2012版高中英语一轮 Unit1《Great scientists》知识点学案 新人教版必修5

1 20122012 版英语一轮知识点学案 版英语一轮知识点学案 Unit1 GreatUnit1 Great scientists scientists 新人教版必修 新人教版必修 5 5 重点单词聚焦 1 We were 击败 打败 0 1 in the football game which made us very upset 答案 defeated 2 Some 专家 in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture 答案 experts 3 Environmental pollution is one of the most serious 挑战 we face 答案 challenges 4 The police 怀疑 the man in the red jacket was a criminal but they didn t have any evidence 答案 suspected 5 So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to 照顾 her baby for a day 答案 attend 6 After graduating from college he became an excellent 内科医生 答案 physician 7 Happiness instead of medicine was the 治愈方法 for her illness 答案 cure treatment 8 People all around the world tried to help the 受害者 of the earthquake in that area 答案 victims 9 Richardson 推断出 from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off 答案 concluded 10 You d better not be 暴露 to the sun too long it may lead to skin diseases 答案 exposed 重点短语扫描 1 put forward 提出 2 expose to 使显露 暴露 2 3 apart from 除 之外 此外 4 make sense 讲得通 有意义 5 draw a conclusion 得出结论 6 link to 将 和 联系或连接起来 7 be strict with 对 严格的 8 make room for 为 腾地方 9 be to blame 应受谴责 应负责任 10 be against 违背 反对 11 point of view 态度 观点 看法 12 slow down 减速 13 lead to 通向 导致 14 look into 调查 课文原句突破 1 人们不知道它的病源 也不了解它的治疗方法 its cause its cure was understood 答案 Neither nor 2 每次暴发霍乱时 都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死 So many thousands of terrified people died there was an outbreak 答案 every time 3 为防止这种情况再度发生 约翰 斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测 this from happening again John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 答案 To prevent be examined 4 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚 you put the sun there the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense 答案 Only if did 5 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上 而行星围绕着它转 只有月球仍绕着地球转 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system the planets round it and only the moon still going round the earth 答案 with going 3 conclusion n C U 结论 结束 教材原句 P1 Draw a conclusion 得出结论 We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker 从他的外表我们可以断定他烟 抽得很凶 We concluded the meeting with an English song 我们以一首英语歌结束这次会议 They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace 他 们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链 We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion 我们将作进一步的讨论 然后再作出最终结论 In conclusion I think there is hope for the future 总之 我认为将来还有希望 1 Ann seems to be upset What s up She from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores A includes B concludes C suggests D contains 解析 下句意为 她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意 答案 B defeat defeated defeated vt 打败 战胜 使受挫 n 失败 教材原句 P2 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA 约翰 斯诺战胜 霍乱王 The army was well trained and well armed and had little difficulty defeating the enemy 这支部队装备齐全又受过良好的训练 打败敌人没有困难 Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome she never let her problems defeat her 虽然生活中有许多困难 但她从不让困难打败自己 Our baseball team has suffered another defeat 我们的棒球队再次失败 辨析 defeat beat 与 win 4 这三个词都有 赢 的意思 但用法不尽相同 1 defeat 和 beat 都可接 sb 作宾语 一般可以互换 其宾语通常是 人 或 一个团体 如 a team a class a school an army 等 另外 defeat 还可用于指战争中 击败 敌军或入侵者 2 win 后接 sth 如 game war prize love respect 等 后接 sb 时表示 争取某人 2 用 win beat 或 defeat 填空 1 Much to his disappointment he was badly in the election 2 Who do you think will the beauty contest 3 You me in the race but I ll you at tennis 答案 1 defeated 2 win 3 beat defeated beat defeat expose vt 暴露 揭露 使曝光 使面临 教材原句 P2 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera 但当他一想到要帮助 那些 受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓 他就感到很振奋 Don t expose your skin to direct sunlight or you ll get sunburnt 不要让你的皮肤直接暴 晒于阳光下 否则你会被晒伤 The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain 那辆自行车任由风吹雨打 We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible 我们想让孩子们受到尽可 能多的艺术和文化熏陶 As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers 作为战地护士 她置身于危险之中 3 完成句子 暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害 sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin 答案 Being exposed to absorb vt 吸收 吸引 使专心 并入 并吞 教材原句 P2 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的 1 absorb one s attention 吸引某人注意 2 absorbed adj 聚精会神的 专心致志的 极感兴趣的 5 be absorbed by into 被 吞并 被 所吸收 be absorbed buried in 全神贯注于 I was so absorbed in this book that I didn t hear you come in 我正入神地看这本书 连你进来也没听见 Absorbed in his work Tom simply forgot food and sleep 汤姆专心于工作 几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉 The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization 这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了 4 For the next two hours she was the film so she didn t notice what happened around her A engaged in B busy with C absorbed in D occupied