2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（山东卷解析版）

1 20122012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题 山东卷 解析版 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题 山东卷 解析版 第二部分 英语知识运用 共两节 满分 35 分 第一节 语法和词汇知识运用 共 15 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 15 分 从 A B C D 四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 21 When you are done with the book just give it to Lucy or Helen or A whoeverB whereverC whatever D however 答案 A 命题透视 代词词义辨析 考查对词汇意义的理解和运用 试题解析 本题来自 朗文双解词典 2632 页 是 whoever 词条中的一个例句 句意为 你看完书后 把书给 Lucy 或 Helen 或谁都行 Whoever 在这里作代词 是 不管什 么人 无论是谁 之意 22 Sorry I m late I got stuck in traffic You re here now Come in and sit down A You are welcomeB That s right C I have no ideaD Never mind 22 答案 D 命题透视 情景交际 考查英语语言交际运用能力 试题解析 上一句表达歉意 根据下一句后面的语境 此处应表示 没关系 用 never mind 表示 其他选项中 you are welcome 回答 thank you I have no idea 是 我不知道 that s right 意为 那是正确的 都不符合句意 23 Maria has written two novels both of have been made into television series A them B that C which D what 答案 C 命题透视 介词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析 解答问题的能力 试题解析 句中的先行词是 two novels 而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句 因此用 both of which 引导 That 不能引导非限制性定语从句 也不能跟在介词后面 如果选 them 则后面需要有并列连词 and 或者是独立主格结构 即 both of them made into 24 My first of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man A expressionB attentionC satisfaction D impression 答案 D 命题透视 名词词义辨析 考查对词汇意义的理解和运用 试题解析 句意为 他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而有思想的年轻人 First impression 意为 第一印象 其他选项中 attention 是 注意 expression 是 表 达 表情 satisfaction 是 满意 都不符合句意 25 It doesn t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store A howB whetherC whatD why 答案 B 2 命题透视 名词性从句 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力 试题解析 前面的 it 是形式主语 后面的 whether 是真正的主语 句意为 在这个 商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以 whether 引导主语从句 意为 是否 其他选项都 不符合句意 26 George returned after the war only that his wife had left him A to be told B telling C being told D told 答案 A 命题透视 非谓语动词 动词不定式作结果状语 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答 问题的能力 试题解析 句意为 乔治战争后回到家 结果被告知妻子已经离开了 此处是动词不定 式作结果状语 表示意料之外的结果 而且 George 和 tell 之间是被动关系 因此用 to be told 方法规律 句中的 only 是关键词 only to do be done 表示意料之外的结果 如果用 动词 ing 形式 则表示意料之中的结果 27 He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends A asB if C unlessD though 答案 A 命题透视 状语从句 as 引导时间状语从句 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问 题的能力 试题解析 句意为 当 Mary 为她喝醉了朋友道歉时 他礼貌地微笑着 根据句意 此 处只能用 as 引导这个时间状语从句 相当于 while 其他选项中 though 表示让步 不 符合句意 unless 意为 要不是 可以排除 28 After Jack had sent some e mails he working on his project A had started B has started C started D starts 答案 C 命题透视 动词时态 一般过去时 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力 试题解析 根据句中的两个动作的时间先后和前句中的 after 判断 start 的动作应该 是在 send 之后 send 是 过去之过去 的动作 所以后面的动作应该用一般过去时 29 Being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times A the the B a a C a 不填D 不填 a 答案 B 命题透视 冠词 考查对词汇意义的理解和运用 试题解析 不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用 表示名词的具体化 句中的 a drink 表示 一杯饮料 后面的 a comfort 意为 慰藉者 安慰的事 句意为 在那些难熬的时光 中 能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰 30 If we adequate preparations the conference wouldn t have been so successful A haven t madeB wouldn t makeC didn t make D hadn t made 答案 D 3 命题透视 虚拟语气与动词时态 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力 试题解析 后一句中的 wouldn t have been so successful 是虚拟语气 句意为 如 果我们没有做好充分的准备 会议就不会如此的成功 虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况 中 主句用 would have done if 引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时 31 I don t know about you but I m sick and tired of this weather I can t stand all this rain A I don t care B It s hard to sayC So am II hope not 答案 C 命题透视 特殊句式 倒装 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力 试题解析 根据后面一句中的 I can t stand all this rain 可知 此处与上一句中 的 I m sick and tired of the weather 表达同样的感受 因此应该用 So am I 表示 我也是 选项 A 和 D 都与后面一句话矛盾 B 的意思是 很难说 不符合句意 32 A number of high buildings have arisen there was nothing a year ago but ruins A whenB whereC beforeD until 答案 B 命题透视 状语从句 where 引导的地点状语从句 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解 答问题的能力 试题解析 句意为 很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方出现了 where 引导地点状语从 句 表示 在 地方 其他选项中 when 表示 当 时 与后面的 a year ago 矛 盾 before 和 until 都不符合句意 33 Be you can t expect me to finish all this work in so little time A reasonableB confidentC creative D grateful 答案 A 命题透视 形容词 考查对词汇意义的理解和运用 试题解析 本题来自 朗文双解词典 1904 页 句意为 要讲道理 你不能指望她一 个人干所有的工作 其他选项中 confident 意为 信心 creative 表示 有创造力的 grateful 意为 感激的 都不符合句意 34 The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers A will leaveB are leaving