浙江省2012高考英语二轮复习 专题训练 阅读理解（6）

用心 爱心 专心1 浙江省浙江省 20122012 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 6 6 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 A Children s Books Hawking s fact and fiction George F R Ellis they re thinner and they eat differently than people who are less active They also tend to be more educated and education is one of the strongest predictors of good health in general and a longer life As a result it is impossible to know with confidence whether exercise prevents heart disease or whether people who are less likely to get heart disease are also more likely to be exercising 用心 爱心 专心3 Still in rigorous studies in which elderly people were assigned either to exercise or maintain their normal routine the exercisers were less likely to fall perhaps because they got stronger or developed better balance Exercise may prevent broken bones but only indirectly And what about weight loss Lifting weights builds muscles but will not make you burn more calories Jack Wilmore an exercise physiologist at Texas A M University calculated that the average amount of muscle that men gained after a serious 12 week weight lifting program was 2 kilograms or 4 4 pounds That added muscle would increase the metabolic rate 代谢率 by only 24 calories a day Exercise alone in the absence of weight loss has not been shown to reduce blood pressure Nor does it make much difference in cholesterol 胆固醇 levels Weight loss can lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels but if you want to lose weight you have to diet as well as exercise Exercise alone has not been shown to bring sustained weight loss Just ask Steven Blair an exercise researcher at the University of South Carolina He runs every day and even runs marathons But he adds I was short fat and bald when I started running and I m still short fat and bald Weight control is difficult for me I fight the losing battle The difficulty Dr Blair says is that it s much easier to eat 1 000 calories than to burn off 1 000 calories with exercise As he relates An old football coach used to say I have all my assistants running five miles a day but they eat 10 miles a day 5 In the case of Steven Blair running does to his weight control A littleB muchC goodD harm 6 The last paragraph of the text tells us that the problem is that people tend to A burn off 1 000 calories in a dayB use more energy than they get C get more energy than they useD run five miles in a football game 用心 爱心 专心4 7 Which of the following is true according to the text A Exercise can certainly prevent heart disease B Exercise alone can not reduce blood pressure C Lifting weight can directly prevent broken bones D Walking can not reduce blood sugar in people 8 According to the text the more educated one is the A less exercise one will takeB stronger and thinner one will be C more cigarettes one will smokeD healthier one will generally be C FRIDAY Dec 5 2008 College students who think all night study sessions will help them remember facts might want to get some sleep instead That s the message from a new study that finds that as you sleep the mind consolidates the things you learn during the day Study participants who learned how to play a video game in the morning or evening did a better job the next day after a night s rest apparently because their brains were actively absorbing what they d learned as they slept The finding shows that sleep is not just a passive state when no information is coming in said Howard Nusbaum a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago For the study the researchers recruited 200 college students Most of them weren t very familiar with playing video games Some of the participants learned how to play the games in the morning while others learned in the evening The researchers then tested the subjects on the video games 12 hours later and 24 hours later Those who took part in the morning training sessions showed an average eight percentage point improvement in their performance immediately after training They performed more poorly scoring four percentage points better 12 hours later But they scored 10 percentage points better the next morning If we train you in the morning and come back at the end of the day you 用心 爱心 专心5 forget some of what you learned Nusbaum said But if you sleep after that it restores some of what you learned The students who took part in the evening training sessions performed better the next morning after sleeping than they did after being trained The role that dreams play in the learning process if any isn t clear But some dreams could serve as a kind of practice for the brain Nusbaum said If you play a video game a lot and you re playing in your dreams maybe that could help you learn Jerry Siegel professor at the Center for Sleep Research at the University of Calfornia Los Angeles said going without sleep hurts performance but he s not convinced that sleep itself actively contributes to learning If you take a break for a few hours it can easily be shown that learning did occur because performance is better at the start of a new learning session than it was at the end of the initial session he said No sleep needs to occur for this to happen Still Siegel suggested that sleep before learning a skill is crucial For long term retention it is more important to be well rested and therefore attentive when you are doing the learning than afterwards he said It is even better if you don t have to choose and get your natural amounts of sleep every day 9What does the underlined word want in Paragraph 1 mean A lackB wish C desireD need 10What is mainly talked about in this text A The effect of video games on learning B The relation between sleep and learning C The role of dreams in the learning process D The