with 解析 考查短语辨析 句意为 在此后的两个小时里 她在专心看电影 因而没有注意到周围所发生 的事情 be engaged in 从事 be busy with 忙于 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be occupied with 忙 于 答案 C 5 in her new novel the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study A Having deeply absorbed B Deeply absorbing C Deeply having been absorbed D Deeply absorbed 解析 本题考查非谓语动词的用法 短语 be absorbed in 的意思为 专心于 答案 D blame vt 责备 谴责 把 归咎于是 n 过失 责备 教材原句 P2 It seemed that the water was to blame 看来水是罪魁祸首 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack s careless driving 警察把那起交通事故归咎 于杰克的粗心驾驶 I don t blame you for doing that 我不责备你做了那事 The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident 6 这位司机不应承担交通事故 You must bear the blame for the accident 你必须承担这次事故的责任 6 Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16 year old boy saying that he was not the one A blamed B blaming C to blame D to be blamed 解析 he was not the one to blame 意为 他不是那个应该受责备的人 答案 C 7 for the breakdown of the school computer network Alice was in low spirits A Blaming B Blamed C To blame D To be blamed 解析 本题考查非谓语动词的用法 句意为 Alice 因为电脑网络故障被责备 情绪很低落 非谓语形 式用做原因状语 主语是这个动作的承受者 故用过去分词 blame D 项 to be blamed 有将要的意思 答案 B 8 Don t always your own failure others Sometimes you yourself A blame on are to be blamed B blame for are to blame C blame on are to blame D blame for are to be blamed 解析 句意为 不要总把失败归咎于他人 有时该责怪你自己 blame sth on sb 把 归咎于某人 be to blame 该受责备 要用主动式表被动意义 答案 C contribute vt vi 捐款 贡献 捐助 He contributed some money to the flood victims 他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民 Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health 我们的老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康 He has made great contributions to a space development program 他对太空发展计划有很大贡献 7 Many people contributed money to the poor boy which contributed to his returning to school A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱 这使他重新回到了校园 一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投 到了报社 9 Eating too much fat can heart diseases and cause high blood pressure A result from B contribute to C attend to D devote to 解析 contribute to 导致 其后常接表示结果的名词 答案 B put forward 提出 建议 推荐 将 提前 教材原句 P1 Who put forward a theory about black holes 谁提出的黑洞理论 He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting 他在会上提了一个很好的建议 The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering 那位老教授提出的计划 很值得考虑 They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周 put aside 节省 储蓄 储存 put away 放好 积蓄 put off 延期 推迟 put on 穿上 演出 put out 熄灭 生产 put up 举起 张贴 公布 挂起 建造 Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today 今日事今日毕 It s wise to have some money put away for old age 存些钱养老是明智的做法 They have put up a lot of high rise buildings recently 最近他们盖起来很多高楼大厦 10 完成句子 8 The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith 昨 天在会议上提出的 答案 put forward at the meeting yesterday apart from 除 之外 此外 教材原句 P4 Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned the following phrases 除了以上提到的结构 你也学过下面的词组 Apart from you I had no one to talk to 相当于 but except 除了你 我再也没有可交谈的人了 Apart from a few faults he is a respectable teacher 相当于 except for 除几个缺点外 他是 个值得尊敬的老师 This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes 除了有些拼写错误 这篇文章写得不错 in addition to 相当于介词 besides 表示 除 以外还 In addition to giving a general introduction to computers the course also provide practical experience 课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外 还提供实际操作的机会 11 2010 杭州学军中学模拟 its low cost the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength its resistance to fire and its potential to span vast areas A Other than B Apart from C Except for D Rather than 解析 句意为 除了低成本外 对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点 耐火性以及在其他广 泛领域中的应用潜能 apart from 在此处相当于介词 besides 符合语意 other than 除了 except for 除 以外 rather than 胜于 均不符合语意 答案 B 12 She knows nothing about her new neighbor he moved into the building last Sunday A except that B except C apart from D besides 解析 此题考查except 后跟宾语从句的用法 except 后连词不可省略 答案 A make sense 有意义 有道理 讲得通 9 教材原句 P7 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense 只有把太阳放在中心位置上 天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通 This sentence just doesn t make sense no matter how you read it 无论你怎样读这个句子 它还是讲不通 It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good 这些便宜的大衣也很好 何必非买那件贵的不可呢 make sense of 理解 明白 make no sense 没道理 没意义 there is no sense in doing sth 做 没道理 in a sense 在某一方面 就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不 Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it 我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义 There s no sense in getting angry about it 为此生气是没有意思的 You are right in a sense but you don t know all the facts 在某种意义上你是对的 但你不了解全部事实 13 What s the central idea of the passage Bob Sorry I can t make of it It s beyond my ability A judgement B understanding C idea D sense 解析 句意为 Bob 这篇文章的中心思想是什么 对不起 我不明白 这篇文章 这超出我 的能力范围了 make sense of 明白 理解 