情态动词特殊用法大集合

1 情态动词特殊用法大集合情态动词特殊用法大集合 范县希望中学高中英语组范县希望中学高中英语组 命题人 孙腾光命题人 孙腾光 情态动词除了基本的用法以外还有许多特殊之处 最基本的用法读者可以结合自己的语法 书籍来适当复习 这儿就不赘述 主要略列一些特殊用法 希望对各位英语爱好者有所帮 助 1 can 和和 could Can 和 could 可以表示某人或某物一时的特点一时的特点 可以翻译为 有可能 有时会 It can be very warm in this area 这个地区有时可能非常暖和 He can be very friendly at times 他有时会非常友好 can 表示能力时 即有某种知识和技能而能办到 可以与 be able to 换用 但是在将来时和完成时 中 必须用 be able to 表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时 只能用 be able to 不可以用 can 这种用法的 be able to 相当于 succeed in 或 manage to 另外 can not 比 cannot 更强调 Can you type Are you able to type I am sure we shall be able to get you a jop soon 不能用 can He has been able to finish the work on time 不可用 can After years of hard work he was able to win the prize 不可以用 could He could t climb the mountain 没有能力爬 因而也没有爬 He was not able to climb the mountain 尝试爬过 但是没能爬上去 另外 另外 be able to 强调能力 通常表示一次性的事件 一般不表示经常性的事件 I was able to pass the examination I succeeded in passing the examination 我能考试及格 考试及格了 After studying that you will be able to sovle these mathematics problems 学习完这个方法后 你能够解这些数学题了 在否定句结构中 be able to 指暂时的情况 而 can 可以指经常的情况 He is not able to swim today 他今天不能游泳 He can t swim at all 他根本不会游泳 I shall not be able to go to school tomorrow 我明天不能上学了 在表示 经过尝试或努力为能做到 的意思时 一般不用 be able to 如对 Were you able to find the pen 做否定回答应该用否定回答应该用 No I couldn t find it 不能说 No I wasn t able to find it could 可以用来表示过去习惯性动作的完成 而 was able to 却没有这种用法 I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago I can t do that now 二十年前 我能在后面跑着追上公共汽车 现在不行了 cannot can t 与 too over enough perfectly sufficiently 等词连用 意思是 越 越 无论怎样 也不为过 决不会 够 过 2 You can t praise him too much 你无论怎样称赞他都不过分 You cannot be over careful 你越细心越好 I can t thank you enough 我对你感激不尽 This point cannot be overemphasized 这一点无论如何强调都不过分 注释 注释 can t cannot too enough 等中的 not 也可以用 never hardly scarcely 等代替 There can never be too much deception in war 兵不厌诈 We can hardly scarecely pay too high a price for liberation 为了解放 我们无论付出多高的代价也不为过 can t cannot too enough 等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式 can 不用 can t You can t praise him too much can you 你无论怎样赞扬他都不为过 对吧 You cannot be too careful can you 你再小心也不为过 对吧 cannot wait 不定式 意思是 be eager to 急于做 表示强调的肯定意思 I cannot wait to read the book 我非常渴望读这本书 He couldn t wait to see her 他渴望见到她 练习题 练习题 Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time for a man of his age be very forgetful A should B must C shall D can You cannot be careful when you drive a car A very B so C too D enough The car broke down on the way but we get out of the desert at last A might B would C were able to D could 2 must 有一种含义 有一种含义 偏要偏要 硬要硬要 表示说话人对句子主语说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的 不不希望的 不 满的甚至是生气的 通常指令人不愉快的事情满的甚至是生气的 通常指令人不愉快的事情 mustmust 用于第二人称时 常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思用于第二人称时 常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思 Why mustmust you be so stubborn 固执 He mustmust come and worry her with questions just when she was busy cooking the dinner If you mustmust smoke at least you could use an ashtray 烟灰缸 00 As I was sitting down to lunch the electric bell mustmust ring Why must you be so late 你为何非要非要这么晚来呢 练习题 练习题 Why you always interrupt me A can B will C may D must Naturally after I told her what to do my daughter go and do the opposite A may B can C must D should 另 另 have to 多表示习惯动作或客观条件索引出的义务多表示习惯动作或客观条件索引出的义务 而 must 则用于表示一种重要或急迫的事则用于表示一种重要或急迫的事 3 情情 We have to care for the young 义务 义务 She has to be at the office before 8 every day 习惯 习惯 You must go to the manager at once or you ll be diamissed 急迫的事情 急迫的事情 通常 have to 