difference between morning and evening trainings 11What would be the best title for the text A Sleep strengthens learning B Dreams clearly help learning C A break before learning is better D Video games improve 用心 爱心 专心6 performance 12Which of the following statements is true according to the passage A Training in the morning showed better results at once B Learning won t occur during sleeping without dreams C Sleeping well helps to absorb what one learned D Studying all night helps to remember more facts D An analysis of studies in 40 countries around the globe proves a long standing assumption that the more a person knows about science the more he or she tends to support scientific efforts In fact studies that have tested the link between a person s level of scientific knowledge and attitudes towards the field have generated mixed results It s been a very hard question says sociologist Nick Allum of the University of Surrey in Guildford UK To resolve the issue Allum and his colleagues pulled together the results of nearly 200 surveys carried out between 1998 and 2003 in countries from Australia to Bulgaria These studies assessed for example whether participants knew certain scientific facts and whether they supported developments in genetically modified food or nanotechnology To some extent the results prove the belief widely held by science supporters the more people know about science the more favourably they tend to view it in spite of other factors such as age nationality and level of education Allum presented his results at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington DC last week But now this question is cleared up researchers must begin to deal with more pressing questions Allum says The argument should move on His finding cannot for example show whether better science education will increase general support for the field This is because researchers have yet to figure out whether people who learn more about science then tend to like it or on the contrary whether people who already like and support science are simply 用心 爱心 专心7 tend to learn further facts And a person s level of scientific knowledge actually goes a very tiny way towards explaining their attitudes towards science Allum believes that there are probably far more important factors such as their moral values religious beliefs and political leaning And people s trust in science may be influenced by how tightly regulated they believe the process to be in their country This might explain in part why those living in different countries tend to hold different attitudes Europeans tend to be more doubtful of genetically modified crops than those in the United States for example Finally science lovers hope to strengthen support for the field but it looks as if simple science education will not be enough As Allum says It s all horribly complicated 13 In Allum s opinion will have little influence on a person s attitude towards science A scientific knowledgeB moral values C religious beliefsD political leaning 14 From the passage we can infer that A the surveys were carried out in a few countries B Europeans love science more than Americans C Allum kept his research results a secret D Nick Allum is not a natural scientist 15 The underlined word those refers to A science loversB different attitudes C people in generalD genetically modified crops 16 What is mainly talked about in this passage A Special beliefs of the sociologist Nick Allum B Link between knowledge and love of science 用心 爱心 专心8 C Ways in which people love science D The function of science education E STREAMWOOD Ill For years attendance was small at Tefft Middle School s yearly parent teacher conferences but the principal did not blame families for their poor response Instead she blamed the poor way the conferences were conducted Five years ago the most important person the student was left out of the parent teacher conference Tefft s principal Lavonne Smiley said The old conferences were such a negative thing so we turned it around allowing students not only to attend but also to lead the gatherings instead of anxiously awaiting their parents return home with the teacher s opinion on their classroom performance Recently 525 parents attended parent teacher student conferences Ms Smiley said compared with 75 parents in 2003 No appointments were needed and everyone was welcome at the conferences this year spread over two days that school officials called a Celebration of Learning I think we re learning that every school has its own DNA and there is not a prescription for conferences that works for every school Ms Kinney said There is such an increasingly diverse population at our nation s schools the one size fits all model conference just doesn t work anymore At some schools not only are students on hand for conferences but their siblings are also welcome as are grandparents aunts and uncles even family friends When Mark Heller accepted a job as an assistant principal at the middle school in his hometown of Plano Ill he discovered that the community had changed a lot in the eight years he had been a teacher in Iowa The population had nearly doubled to 10 000 residents and 37 percent of the students at Plano Middle School were now from low income families The traditional parent teacher conferences without a student present are 用心 爱心 专心9 always available by appointment and sometimes necessary for example to discuss a private matter concerning a non custodial 无监护权的 parent a family crisis the child is unaware of or a special education diagnosis Still Mr Heller is convinced that a true dialogue concerning a student s academic progress is impossible without both the child and the parent engaged and present and with the teacher on hand to share impressions and ans