C have leftD were leaving 答案 D 命题透视 动词时态 过去将来时 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力 试题解析 句意为 听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去 经理很关注 动词 leave 发生 在过去 而且表达的是 要离去 之意 因此用 leave 过去进行式表示过去将要发生的动 作 35 After completing and signing it please return the form to us in the envelope A providing B provided C having provided D provide 4 答案 B 命题透视 非谓语动词 过去分词作定语 考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能 力 试题解析 句意为 完成并签名后 请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回 动词 provide 与其逻辑主语 envelope 之间是被动关系 在句中作定语 相当于 which is provided 第二节 完形填空 共 20 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 20 分 阅读下面短文 从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项 并在答题卡将该项涂黑 Whenever we hear about the homeless most of us think of the Developing world But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere For example how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin Germany s capital They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday Kurt and his wife stayed at home made sandwiches 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren t 42 What these people also need is warmth and 43 says Rita The Mullers didn t 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldn t face another night on the street The couple were soon 47 all their time and money so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations Today over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work We feel like parents says Rita and parents shouldn t 53 money for helping their children The love we get on the streets is our salary Though Rita admits she often gets 54 She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world 36 A result B truthC reason D idea 37 A traditional B developing C typical D wealthy 38 A preparations B housesC meals D suggestions 39 A began B met C called D left 40 A asleepB alone C acrossD away 41 A brought upB set upC put aside D gave away 42 A enoughB necessaryC helpfulD expensive 43 A fameB freedomC courageD caring 44 A hesitateB agreeC pretendD intend 45 A make senseB found out C make sure D worked out 5 46 A openB crowded C noisyD near 47 A costing B wasting C taking D spending 48 A pay for B ask for C look into D carry out 49 A completely B calmlyC regularly D roughly 50 A advertiseB sellC deliver D lend 51 A donatesB produces C designs D collects 52 A permissionB payment C directionD support 53 A borrowB raiseC saveD expect 54 A surprised B excited C tired D amused 55 A profitB difference C decisionD rule 36 答案 B 命题 名词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 前面的 but 表转折 句意为 但是事实上无家可归的到处都有 句型 the truth is that 意为 事实上 37 答案 D 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 根据上文 此处表达的是 一个像德国这么富有的国家 与前文的 for example 和后面的 like Germany 一致 38 答案 C 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 根据后文 此句句意为 他们为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了 39 答案 A 命题 动词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 由上句 此处意为 他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始 上句提到他们为无家可归 者提供食物有十一年了 所以此处应该表达何时开始 其他选项中 met 是 遇到 left 是 离开 called 是 打电话 叫 都不符合句意 40 答案 D 命题 逻辑关系和副词词义辨析 考查学生词汇的理解和对上下文的理解或对文化 常识 的理解和运用能力 解析 根据后面的 Kurt and his wife stayed at home 此处是用大多数德国人与 Kurt 夫妇作一对比 句意为 他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始 此时大多数德国人都外出度假 了 41 答案 B 命题 动词短语词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 句意为 Kurt 和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治 他们在街上布置好桌子 给无家可归 者提供食物 动词短语 set up 意为 安装 布置 临时搭起 符合句意 其他选项中 p ut aside 是 储存 撇开 bring up 意为 提出 抚养 gave away 是 无偿赠送 暴 露 之意 都不符合句意 42 答案 A 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 6 解析 由后句中的 what people also need 可知 此处应该表达的是 穆勒夫妇意识到 只有食物和衣服并不够 用 enough 43 答案 D 命题 名词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 句意为 他们也需要温暖和关怀 名词 caring 意为 关心 关怀 符合句意 其他选项中 fame 是 名誉 名声 freedom 是 自由 courage 是 勇气 都不符 合句意 44 答案 A 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 由后文中的 somebody at home to answer the phone 可知 穆勒夫妇很愿意把电 话号码给那些街上的需要帮助的人 因此此处表示 很愿意 毫不犹豫地 之意 可以用 di dn t hesitate to 表示 选项 B 和 D 的意义与后文矛盾 pretend 是 假装 之意 不符 合句意 45 答案 C 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 承接上句而来 前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给街上的人 因此此处应是 Rita 确 定家里有人随时接电话 make sure 意为 确定 符合句意 make sense 意为 有道理 find out 是 找出 查明 work out 是 算出 制定 都不符合句意 46 答案 A 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 由上句 此处意为 她家对那些不能在街上再呆一夜的人是敞开着的 Be open to 意为 对某人是敞开的 对 开放 47 答案 D 命题 动词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 句意为 穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了 此处用动词过去进行时表示 过去将要发生的动作 选项中 waste 的词意不符合句意 cost 意为 花费 但主语不能 