北京市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类D卷

第 1 页 共 21 页 北京市英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 北京市英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 说明议论类说明议论类 D D 卷卷 一 一 阅读理解阅读理解 共共 1010 题 共题 共 8282 分分 1 8 分 阅读下面短文 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 B Five hundred years ago potatoes grew in South America They were an important food for the people who lived in these high mountains In other parts of the world however people didn t know about potatoes The Spanish came to South America in the 1500s They learned of potatoes and took some back to Spain By 1570 people grew white potatoes in parts of Spain By 1580 people in Italy were also growing potatoes From Spain potatoes travelled to France In France however people were afraid to eat this new vegetable They thought it was bad for health Then the King of France tried to make his people eat potatoes But for many years the French still refused to eat potatoes Potatoes reached England in a different way In 1586 the English explorer 探险家 Drake stopped in Colombia There he probably picked up some potatoes and took them back to England At first the English refused to eat potatoes too They used potatoes to feed their pigs and chickens From England the potato travelled to Ireland The potato grew well in the poor soil of Ireland and soon it was an important food for the people in Ireland In the early 1700s Irish people brought potatoes to North America By 1750 many people in New England were growing and eating potatoes 1 Who mainly lived on potatoes five hundred years ago A People in South America B People in North America C People all over the world D People in America 第 2 页 共 21 页 2 How do French feel about eating potatoes when it first came to France A They feel excited to eat it B They feel worried to eat it C They feel afraid to eat it D They feel surprised to eat it 3 Which country was the first one to accept to eat potatoes A Spain B France C England D Ireland 2 8 分 阅读理解 Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts However the hard reality is that only a select few will make it But does that mean you ll never get the chance to work in space Not necessarily In fact some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just as cool One of the most interesting space jobs that you may have never heard of is chief sniffer 嗅探 员 NASA has already hired a chief sniffer named George Aldrich whose job is to smell materials and components before they are used in spacecrafts 航天器 Using your nose at work might sound a little strange but the job is actually important A spacecraft is of small size and high temperature which makes smells stronger inside of it And once a spacecraft is launched astronauts have no way of escaping unpleasant smells Aldrich told The Telegraph More importantly smelling objects can help identify dangerous chemicals 化学物质 that could threaten astronauts health Another job the space tour guide may seem a little ahead of its time after all what s the point of hiring a tour guide when there aren t any tourists there But now many private 第 3 页 共 21 页 companies are starting to provide space trips and wealthy space lover such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Bright man have already signed up for tours It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations for Earthlings Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of astronomy 天文学 astrophysics 天体物理 学 geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey Tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers so that passengers can experience the true beauty of space travel Astronauts often spend weeks or even months in a small capsule 太空舱 with the same group of people which is why a space psychologist is also needed to help astronauts overcome mental challenges like feeling bored and lonely We re crossing the boundaries 界限 between science fiction and reality said Rohit Talwar chief executive of US company Fast Future Research Things we ve seen in the past in movies are now becoming real career opportunities 1 How many cool and new space jobs are mentioned in the passage A Two B Three C Four D Five 2 What does the article mainly discuss A How science fiction becomes reality B The possibility of space travel for common people C Career opportunities that you shouldn t miss D Cool jobs in space other than being an astronaut 3 According to the article George Aldrich s job at NASA is mainly about A measuring the size and temperature of spacecrafts 第 4 页 共 21 页 B keeping astronauts safe from things that have unpleasant smells C cheering astronauts up with excellent stories D cleaning up dangerous chemicals that are found in spacecrafts 4 What is Rohit Talwar s attitude toward new job opportunities in space A Worried B Doubtful C Pleased D Negative 3 6 分 阅读理解 By the time Rihanna was seventeen she had released 发行 her first album and had an international hit with her first single 单曲 Pon de Replay Rihanna was born in Saint Michael Barbados in 1988 She grew up there with her two younger brothers As a child she loved singing She formed her first group with two friends from secondary school when she was just fifteen In 2004 her friends introduced the group to American record producer Evan Rogers who was on holiday in Barbados Rogers thought Rihanna could be a big star in America so she moved there aged sixteen to take up music after she finished school Rihanna lived with Rogers and his wife Then she worked for Def Jam Recordings and started working on her first album Music of the Sun It came out in 2005 and got into the top ten Over 69 000 copies of the album were sold in the first week alone It went on to sell over two million copies worldwide and Rihanna quickly became a big star Her second album A Girl Like Me came out a year later and included the song SOS which was her first number one hit in America In 2007 Rihanna brought out her third album Good Girl Gone Bad which had more dance music than the first two albums Rihanna