答案 D Neither its cause nor its cure was understood 人们既不知道其起因 又不知道它的治疗方法 neither nor 既不 也不 连接句中两个相同成分 Neither my father nor I was there 我父亲和我都不在那里 I have neither time nor money for the ball 我既没时间也没钱参加舞会 10 If Joe s wife won t go to the party neither will I 如果 Joe 的妻子不参加晚会 我也不去 The man never went to school so he could neither read nor write 这个人从来没上过学 因此 他既不会读也不会写 14 Bill wasn t happy about the delay of the report by Jason and A I was neither B neither was I C I was either D either was I 解析 句意为 比尔对 Jason 做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴 我也不高兴 根据题意可知 我也不 高兴 neither nor 系动词 助动词 情态动词 sb 表示某人也不 同意或赞成上文的观点 易把 either 看做 neither 无 either was I 句式 故选 B 答案 B So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak 每次爆发霍乱时 都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死 1 every time 引导一个时间状语从句 相当于 whenever 意 思是 每当 2 名词词组作连词用 引导时间状语从句的有 every time each time any time the last time next time the first time the moment the second the minute the hour the day 等 3 有些副词 如 directly instantly immediately 也可引导状 语从句 Every time I catch a cold I have pains in my back 我每次感冒背就痛 The first time I climbed onto the wall I felt very nervous 我第一次爬到墙上去时 感到很紧张 She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake 她一看到蛇就叫了起来 I left immediately the clock struck 5 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了 1 for the first time 是介词短语 只可作时间状语 而 the first time 是连词 引导时间状语从句 2 It is the first time that 如果前面用 is 从句动词用现在完成时 如果用 was 则用过去完 成时 11 2 3 It s high about time that 从句动词用过去时或 should 动词原形 It is the first time that I have been to Beijing 这是我第一次去北京 It is high time that we left for Beijing 该到我们出发去北京的时间了 15 It s the first time that he has been to Australia A isn t he B hasn t he C isn t it D hasn t it 解析 句意为 这是他第一次到澳大利亚 不是吗 It s the first time that 是固定句型 反 意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定 答案 C 16 2009 陕西卷 This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family A see B had seen C saw D have seen 解析 句意为 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影 This It is the 序数词 time that 从句 为固定句型 that 从句需用现在完成时 答案 D 17 Don t stop you meet with a word you don t understand A at the time B each time C by the time D sometimes 解析 考查名词性词组用做连词引导时间状语从句 句意为 不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来 有 类似用法的还有 next time 下次 last time 上次 the moment 一 就 等 而 A D 两项不 能连接句子 C 项意义不对 答案 B 18 2011 云南玉溪模拟 you talk to someone or write a message you show your skills to others A At times B Some time C Every time D The time 解析 句意为 每次你与别人交谈或写信息 你都向别人展示你的技能 every time 是名词词组用做 连词 引导时间状语从句 12 答案 C To prevent this from happening again John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined 为防止这种情况再度发生 约翰 斯诺建议 所有水源都要经过检测 suggest 在此意为 建议 后接从句作宾语时 谓语动词要用 should do should 可以省略 I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way 我向他建议我们用另一种方 式处理这个问题 He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution 他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法 1 suggest 后接动词时要用 ing 形式 2 suggest 意为 暗示 时 表语从句用正常的时态 The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather 由于天 气不好 校长建议推迟运动会 Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done 她脸上的表情暗示了她对我们做的事情不满意 19 Jane s pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she a medical examination A be should have B was have C should be had D was has 解析 句中第一个 suggest 意为 表明 从句不用虚拟语气 应用过去时态 第二个 suggest 意为 建议 应用虚拟语气 省略了 should 答案 B 完成句子 1 We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions 提出 by the teacher 答案 put forward 2 In the end he 得出结论 that the murderer was one of the four people 答案 concluded drew a the conclusion 3 The camera 连接到 a computer so that the photos can be copied onto the computer 答案 is linked to 4 In fact 除 之外 money the old man needs more care 13 答案 apart from 5 It is not the child but his parents who 该负责 for this 答案 is to blame 6 The police 调查 the case for several months but didn t find any useful clues 答案 had looked into 7 The bus 减速 and stopped as it approached the bus station 答案 slowed down 8 When the party 结束 the girls left together 答案 came to an end 巧思妙解 1 2011 江西师大附中模拟 you take part in physical activity be able to keep fit and stay healthy A Only if you will B Only if will you C Unless you will D Unless will you 解析 考查部分倒装 句意为 只有参加体育锻炼 你才能保持身体健康 Only 状语从句 放于句 首时 主句要进行部分倒装 此处是 Only if 引导的条件状语从句 故主句须用倒装形式 因而排除 A C 两项 unless 不符合语意 故排除 D 而选 B 答案 B 2 Only at the moment that only late for the meeting Everybody else was seated calmly in their places A did I realize I was B did I realize was I C I realized I was D I realized was I 解析 考查倒装句和语序 当 only 修饰主语之外的句子成分如状语 宾语并与它所修饰的成分一起放 在句首时 句子要用倒装 因此第一空用倒装形式 第二空的 only 修饰宾语从句的主语 此时句子应用 正常语序 因此选 A 答案 A 3 Every one of us must know we live can we save the earth A by changing the way only B only by changing the way C by only changing the way 14 D by changing only the way 解析 空格后为倒装语序 判定选项应为 only 介词短语 答案 B 4 by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantag