医学英语心脏

SUMC 2011-2012,Students copy,The cardiovascular system,What is the circulatory system?What does the CV system do?Internal and external anatomyCardiac cycleHeart soundsConductive system of the heartBlood vesselsDiseases of the CVS,The Heart and blood vessels together make up the cardiovascular System.,Circulate blood throughout entire body forTransport of oxygen to cellsTransport of CO2 away from cellsTransport of nutrients (glucose) to cellsMovement of immune system components (cells, antibodies)Transport of endocrine gland secretions,The Heart: location in thorax,The Heart: location in thorax,Oblique PositionApex = Left of Midline (5th ICS), Anterior to rest of heartBase (posterior surface) sits on vertebral columnSuperior Right = 3rd Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternumSuperior Left = 2nd Costal Cartilage, 1” left midsternumInferior Right = 6th Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternumInferior Left = 5th Intercostal Space at Midclavicular line,Serous membrane,Continuous withblood vessels,The Heart: muscle layers and coverings,Connective tiss,Endothilium,External Heart Anatomy,Page 44,The Heart: Chambers,Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts parts.,the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.,the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.,Circulation,Coronary circulation the circulation of blood within the heart.Pulmonary circulation the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.Systemic circulation the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.,The Heart: Valves,Bicuspid (mitral)Tricuspid (AV)PulmonaryAortic (SL),How does the Heart work?,STEP ONE,How does the Heart work?,STEP TWO,How does the Heart work?,The cycle then repeats itself.,STEP THREE,Filling of Heart Chambers the Cardiac Cycle,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,The Heart: Cardiac Output,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Cardiac output (CO) total vent blood/minAmount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minuteCO = (heart rate HR) x (stroke volume SV)Stroke volumeVolume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction,S1- What is it ?closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. (closure of the AV valves)The Pulmonic and Aortic valves are openingand blood is being forced into the arteriesS2- What is it ?The sounds are because of the closing of the Pulmonic and Aortic valves (closure of the semilunar valves),Conductive System,Action potential- electrical impulse causing the contraction of heart muscle cells,The SA node, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat and causes the atria to contract on average every 0.85 seconds. The AV node conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles. The signal for the ventricles to contract travels from the AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to the smaller Purkinje fibers.,Electrocardiogram,An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle. The P wave occurs just prior to atrial contraction; the QRS complex occurs just prior to ventricular contraction; and the T wave occurs when the ventricles are recovering from contraction.,The Vascular System,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Blood Vessels: Anatomy,Three layers (tunics)Tunic intimaEndotheliumTunic mediaSmooth muscleTunic externaMostly fibrous connective tissue,Conductive System,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Figure 11.5,Tunica externaOutermost layerelastin and collagenStrengthens, AnchorsTunica mediaMiddle layerCircular Smooth MuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunica intimaInnermost layerEndotheliumMinimize frictionLumen,Artery/Vein differences（归纳：dtwlv),Coronary artery circulation,Pulse,Pulse pressure wave of bloodMonitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated,Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure,Cardiovascular Diseases,Cardiovascular diseases include those that affect the heart and those that affect the peripheral vascular system.The heart and blood vessels may be primarily attacked by these diseases or they may be secondarily affected as a consequence of another disease.,Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease(sdosp),SmokingDiabetesObesity StressPhysical InactivityHigh Blood Pre