新概念英语第一册101-110课自学笔记(很全、很好)

新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 1 页 共 21 页 Lesson 101 write wrote written 1 Read Jimmy s card to me Penny read 后面接了两个宾语 一个是 Jimmy s card 一个是 me 所以 这句话还可以这样来说 Read me Jimmy s card please 2 直接引语和间接引语 I have just arrived in Scotland and I m staying at a Youth Hostel 这是一个直接引语直接引语的例子 直接引语是英文中用书面语的形式来表示口语的方式 实际的话要放在引 号之间 句尾的标点符号也要放在引号之内 下面三句都属于间接引语 He says he s just arrived in Scotland He says he s staying at a Youth Hostel He says he ll write a letter soon 3 the Y H A the Youth Hostels Association 青年招待所协会 简称 青招协 the Youth Hostel 是一种为参加野外探险度假活动的青年人提供廉价 住宿的招待所 这种青年招待所实行会员制 首先要加入 青招协 才有资格享受这种待遇 在组织机构的前面 我们通常要加上定冠词 the 例如 the United Nations 联合国 the International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会 4 speak up 大声地说 还可以这样说 Louder please 5 hear 和 listen to hear 听见 听到 强调的是结果 I m afraid I can t hear you listen to 听 强调的是动作 Listen to me please 6 下列从句中 都省略了 that He says he s just arrived in Scotland He says he s staying at a Youth Hostel He says he ll write a letter soon You know he s a member of the Y H A I m afraid I can t hear you I hope you are all well He hopes we are all well 7 Love Jimmy 爱你的吉米 Yours Jimmy 你的 吉米 这是朋友间通信时常用的结束语 8 He doesn t say very much does he 这是一个反意疑问句 它的回答如下 No he doesn t 是的 他没有写多少 Yes he does 不 他写了很多 She went to Paris last month didn t she Yes she did 是的 他去巴黎了 No she didn t 不 他没有去 这是英文中的反意疑问句 它是由两部分组成的 前面是一个陈述句 逗号之后是一个简略问句 反 意疑问句可以用来确认自己的判断 获取真实的信息 还可以用来表示惊讶 愤怒等感情 如果前一部 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 2 页 共 21 页 分陈述句是肯定形式 简略问句就要用否定形式 如果前一部分是否定形式 后一部分则用肯定形式 9 He can t write very much on a card I write to my family regularly write to 给某人写信 The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard 10 本课基本句型 都省略了 that I m afraid He says He hopes I m afraid I can t hear you He says he ll write a letter soon He hopes we are all well 11 反意疑问句 肯定式 否定式 否定式 肯定式 be 动词 The pen is yours isn t it Yes it is No it isn t That was a wonderful night wasn t it Yes it was No it wasn t You aren t a teacher are you Yes I am No I m not 一般 动词 Lucy likes English doesn t she Yes it does No it doesn t Tom is skating isn t he Yes he is No he isn t You don t study Chinese do you Yes we do No we don t 情态 动词 Your brother can swim can t he Yes he can No he can t The workers had to take the first bus didn t they Yes they did No they didn t Your brother can t swim can he Yes he can No he can t 现在 完成 时 Tom has lived here for many years hasn t he Yes he has No he has t He hasn t been to the Great Wall has he Yes he has No he has t 12 直接引语和间接引语 当我们引用别人的话时 我们可以用别人的原话 也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来 当直接 引用的句子为不同类型时 间接引用的句式变化很大 当我们引用别人说话时 若引用的是原话 被引用的部分叫做直接引语直接引语 当我们要引用别人的话语时 可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来 被引用的部分叫做间接引语间接引语 直接引语间接引语 She said I like English very much Mike asked When will our plane land She said she liked English very much Mike asked When their plane would land 1 只须将原话放在引号之中 不做任何改动 2 没有时态呼应的问题 3 引用原话前可以用 也可以用 4 原话的末尾 按其类别放一个句号或问号等 1 不要逗号 冒号 引号 2 要考虑到人称人称的变化 3 要考虑到时态时态的变化 4 要考虑到时间状语 地点状语和指示代词时间状语 地点状语和指示代词的变化 He said I m sleepy He said that he was sleepy She said Your younger brother broke it She said that my younger brother had broken it He