouldn t 6 情态动词情态动词 典型例题典型例题 例 1 答案 C 分析 表示否定的猜测用 can t must 表示推测时 意为 一定 只能用于肯定句 而 must 的否定 must not mustn t 表示 不应该 不许可 不准 禁止 等 例 2 答案 C 分析 在回答带有 must 的问句时 否定式常用 need not needn t 表示 不必 而不用 must not 因为 must not 表示 不可以 例 3 答案 D 分析 本题第一句是请求对方的允许 需要用 May 其否定式为 mustn t 例 4 答案 A 对于以情态动词 must 提问的疑问句 否定回答要用 No 主语 needn t 故由问句中的 must 和 答句中的 No 可选 A 例 5 答案 B 例