是 sb take 也可表示 花费 但其主语一般是 sth 或形式主语 it 48 答案 B 命题 动词短语词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 承接上句而来 句意为 因此 Kurt 去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠 动词短语 ask for 意为 请求 符合句意 其他选项中 pay for 是 支付 look into 是 调查 carry out 意为 贯彻 执行 都不符合句意 49 答案 C 命题 副词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 句意为 如今 三十多家公司经常为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品 副词 regularly 意为 经常性的 符合句意 其他选项中 completely 是 完全地 完整地 calmly 意为 平静地 镇定地 roughly 是 粗略地 粗暴地 之意 都不符合句意 50 答案 C 命题 动词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 顺接上句而来 句意为 志愿者帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品物品 动词 deliver 意为 传送 递送 符合句意 其他选项中 advertise 是 作广告 lend 是 借 sell 是 卖 都不符合句意 51 答案 A 7 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 上文提到很多公司为无家可归者捐赠 此处表达的应该是 公众也给衣服和钱 而 且一家制鞋商捐赠新鞋 动词 donate 意为 捐赠 符合句意 其他选项中 produce 是 生产 design 是 设计 collect 意为 收集 都不符合句意 52 答案 B 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 由后文 此处意为 穆勒夫妇没有因为他们的工作而得到报酬 payment 是 报酬 付款 之意 符合句意 其他选项中 permission 是 允许 许可 direction 是 方向 support 是 支持 都不符合句意 53 答案 D 命题 动词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 解析 句意为 我们感觉就像父母 父母是不应该因为帮助孩子而期望得到金钱的 动词 expect 意为 期望 期待 符合句意 其他选项中 borrow 是 借 raise 是 募集 have 是 拥有 都不符合句意 54 答案 C 命题 逻辑关系 考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化 常识的理解和运用能力 解析 这是一个表示让步的句子 句意为 尽管 Rita 承认有时感到累 但她说她会继续 这工作 因为她喜欢这种让世界变得不同的感觉 55 答案 B 命题 名词词义辨析 考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力 第三部分 阅读理解 共 20 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 40 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑 A The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place Now it is an ecological disaster area Nauru s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes For thousands of years Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru far from western civilization The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798 He was the British captain of the Hunter a whaling ship He called the island Pleasant Island However because it was very remote Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first The whaling ships and other traders began to visit bringing guns and alcohol These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island A ten year civil war started which reduced the population from 1 400 to 900 Nauru s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate 磷酸盐 on the island In fact it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate which a very important fertilizer for farming The company began mining the phosphate A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground it is a strip mine When a company strip mines it removes the top layer of soil Then it takes away the material it wants Strip mining totally destroys the land Gradually the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon 8 In 1968 Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate Unfortunately the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars In addition they used millions more dollars for personal expenses Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing By 2000 Nauru was financially ruined Experts say that it would take approximately 433 600 000 and more than 20 years to repair the island This will probably never happen 56 What might be the author s purpose in writing the text A To seek help for Nauru s problems B To give a warning to other countries C To show the importance of money D To tell a heartbreaking story of a war 56 答案 B 命题 写作意图题 考查对作者写作的目的的理解和判断能力 解析 根据第一段 Nauru s heartbreak story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes 一句可知 作者认为瑙鲁的故事可以 让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西 作者的目的是警示其他国家 57 What was Nauru like before the Europeans came A Rich and powerful B Modern and open C Peaceful and attractive D Greedy and aggressive 57 答案 C 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 由第二段中的 lived on the remote island of Nauru 和第五段最后一句中的 Gradually the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon 可知 瑙鲁 以前是一个平静美丽的小岛 58 The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from A soil pollutionB phosphate overmining C farming activity D whale hunting 58 答案 B 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 瑙鲁岛上的生态灾难是因为对磷酸盐的过度开采 由第五段中的 Strip mining totally destroy the island 和 Gradually the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon 可知答案为 B 59 Which of the following was a cause of Nauru s financial problem A Its leaders misused the moneyB It spent too much repairing the island C Its phosphate mining cost much money D It lost millions of dollars in the civil war 59 答案 A 9 