said I have lived in Beijing since 1950 He said that he had lived in Beijing since 1950 13 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语 连接宾语从句的有从属连词 连接代词和连接副词三类词 这 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 3 页 共 21 页 三类词在句中的功能各异 请看下表 注意 宾语从句中的语序 注意 宾语从句中的语序 词类词类在句中的功能在句中的功能举例举例中文释义中文释义例句例句 that 在句中不担任成分不担任成分 可省略可省略 that一般不译I believe that this house is for sale I believe they will arrive shortly whether 是否 从属从属 连词连词 whether if 在句中也不担任成不担任成 分分 但都不能省略不能省略 if 是否 We don t know if whether our teaches will attend the class meeting who 谁 主格 I know who did the good deed whom 谁 宾格 whose 谁的 所有格 what 什么 所 的You must take back what you said 连接连接 代词代词 除了在句中起连接作用外 还在在 从句中担任成分从句中担任成分 做主语 宾语 定语 which 哪个 He asked me which shirt I liked best when 什么时候I want to know when the plane will take off where 什么地方He asked me where he would arrive how 怎样 如何 Please tell me how I can get there 连接连接 副词副词 除了在句中起连接作用外 还在在 从句中担任成分从句中担任成分 做状语 why 为什么 的原 因 之所以 Our teacher asked me why I was late Lesson 102 1 tired What does he say He says he feels tired 2 thirsty What do they say They say they are thirsty 3 a headache What s the matter with her She says she s got a headache 4 an earache What s the matter with her She says she has an earache 5 a licence What does she need 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 4 页 共 21 页 She says she needs a licence 6 some money What do they want They say they want some money 7 catch What must he do He says he must catch the bus 8 repair What can he do He says he can repair this bus 9 sell What will he do He says he will sell the house 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 5 页 共 21 页 Lesson 103 1 How was the exam Richard 这句话还可以这样说 How did the exam go 2 Not too bad 不算太坏 Pretty good 还不错 pretty 3 I think I passed in English and Mathematics 我想我的英语和数学及格了 如果说通过某一个考试 直接 用动词 pass 如果说通过某一科目 则用 pass in fail 不及格 pass fail the English paper test exam 4 paper 这个词当 试卷 讲时 是可数名词 the English and Maths papers 英文和数学卷子 paper 当 纸张 讲时 是不可数名词 a piece of paper paper 还可以当 论文 讲 Have you finished your paper 5 How about 怎么样 相当于我们前面学过的 What about 用于征求他人意见或询问情况 What about you How about going to France for our next holiday 6 easy enough for me 是指对我来说不难 我可以完成和通过 而 too difficult for me 是指对我来说太难了 无法完成和通过 for 对于某人来说 The house isn t big enough for us 形容词 enough to do sth 十分 足够 She s old enough to make her own decisions He is rich enough to buy a plane enough 如果修饰形容词或副词 它必须放在形容词或副词的后面 例如上面两例 enough 还可以做形 容词来修饰名词 则放在名词的前面 后面都可以 I have money enough to buy a dictionary I haven t got enough money to pay for that car 7 But I couldn t answer the rest the rest of the queations 8 They were too difficult for me too 过于 too for sb sth to do 对于某人 某物 来说 太 以至不能 This pair of shoes are too small for me The question is too difficult us to answer too 形容词 副词 to do 太 以至于 不能 做 He is too young to go to school 9 French tests are awful aren t they awful 可以形容人或物 表示 很可怕 很糟糕 很讨厌 hate 在口语中常用来表示非常强烈的语气 I hate them I hate traffic jams 我很讨厌堵车 I hate telling lies 我讨厌撒谎 10 I m sure I ve got a low mark a high mark I m sure I ve done badly well 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 6 页 共 21 页 11 cheer up 振作起来 可以用来鼓励你的同学 朋友或同事等 12 Perhaps we didn t do too badly too badly 那么糟糕 13 The guy next to me wrote his name at the top of the paper guy 口语中常用 相当于 person The person beside me at the top of 在顶端 在上方 at the bottom of 在末端 在底端 14 文中的 yes 相当于 And then 意思是 然后呢 然后怎么了 15 Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours for three hours 连续三个小时 16 本课基本句型 I could answer the questions They were very easy I couldn t answer the questions They were too difficult The question were easy enough for me to answer The question were too difficult for me to answer 17 名名词词 1 名 名词词的种的种类类 分类分类例词例词 表示人名Li Bai 李白 Lu Xun 鲁迅 Mr Dick 迪克先生 Chairman Hu 胡主席 表示地名China 中国 Chang an street 长安街 London 伦敦 Zhong shan Park 中山公园 专有专有 名词名词 指人 地方 团体 机 构等特有的名称 它的 第一个字母必须大写 专有名词前一般不加冠 词 由普通名词构成 的专有名词 the United States of America 美国 the Summer Palace 颐和园 个体名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中 的个体 student teacher car panda 可数可数 名词名词 集合名词集合名词表示若干个体组成的 集合体 family police army team crowd group people 抽象名词抽象名词表示动作 状态 品 质 感情等抽象的概 念 music cold love rest power 威力 普通普通 名词名词 指一类人或东西或一个 抽象的名称 不可不可 数名数名 词词 物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的 物质或实物 water tea air fire rain wood 2 单单数可数名数可数名词词 如果我们要表示一本书 一只鸟 一棵树等概念时 要用名词的单数形式 表示名词的单数 要在名 词前加不定冠词不定冠词 a 或 an 例如 a bird an egg This is a desk There is an orange on the table a 和 an 的使用区别 a以辅音开头辅音开头的名词前a book a pen a new orange an以元音开头元音开头的名词前an apple an old desk an orange 3 复数可数名 复数可数名词词 规则变化 规则变化例句 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 7 页 共 21 页 在清辅音后读 s book books cup cups 在浊辅音和元音后读 z bed beds 1在一般情况下 词尾后加 s 其它Boys horses pages 2以 s x ch sh 结尾的词 加 es 读作 iz bus buses box boxes dish dishes watch watches 3以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 先将 f 或 fe 变成 v 再加 es 读作 vz half halves wife wives 4以 o 结尾的词 词尾加 es 或 s 都读 z hero heroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes zoo zoos piano pianos photo photos 5以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 先将 y 改为 i 再加 es 读 iz city cities family families 6以元音字母加 y 结尾的词 直接加 s 读 z day days boy boys 7以 th 结尾的词 在词尾加 sth 读 加上 s 读 th 读 加上 s 读 mouth mouths path paths month month 不规则变化 不规则变化例词 1元音发生变化man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice goose geese 2词尾发生变化child children 3单 复数形式不变fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese 4有些名词只有复数形式clothes 衣服 trousers 裤子 glasses 眼睛等 Your trousers are over there 合成名词变为复数时 变化例词 1把第一个或最后一个词变 成复数 highway highways girl friend girl friends son in law sons in law 女婿 2把构成合成名词的两个词 都要变为复数 man doctor men doctors woman teacher women teachers 4 名 名词词的用法的用法 名词在句中可以担任除谓语外的任何成分 即主语 表语 宾语 状语 宾补 定语等 例句说明 1China is a great country 名词作主语 2I m a student 名词作表语 3All of us love peace 名词作动词宾语 4They are listening to music 名词作介词宾语 5You should study English step by step 名词作状语 6The party lasted two hours 名词作状语 7Our school named our class Lei Feng class 名词作宾补 8This is our teachers office 名词所有格作定语 9Ten minutes walk isn t long 名词所有格作定语 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 8 页 共 21 页 Lesson 104 1 clever answer all the questions Could he answer all the questions Yes he could He was clever enough to answer them 2 stupid answer all the questions Could he answer all the questions No he couldn t He was too stupid to answer them 3 cheap buy the car Why could he buy the car Because it was very cheap 4 expensive buy the car Why couldn t he buy the car Because it was too expensive 5 loud hear the stereo Why could they hear the stereo Because it was very loud 6 low hear the stereo Why couldn t they hear the stereo Because it was too low 7 sweet eat the orange Could she eat the orange Yes she could It was sweet enough for her to eat 8 sour eat the orange Could she eat the orange No she couldn t It was too sour for her to eat 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 9 页 共 21 页 Lesson 105 spell spelt spelt 1 I want her I want to see speak to her 2 Do you want to speak to her 在这句话中 to speak 是动词 want 的宾语 而这个结构 动词原形前加 to 在英文中被称为动词 不定式 本课用动词不定式作宾语的例句还有 1 want her to come to my office Tell her to come at once Did you want to see me 1 want you to type it again 等 3 want 的三种用法 want sb sth I want her want to do sth Do you want to speak to her want sb to do sth I want her to come to my office 4 Tell her to come at once Tell sb to do sth 它的否定式是 Tell sb not to do sth 5 Can you tell me 完整意思是 Can you tell me how to spell intelligent 6 full of 充满了 This letter s full of mistakes The room is full of smoke Her eyes were full of tears 7 I m sorry about that be sorry about sth sorry 后面还可以跟从句 例如 I m sorry I made so many mistakes 8 And here s a little present for you 这里 and 表示承上启下 使上下文紧密联系 当 于是 因此 讲 9 many much a few few a little little 辨析 many 多数 只能和复数可数名词连用 At the party I didn t know many people much 多量 只能和不可数名词连用 How much money do you have a few 肯定 few 否定 用于可数名词But we have a few small differences too 有区别 We have few differences 没区别 a little 肯定 little 否定 用于不可数名词They were all very big and strong and we felt a little afraid of them Although they were all very big and strong we felt little afraid of them 既可以修饰可数名词可数名词 也 a lot of much 可数名词可数名词之前 可以修饰不可数名词不可数名词 主 lots of 用于否定句或疑问句否定句或疑问句中 要用于肯定句肯定句中 plenty of many 不可数名词不可数名词之前 例如 We haven t got much tea or coffte We haven t got many tomatoes 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 10 页 共 21 页 We have got a lot of potatoes 10 I hope it ll help you 如果指出有所帮助的具体方面 我们可以用 with 这个词 I hope it ll help you with your spelling I often help my mum with the cleaning 11 动词不定式 基本句型 1 I want to go 基本句型 2 He wants to go 基本句型 3 I wanted to go 基本句型 4 They were asked to go 他们被要求去 基本基本 1 1 是动词不定式的典型用法 它有两个表示动作的词语 一个是 want 另外一个是 to go want 是这个句子的主要动词 它会随着主语的人称 数和时态而变化 to go 不管主语的数 人称和时态如何变化 它永远保持 to 动词原形 的形式 to go 就是不定式 在基本在基本 2 2 3 3 4 4 中 主语 时态 语态有变化 但不定式 to go 不受影响 毫无变化 动词不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形动词原形 有时可以不带 有时可以不带 to 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 在句子中不能做谓语 但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分除谓语外的任何成分 主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语和宾语补足语 动词不定式可以在句中担任名词 形容词 副词名词 形容词 副词的作用 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点 即它可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成 不定式短语 例如 I want to read the book 我想读这本书 主语 谓语 不定式 read 的宾语 He wants to speak at the meeting 他想在会议上发言 主语 谓语 不定式 speak 的状语 不定式前的不定式前的 toto 与做介词与做介词 toto 的区别 的区别 不定式前面的 to 也称作小品词 和做介词的 to 是有差别的 介词 to 之后要跟名词 代词的宾格 名词 代词的宾格 或相当于名词的词及短语或相当于名词的词及短语做它的宾语 而不定式 to 之后要跟动词原形动词原形 want to read 不定式的小品词 to read the book 不定式的小品词 listen to me 介词 to 12 本课基本句型 动词不定式 I want you him her them to Tell him her them to I want her to come to my office Tell her to come to my office I don t want you him her them to Tell him her them not to I don t want her to type this letter again Tell her not to type this letter again 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 11 页 共 21 页 Lesson 106 I want you him her them to Tell him her them to 1 carry it What do you want me to do I want you to carry it 2 correct it What do you want me to do I want you to correct it 3 listen to it Why is the boy putting a record on Because he wants them to listen to it 4 move it The policeman is talking to the man and the woman He s telling them to move it 5 try it The woman is taking a cake to the man She is telling him to try it 6 keep it What does the man tell the woman He tells her to keep it 7 hurt yourself What did she tell him She told him not to hurt himself 8 fall 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 12 页 共 21 页 What did she tell him She told him not to fall 9 break it What did she tell him She told him not to break it 10 cut yourself What did she tell him She told him not to cut yourself 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 13 页 共 21 页 Lesson 107 It s too small 1 Do you like this dress madam madam 是对妇女的一种尊称 服务行业的人员常用此称呼 同时 对于不知姓名的女士也可以用此来 表示尊重 这个单词也可拼作 ma am 2 in fashion 流行的 Short skirts are in fashion now They were in fashion last year These shoes are in fashion now 3 Would you like to try it try 在本句中的意思是 试穿 我们还可以用 try on 来表示 试穿 try it on 代词放在 on 的前面 try on the dress 名词放在 on 的后面 4 Would you like 你愿意 吗 用来表示委婉的请求或提议 Would you like to go swimming Would you like a glass of water 后面还可以跟一个名词性的词组 5 I m afraid this green dress is too small for me as well as well too too small for me 对我来说太小了 6 It s smaller than the blue one 它比那套蓝色的小一些 I think the blue dress is prettier 在英文中 我们把一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时 就要用形容词的比较级 1 规则变化 构成法构成法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级 fast 快 adj adv faster the fastest great 巨大的 adj greaterthe greatest near 附近的 adj adv nearer the nearest 一般单音节词组单音节词组和部分部分 双音节词组双音节词组 在词尾加 er 比较级 和 est 最高级 tall 高的 adj tallerthe tallest able 有能力的 adj ablerthe ablest large 大的 adj largerlargest late 晚的 adj adv later the latest 以不发音的不发音的 e 结尾的单单 音节音节和少数以少数以 le 结尾的 双音节双音节只在词尾加 r 比 较级 和 st 最高级 nice 好的 adj nicerthe nicest busy 忙的 adj busierthe busiest early 早 adj adv earlier the earliest 辅音字母辅音字母 y 结尾的 双音节词双音节词 将词尾的 y 改为 i 再加 er 和 est easy 容易的 adj easierthe easiest 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 14 页 共 21 页 big 大的 adj biggerthe biggest hot 热的 adj hotterthe hottest 重读闭音节词重读闭音节词 只以一个 辅音字母结尾时 要双写 该辅音字母 再加 er 和 est thin 细 瘦 adj thinnerthe thinnest beautiful 漂亮的 adj more beautifulthe most beautiful important 重要的 adj more importantthe most important quickly 快 adv more quickly the most quickly 部分双音节双音节和多音节词多音节词 在前面加 more 和 the most 构成比较级和最高 级 slowly 慢 adv more slowly the most slowly 2 不规则变化 原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级 good 好的 adj well 好的 adj adv better the best bad 坏的 adj ill 病的 adj badly 坏 adv worse the worst many 多 adj adv much 多 adj adv more the most far 远 adj adv farther further the farthest the furthest