2013动词时态语态

1 语法复习 动词时态 语态语法复习 动词时态 语态 整理整理 丰志林丰志林 2013 1 5 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的 而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来 表达的表达的 英语中的时态共有十六种 但是常考的或较常用的只有 9 种 而重点测试完成 时态 进行时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 在命题上一般是通过语言环境的具体要求 来体现时态的正确使用 而不是仅仅通过时间状语 理解语境是关键理解语境是关键 要注意主句和从 句谓语之间的逻辑时间关系 时态经常和从句时态经常和从句 倒装倒装 强调句型强调句型 虚拟语气综合考查虚拟语气综合考查 而语态 和时态经常结合在一起考查 时态时态 1 一般现在时 一般现在时 主要用来表示人 事物的现在状况和特点 表示经常或习惯性的动作 句子中常有 often always from time to time 等时间状语 表示客观规律和永恒真理等 He usually goes to work at 7 o clock every morning She has a brother who lives in New York The earth goes around the sun Guangzhou is situated in the south of China 考点一 表示永恒的真理 即使出现在过去的语境中 仍用一般现在时 如 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school 考点二 在时间和条件状语从句中 代替一般将来时 常用的引导词有 时间 when until after before as soon as once the moment the minute the day 条件 if unless provided If he accepts the job he will get more money soon 考点三 在 make sure certain see to it mind care matter 宾语从句 从句用一般 现在时代替一般将来时 So long as he works hard I don t mind when he finishes the experiment 只要他努力工作 我不介意他什么时候做完试验 考点四 在 the more the more 越 越 句型中 若主句是一般将来时 从句通常用一般现在时 The harder you study the better results you will get 2 现在进行时 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动 或表感情色彩 加强语气 与频率副 词 如 always constantly continually again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩 赞叹 厌烦 埋怨等 We are having English class The house is being built these days The little boy is always making trouble 考点一 在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作 Look out when you are crossing the street Don t wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning 2 考点二 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 这时多有表示将来的时间状语 Marry is leaving on Friday 3 现在完成时 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去 完成在过去 但强调与现在情况仍有联系 其结果或影响仍 存在 现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语 考点一 for 时间段 since 时间点 over They have lived in Beijing for five years They have lived in Beijing since 1995 I have learned English for ten years 考点二 常见的不确定的时间状语 lately recently just already yet up to now till now so far these days Has it stopped raining yet 考点三 在表示 最近几世纪 年 月以来 时间状语中 谓语动词用现在完成时 in the past few years months weeks days over the past few years during the last three months for the last few centuries through centuries throughout history 等 考点四 表示 第几次做某事 或在 It is the best worst most interesting 名词 that 后面跟现在完成时 This is my first time that I have visited China This is the most interesting film I have ever seen That is the only book that he has written 4 一般过去时 一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作 或过去习惯性动作 不强调对现在的影 响 只说明过去 常跟明确的过去时间连用 如 yesterday last week in 1945 at that time once during the war before a few days ago when in the past 等 注意 考点一 used to do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作 to 为不定式 后接动词原形 be become get used to doing 表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot He has got used to getting up early 考点二 在时间和条件状语从句中 代替过去将来时 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5 过去进行时过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help What were you doing at nine last night 3 The radio was being repaired when you called me 6 过去完成时过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作 即过去完成时的动作发生在 过去的过去 句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语 这种时态从来不孤立使用 before after by up till There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000 By the end of last term we had finished the book They finished earlier than we had expected 考点一 用于 hardly scarcely when no sooner than 句型中 主句用过去完成时 从句用一般过去时 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang 注意主谓倒装 考点二 表示 第几次做某事 主句用过去时 从句用过去完成时 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather It was 3 years since we had parted 考点三 动词 hope expect think intend mean want suppose plan 用过去完成时 表 示未实现的愿望 打算和意图 I had hoped that I could do the job I had intended to see you but I was too busy 7 一般将来时一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况 常和 tomorrow next year in 2008 等表示将 来的时间状语连用 其表现形式多达 5 种 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 考点一 一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中 We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes 主句用一般将来时 从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时 考点二 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 arrive come go leave start 等 用现在进行 时形式表示将来 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow 考点三 am is are going to 动词原形 表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事 这种打算往往经过事先考虑 甚至已做了某种准备 Will shall do 多表说话临时做的决定 am is are about to 动词原形 表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作 后 不接时间状语 am is are to 动词原形 表示必须 必然或计划将要做的事 They are