sold more than fifteen million albums and forty five million singles worldwide between 2005 and 2010 the most of any artist at the same time However she manages to find time for her charity work too She has performed in several concerts to raise money for charity and in 2006 she created her Believe Foundation to help sick children She also took part in Gucci s activities to 第 5 页 共 21 页 raise money for children in Africa 1 What had Rihanna released before she was seventeen A An album but no singles B A single but not an album C An album and at least one single D Two albums and a single Pon de Replay 2 Why did Rihanna move to America A To try to become a famous singer B To form her first music group C To meet the record producer Evan Rogers D To record her album A Girl Like Me with the help of Rogers 3 Which is TRUE about Rihanna s first album A It included her first number one hit in the USA B It sold 69 000 copies in total C It made Rihanna a star D It came out before she finished school 4 It can be learnt from the text that Rihanna A wants to start a charity to help sick children B has helped to raise money for Asian children C has organized some concerts to raise money for charity D is producing another album for her Believe Foundation 4 8 分 阅读下列短文 从下面每小题的 A B C D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 第 6 页 共 21 页 Do you know any traditional festivals in China Maybe you ll say the Spring Festival the Mid Autumn Festival and so on But have you heard of the Dragon Boat Festival In China there is an interesting festival in the year of dragon It is said that the Dragon King the God of Rain makes fine weather to help the farmers crops grow well and everything go on smoothly too Of course we hope it is a lucky year for all the people To remember a great poet in ancient China Qu Yuan forever we have the Dragon Boat Festival Over 2 200 years ago Qu Yuan was born in Zigui of Hubei during the Warring States Period 战国时 代 He was wise and he wrote many excellent poems Among them the most famous one is Li Sao It was about the life of his own and full of his deep love for his motherland like other poems The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar 阴历 The most important thing during the festival is the dragon boat race When the race begins the players are boating hard in the river and other people are cheering for them People also eat zong zi made of glutinous rice 糯米 to remember Qu Yuan 1 When was Qu Yuan born A 2 200 years ago B 2 000 years ago C Over 2 000 years ago D More than 2 200 years ago 2 What happens with the help of the Dragon King A The crops never die B Everything goes on well C People receive more lucky money D People can get any food they want 3 What kind of person was Qu Yuan A He was a farmer in Zigui Hubei 第 7 页 共 21 页 B He was knowledgeable and good at writing poems C He was good at writing novels D He was a great king in his country 4 When is the Dragon Boat Festival A On 5 May every year B On 6 June every year C On the fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar D On the sixth day of the sixth month in the Chinese lunar calendar 5 Which of the following is TRUE A Qu Yuan lived in a peaceful 和平的 time B Li Sao is about the life of people living in Zigui Hubei C People eat zong zi and glutinous rice to memorize Qu Yuan D Li Sao shows Qu Yuan s deep love for his country 5 10 分 阅读理解 In recent years a number of Chinese technological innovations 科技创新 have been making waves around the world Among them four stand out They are known as four new great inventions of modern China They have made our daily lives more convenient High speed trains China created its first high speed railway line in 2008 Since then the number of passenger 第 8 页 共 21 页 trips has grown by over 30 percent every year By 2016 more than 5 billion trips had been taken on China s bullet trains 高铁 according to Xinhua News Agency China is currently working on the next generation bullet trains that will have a top speed of 400 kilometers per hour By 2020 one fifth of the country s 150 000 km railway network will be used by high speed trains This network will link more than 80 percent of major cities across China said Xinhua Mobile payment Mobile payment is turning China into a cashless society led by the third party payment companies like Alipay For example instead of paying by cash customers now pay for goods simply by typing a short password into Alipay app on their mobile devices Users can also pay their bills through Alipay such as their water and electricity bills Alipay also supports cross border 跨境的 online and in store payment which allows users to buy things on international websites and apps Shared bikes Shared bike services started in Western countries But China has surprised the world with how quickly it has adopted dockless 无柱的 shared bikes Unlike traditional bike sharing method dockless bikes allow users to simply pick up or park a bike on the street through GPS and smartphone app To unlock a bike you just need to scan a QR code on a shared bike with a smartphone app After you finish riding you can park it at available parking areas lock it and pay for ride through mobile payment services Online shopping With around 751 million internet users China has been the world s largest and fastest growing line shopping market Online shopping now accounts for 15 5 percent of total retail sales in China according to Xinhua Thanks to lower costs and fewer licensing requirements 执照要求 it s easier for sellers 第 9 页 共 21 页 to open an online shop in China than a brick and mortar shop 实体店 It also helped to create jobs of rural areas In 2016 online shopping created more than 20 million jobs in rural areas with over 8 1 million running their own online shops said Xinhua 1 What is known as four new great inventions of modern China A GPS Smartphone apps High speed trains and Online shopping B Mobile payment Shared bikes Online shopping and High speed railway network C Online shopping Short password High speed railway network