little 少 adj adv less the least old 老的 adj older elder the oldest the eldest late 迟的 晚的 adj later latter the latest the last 7 I don t like the colour either either 用在否定句中 表示 也 I don t like the colour as well either 与 too 的用法比较 too 一般用于肯定句 通常放在句末 前面有逗号 否定句中用 either You are a student I am a student too You aren t a teacher I am not a teacher either His elder sister studies English I study it too He doesn t like swimming I don t like it either 8 It doesn t suit me at all suit 适合 at all 用在否定句中 表示强调 The color doesn t go along with fit you go along with fit 意思和 suit 相同 The job suits him 9 Could you show me another blue dress Could you 用在表示请求 比 Can you 更婉转客气 例 Could you tell me the way to the post office 请你告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗 Could you pass me that book 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 15 页 共 21 页 10 I want a dress like that one 和那件一样的衣服 11 but it must be my size the large size 大号 the small size 小号 12 This is the largest dress in the shop 这是店里最大的一件衣服 句中使用了形容词的最高级 它是在形容词原级后面加上 est 在最高级形容词之前要加定冠词 the 最高级用在将一个人或物与其他一个以上的人或物作比较时 13 本课基本句型 The blue dress is small The green dress is smaller than the blue one The green dress is the smallest dress in the shop of them all 都限制了一定的范围 I ve ever seen Lesson 108 How do they compare 1 talltaller tallest Sophie is tall Paul is taller than Sophie Hans is the tallest students in our class 2 hot hotter hottest It is hot today It was hotter yesterday The day before yesterday was the hottest day in the year 3 nice nicer nicest It is nice today It will be nicer tomorrow The day after tomorrow will be the nicest day in the week 4 large larger largest There was a large crowd at the race last year 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 16 页 共 21 页 This year the crowd is larger It is the largest crowd I have ever seen 5 heavy heavier heaviest The blue suitcase is heavy The pink suitcase is heavier than the blue one The green suitcase is the heaviest of them all 6 easy easier easiest The English test is easy The Maths test is easier The Fresh test is the easiest of them all 新概念英语语法 日积月累 厚积薄发 第 17 页 共 21 页 Lesson 109 A good idea 1 That s a good idea 还可以简单说成 Good idea 2 Shall I make some coffee 句中的 shall 是征求意见的意思 What shall we do this evening Shall we go to the cinema 3 some 和 any 的用法 some any 可与单 复数可数名词和不可数名词连用 可与单 复数可数名词和不可数名词连用 some 一般用于肯定句中 而不能用于疑问句中 一般用于肯定句中 而不能用于疑问句中 any 一般用于否定句 疑问句和条件句中 一般用于否定句 疑问句和条件句中 I have some science books There is some ink in the bottle I haven t any money Do you have any Is there any coffee in the tin Do you want any milk 在提出建议 征求意见的疑问句中 我们仍然用在提出建议 征求意见的疑问句中 我们仍然用 some Shall I make some coffee Would you like some coffee 后面还有 Woule you like some more 4 Two teaspoonfuls One and a half teaspoonfuls one teaspoonful and a half 类似的用法如 a handful of sand people 5 less than that 意思是 比那稍微少一些 其中的 that 指上文中的 two teaspoonfuls 6 I d like a cigarette too I d 1would I d like 我想要 7 Do you like any milk Juse a little please I think there are a few in that box many 多数 只能和复数可数名词连用 At the party I didn t know many people much 多量 只能和不可数名词连用 How much money do you have a few 肯定 few 否定 用于可数名词But we have a few small differences too 有区别 We have few differences 没区别 a litt