to be married in this May 考点四 祈使句 and or 句子 这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时 Use your head and you will find a way 4 8 将来进行时 将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作 或按计划一定会发生的事情 I ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow 明天这会我正在写作业 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport 9 将来完成时 将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情 时间状语非常明显 考点一 常用的时间状语一般用 by 将来的时间 如 by the end of this year by 8 o clock this evening by March next year 以及由 by the time before 或 when 等引导的副词从 句 By the end of next month he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot By the time you reach the station the train will have left By next Tuesday I will have got ready for the exams 考点二 在时间和条件状语从句中 将来完成时则由现在完成时表示 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school 10 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去 并持续到现在 强调动作还在进行 He has been learning English for 6 years 强调现在还在学 It has been raining for 3 days 强调说话者 抱怨 的感情色彩 动词的语态动词的语态 一般用于强调受者 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语 动词的语态一般不单独考 而是和时态 语气和非谓语动词一起考 只是需要注意以下考点 考点一 不能用于被动语态的动词和词组考点一 不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 表状态的谓语动词 last hold contain fit mean benefit look like 等 还有表归属的动词 have own belong to 等 表希望的动词 wish want hope 等 It took place before liberation 考点二 下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义考点二 下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义 而且常与而且常与 well quite easily badly 等副等副 词连用 词连用 lock 锁 wash 洗 sell 卖 read 读 wear 穿 blame 责备 ride 乘 坐 write 写 Glass breaks easily 玻璃容易破碎 The car rides smoothly 这车走起来很稳 The case locks easily 这箱子很好锁 The book sells well 这本书很畅销 考点三 考点三 当当 feel look smell taste sound 等后加形容词时 用主动表被动 等后加形容词时 用主动表被动 The fish smells good 考点四 考点四 want require need be worth 等后接动名词用主动表被动等后接动名词用主动表被动 考点五 一些常用经典被动句型 考点五 一些常用经典被动句型 5 It is said It is reported It is widely believed It is expected It is estimated 这些句子一般翻译为 据说 人们认为 而 以前人们认为 则应该说 It was believed It was thought 高考真题再现高考真题再现 2007 32 I haven t the slightest idea talk 我压根就不知道他正在说什么 33 The fact makes him very upset he fail 他失败了数次这个事实使他非常不安 34 Last night John was answering the letters that during the past two weeks arrive 昨晚 John 在回复最近两周寄给他的信件 2008 32 Seldom video games ever since they entered college Play 自从他们进入大学 他们很少玩电视游戏 33 The City is very hot and damp in summer grow 我成长的城市夏天十分潮湿闷热 37 With the rapid development of science and technology I can t imagine in ten years what 随着科技的迅速发展 我不能想象我的家乡十年后会是什么样子 40 At present lots of food water tents and medicine from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake stricken areas in Sichuan transport 目前 大量的食品 水 帐篷和药品正在从全中国和世界各地运往四川的地震受灾区 2009 75 If times have our ways of thinking changed too change 如果时代变了 我们的思维方式也变了吗 77 is sure to change as one puts it into practice whatever 当人们付诸实践时 任何计划好了的事情肯定会发生变化 2010 74 The news has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices fall 房价要下跌的新闻 致使很多人以较低的价格卖掉他们的房子 78 Last night s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people yet prove 昨天晚上的电视新闻报道说 到那时为止 失踪者是否死亡还没有被证实 6 80 many times serve the people is our first policy stress 正如我们强调的那样 为人民服务 是我们的首要原则 2011 76 was that the young player performed exteriorly well in the table tennis tournament delight 令球迷欣喜的是 那位年轻的选手在桌球锦标赛上的表现相当精彩 2012 73 I don t know in the novel that made him burst into tears what 我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌 76 However I could not read his handwriting try 不论我怎样努力 还是没法看清他写的字 77 In response to the audience s great demand the play in the theatre twice a week put 应观众的强烈要求 这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两 Exercises SectionA 部分高考选择题部分高考选择题 1 On the next birthday Ann married for twenty years A is B has been C will be D will have been 2 Experiments of this kind in both the U S and Europe well before the Second World War A have conducted B have been conducted C had conducted D had been conducted 3 Bob has gone to California Oh can you tell me when he A has left B left C is leaving D would leave 4 Tom in the library every night over the last three months A works B worked C have been working D had been working 5 What a mistake Yes I his doing it another way but without success A was suggesting B will suggest C would suggest D had suggested 6 Maybe if I science and not literature then I would be able to give you more help A studied B would study C had studied D was studying 7 I ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I A was doing B am doing C have done D had been doing 8 I hear you in a pub what s it like Well it s very hand work and I m always tired but I don t mind A are workingB will work 7 C were working D will be working 9 Tommy is planning to buy a car I know By next month he enough for a used one A saves B saved C will save D will have saved 10 Planning so far ahead no sense so many things will have changed by next year A made B is making C makes D has made 11 I wasn t sure if he was really interested or if he polite A was just being B will just be C had just been D would just be 12 When Alice came to she did not know how long she there A had been lying B has been lying C was lying D has lain 13 The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but luckily everything was going on smoothly A gave B gives C was giving D had given 14 It is the most instructive lecture that I since I carne to this school A attended B had attended C am attending D have attended 15 What do you think of store shopping in the future Personally I think it will exist along with home shopping but A will never replace B would never replace C will never be replaced D would never be replaced 16 I didn t ask for the name list Why on my desk I put it there just now in case you needed it A does it landB has it landed C will it landD had it landed 17 She was surprised to find the fridge empty the child everything A had been eating B had eaten C have eaten D have been eating 18 Look at the pride on Tom s face He to have been praised by the manager just now A seemed B seems C had seemed D is seeming 19 That price of music sounds quite familiar Who the piano upstairs A has played B played C plays D is playing 20 Last month the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From China A receive B are receiving C have received D had received 8 Section B 完成句子完成句子 1 If it were not for the fact we would invite him to our party ill 如果不是因为他生病了这个事实 我们会邀请他参加我们的集会的 2 Despite much research there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that understand 尽管做了大量的研究 在昆虫的生命周期中仍有某些因素还没有完全理解 3 The teacher told the students that travel 老师告诉学生光比声音传播要快 4 should remember to turn off the light and lock the door whoever 最后离开教室的人要记得关灯和锁门 5 or it will be no longer fit for us to live on protect 保护我们的地球 否则它会不再适合我们居住 6 My cousin went to Canada two years ago He for a few months and then went to America work 我的堂兄两年前到加拿大去了 他在那里工作了几个月 然后到美国去了 7 It was during summer breaks the satisfaction of work that translated into hard currency taste 暑假期间 我们第一次尝到了把劳动变成货币的滋味 8 Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young her first real success until she was twenty five come 虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌 但直到 25 岁她才迎来第一次真正的成 功 9 a man walking by when the accident happened happen 事故发生时恰巧有人经过 10 It is high time that the coming harvest season get 是我们该为下一年的收获季节作好一切准备的时候了 11 He was finally admitted into university Never before happy 他终于被大学录取 他以前从来没有这样高兴过 12 I but someone went to see me just when I was about to leave visit 我原打算要拜访你的 但正当我要离开的时候有人来看我 13 No sooner at the station than the train left arrive 我一到火车站 火车就离开了 14 The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous She fly 飞机上坐在我旁边的那个年轻女孩很紧张 她以前没坐过飞机 15 She understood what I was talking about even though it was the first time 9 speak 她明白我在说什么 即使那是我们第一次说话 16 for free tickets they would not have gone to the swimming pool so often be 要不是有免费票 他们就不会如此频繁去游泳池 17 Harry left last night I wish for causing so much trouble when he left apologize Harry 昨晚走了 我多希望在他走时我因给他添了如此多的麻烦而向他道了歉 18 more Americans killed in road accidents than in all the wars since 1990 there 自从 1990 年以来 与在所有战争中死亡的人数相比 更多的美国人死于道路交通事故 19 I really admire her because she those kids on her own bring 我的确佩服她 因为她全靠自己把那些孩子抚养大了 20 I my study that I haven t had time for social work occupy 我一直忙于学习 以至于我没有时间去参与社会活动 21 some of the students wouldn t like to study any more point 正如已经指出的那样 有些学生不想再学习了 22 Great changes in my hometown in the past ten years and people are enjoying a much richer life now take 在过去的十年中我的家乡发生了巨大变化 人们现在正在享受更加富有的生活 23 When you are home give a call to let me know you arrive 当你到家时 请给我打个电话以让我知道你已经安全到达 24 It is reported that the quick development of the city bringing in a large number of investors witness 据报道 最近的几年见证了该市的迅速发展 由此引进了大量的投资者 25 The newest modern technology which indicates the factories will produce more advanced cars very soon adopt 采用了最先进的技术 这表示工厂很快会生产出更先进的车 26 When you get the paper back pay special attention to mark 当你拿回你的试卷 特别注意所做的标记 27 The dictionary is said to be the earliest one in China destroy 这本字典 其封面已被毁了 据说是中国最古老的字典 28 He has been suspected of taking government funds for himself and by the police investigate 他已经被怀疑挪用政府资金 正在接受警方调查 29 It s only a two hours bicycle ride from here to the cottage where a party 10 hold 从这里到正在举办聚会的那个乡村小屋骑车只有两小时的路程 30 Ladies and gentlemen please fasten your seatbelts The plane take 女士们 先生们 请系好安全带 飞机就要起飞了 31 One in five teachers in this school 总是在抱怨 the stress from their work which has drawn the leaders attention complain