and Mobile payment D High speed trains Mobile payment Shared bikes and Online shopping 2 According to the passage which of the following is TRUE A After you use shared hikes you can nark them everywhere B When users pay their water and electricity bills they only pay them by cash C By 2020 China s 30 000 km railway network will be used by high speed trains D It easier for sellers to open a brick and mortar shop than an online shop in China 3 The underlined phrase accounts for means in Chinese A 占 比例 B 是 原因 C 给 解释 D 出 单据 4 From this passage the writer mostly wants to tell us that A Nowadays China has become the most developed country in the world B Nowadays China has made much great progress in both science and technology C Nowadays China is stronger than any other country in the world 第 10 页 共 21 页 D Nowadays only China can make a great contribution 贡献 to human 6 8 分 阅读理解 Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets Things have changed China has banned 禁止 free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets and people have to pay for using plastic bags The rule started on 1st June It came because our country tried to make litter less Making superthin 超薄的 plastic bags has also been banned The Chinese once used about 3 billion plastic shopping bags a day and they have caused pollution of the environment The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and people throw them away here and there So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring Some students in Chongqing have a good idea They make their own shopping bags They use old clothes to make cloth bags 布袋 and send them to their parents as presents They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones They think it is their duty to protect the environment 1 People in China have to now A throw plastic bags here and there B use free plastic bags C pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets 2 China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the A environment B litter C shops 3 The Chinese people are encouraged to bring for shopping A superthin plastic bags 第 11 页 共 21 页 B free plastic bags C their own bags 4 Some students in Chongqing A ask their parents to make cloth bags B make cloth bags themselves C buy cloth bags for their parents 5 What s the main idea of this article 文章 A Making superthin plastic bags has been banned in China B The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution C To protect the environment free plastic bags have been banned in China 7 8 分 根据短文内容 判断句子正误 Christmas and the Spring Festival are two important festivals in the world Christmas is the most important festival in western countries It comes on 25th December When Christmas comes people have a long holiday And there is Father Christmas He comes on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day and gives presents to children so they love him very much The Spring Festival is very important in China It usually happens in January or February On the New Year s Eve people have a big family dinner and they watch TV together Parents usually give their children a hongbao which means lucky money 1 Christmas is the most important festival in western countries 2 People don t have a long holiday at Christmas 3 Children love Father Christmas very much 4 The Spring Festival isn t very important in China 5 Parents usually give children a hongbao at Christmas 第 12 页 共 21 页 8 8 分 阅读理解 7 January 2014 A new report says more and more international students are attending colleges and universities in the United States It also notes a large increase in the number of international students from China These findings are from the latest Open Doors Report The report documents the record number of international students in the United States during 2012 2013 school year It says more than seven hundred sixty four thousand four hundred such students were attending American colleges and universities during the last two years That represents an increase of almost six percent than one year earlier On the other hand the number of Americans studying overseas 海外 increased by one percent which reached nineteen thousand this year The report says one hundred ninety four thousand students at American colleges and universities were from China That is an increase of more than twenty three percent over the year before Peggy Blumenthal an expert of international education described the effect of the increase in Chinese students Now they have been coming for some time But this year was the highest level ever She says many Chinese families are able to pay for the highest quality education for their children The children mainly choose to study in America We know many of them have enough income to be able to afford to send them anywhere in the world that they want to go And for the most part looking around the world Chinese students still prefer to come to the United States as their choice Chinese students are not the only ones who want to attend American colleges and universities After China India sends the second largest number of students to the United States for higher education India has about one hundred thousand students in American schools South Korea is third with about seventy two thousand students Why do so many foreign students study in the United States Peggy Blumenthal provides one 第 13 页 共 21 页 reason The advantage America has is that we have a huge system and a very perfect system So there are over four thousand universities and colleges in the United States Among them are some top ones in the world and what that tells us is there is still a lot of room to host international students Foreign students represent less than four percent of the total student population in American higher education And from Learning English that s the VOA Special English Education Report I m Bob Doughty Thanks for listening 1 Bob Doughty seems to be A an exchange student from the USA B an expert of international education C a viewer of VOA D a reporter from V