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 由第七段中的 Unfortunately the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollar 可知 领导人投资的不明智 加上还要花更多的钱用在个 人消费上 所以导致了财政问题 60 What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph A The ecological damage is difficult to repair B The leaders will take the experts words seriously C The island was abandoned by the Nauruans D The phosphate mines were destroyed 60 答案 A 命题 推理判断题 考查对文章言外之意进行符合逻辑的推理能力 B One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual In 1879 Oxford University in England asked Prof James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations 引文 showing how it was used This was a huge task So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain the United States and the British colonies to search every newspaper magazine and book ever written in English Hundreds of volunteers responded including William Chester Minor Dr Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England He gave his address as Broadmoor Crowthorne Berkshire 50 miles from Oxford Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray Over the next years he became one of the staff s most valued contributors But he was also a mystery In spite of many invitations he would always decline to visit Oxford So in 1897 Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself When he arrived he found Minor locked in a book lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane Murray and Minor became friends sharing their love of words Minor continued contributing to the dictionary sending in more than 10 000 submissions in 20 years Murray continued to visit Minor regularly sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds In 1910 Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend Minor died in 1920 seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed The 12 volumes defined 414 825 words and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient 61 According to the text the first Oxford English Dictionary 10 A came out before minor died B was edited by an American volunteer C included the English words invented by Murray D was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary 61 答案 D 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 根据第一段中的 serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language 可知答案选 D 62 How did Dr Minor contributed to the dictionary A He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers B He sent newspapers magazines and books to Murray C He provided a great number of words and quotations D he went to England to work with Murray 62 答案 C 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 根据第三段的第一句话 Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray 可知答案选 C 63 Why did Dr Minor refuse to visit Oxford A He was shut in an asylumB He lived far from Oxford C He was busy writing a bookD He disliked traveling 63 答案 A 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 由第四段中的 he found Minor locked in a book lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum 可知 Minor 被关在一家精神病院里 这是他不能去牛津的原因 64 Prof Murray and Dr Minor became friends mainly because A they both served in the Civil War B They had a common interest in words C Minor recovered with the help of Murray D Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor 64 答案 B 命题 细节理解题 考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力 解析 根据第五段的 Murray and Minor became good friends sharing their love of words 可知 他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱 65 Which of the following best describe Dr Minor A Brave and determined B Cautious and friendly C Considerate and optimisticD Unusual and scholarly 65 答案 D 命题 推理判断题 考查对文章言外之意进行符合逻辑的推理能力 解析 从文章的最后一句话可以推断 Minor 很博学 对做学问很投入 但他同时又是一 个精神病人 因此用 devoted scholarship unusual 等描述他最贴切 11 66 What does the text mainly talk about A The history of the English language B The friendship between Murray and Minor C Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary D Broadmoor Asylum and is patients 66 答案 C 命题 主旨大意题 考查考生整合浓缩文章信息的能力 解析 文章的关键词有两个 Minor 和 Oxford Dictionary 主要讲述的 Mr Minor 的 特别之处和他对 Oxford Dictionary 的贡献 因此文章的大意应该把这两个词都包括进去 C San Francisco has its cable cars Seattle has its Space Needle And Longview has its squirrel bridge The bridge which has attracted international attention is now a local landmark The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder Amos Peters to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds Before the bridge was built squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels Many times Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth and that day s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and