强调客观需求 表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不作某事 must 强调主观看法 表示主观上认为有必要做谋事 I must learn another language 主观想法 I want to I have to learn another language 客观需求 身为一个外交官 但是 must 可以表示客观必然性 意思为可以表示客观必然性 意思为 必然 会 必然 会 总是会 总是会 而而 havehave toto 则不可以这样用则不可以这样用 All men must die 人固有一死 Competition must happen 竞争总会发生 Truth must be out 真相总会大白 Winter must be followed by spring 冬天到了 春天还会远吗 There must be a day for revenge 总有报仇的那一天 对对 mustmust 所在句子变反意疑问句时所在句子变反意疑问句时 应注意以下习惯搭配 must 作 必须 解时 反意疑问句中重复 must All the children must respect their parents mustn t they 孩子必须尊敬父母 对吗 must 作 有必要 解时 反意疑问句中用 need We must tell her the truth needn t we 我们现在有必要告诉她实情 对吗 must be 表示推测时 反意疑问句用 be 的适当形式 You must be thirsty aren t you 你一定渴了 是吗 must have done 表示推测时 附加疑问句一般用 have 或 has 但是有明确表示过 去 的时间壮语 before 除外 时 反意疑问句用过去时态 He must have finished the work hasnhasn t t hehe He must have gone abroad last week didn tdidn t he You must have been tould about it that day weren tweren t you mustn t 表示 禁止 不允许 时 反意疑问句一般用 may The children mustn t play with fire may they 也可以用 must We mustn t be late must may 我们不可以迟到 对吗 must 用于表示询问对方意向时 反意疑问句部分的动词可以与前面陈述句部分的动词不一 致 You must come tomorrow will you 练习题 练习题 You mustn t tell it to your morther A must you B do you C need you D will you The students must hand in their term papers in a week 4 No they A needn t they mustn t B mustn t they mustn t C mustn t they needn t D shouldn t they should 3 used3 used toto 的意思是的意思是 过去常常过去常常 已经含有 always often sometimes from time to time 等 意思 但是它却可以和它们连用 He always used to used always to come by bus 他过去总是坐公共汽车来 He often used to work late at night 他过去经常工作到深夜 She always used to get up at four o clock in the morning 她过去总是早晨 4 点起床 但是但是 usedused toto 不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间 即特定的时间段即特定的时间段 的词语连用 的词语连用 He went to abroad three times He lived in the countryside for three years 但是可以和过去确定的时间壮语连用 但是可以和过去确定的时间壮语连用 He used to live here in 1995 He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl In those days we used to live in the country 另 另 wouldwould 和和 usedused toto 的区别如下 的区别如下 两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作 但是 would 只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作 由动态动词表 示 单纯的过去和现在无关 而 used to 即可以强调过去的习惯性动作 由动态动词表示由动态动词表示 也可以 强调过去的事实或状态 由静态东此表示由静态东此表示 且与现在形成对比 即可表示持续的状态 也可表示过 去重复的行为 I used to havehave an old car 过去我有一辆旧轿车 I didn t use to like opera but now I m getting interested 我过去不喜欢歌剧 但现在逐渐有了兴趣 上面两句话的动词均是静态动词 说明过去的事实或状态 不能用上面两句话的动词均是静态动词 说明过去的事实或状态 不能用 wouldwould 代替代替 usedused toto 注 注 woud 和 used to 一样 都不可用来表示发生的次数 也不能与表示一个特定的时间段的状语连都不可用来表示发生的次数 也不能与表示一个特定的时间段的状语连 用 用 He went to Lomdon three times when he was a child 他还是孩子时 去过伦敦三次 但是 wouldwould 可以和可以和 sometimes nowsometimes now andand then fromthen from timetime toto timetime 等词组 表示过去有时或偶等词组 表示过去有时或偶 尔的时间状语 连用 尔的时间状语 连用 She would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all 他有时一连坐好几个小时 什么事情也不干 练习题 练习题 When he was there he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day A would B should C had better D might 4 shall4 shall 可以用在第二 三人称第二 三人称 要重读 不可以缩写 表示说话人的意图表示说话人的意图 意志 允诺 命令 命运意志 允诺 命令 命运 或必然结果等 在法律 条约 协定等文件中可以表示义务 规定等 或必然结果等 在法律 条约 协定等文件中可以表示义务 规定等 You shall have a lot of money 意图意图 允诺允诺 你会有很多钱的 Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling 规定规定 旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证 You shall arrive there before sunset 命令命令 你们要在日落前到达那儿 If you don t behave yourself you shall be punidhed 威胁威胁 5 如果你行为不轨的话 你会受到惩罚的 The task shall be finished by Sunday 允诺允诺 任务会在星期天前完成的 He shall get what he deserves 警告警告 他会得到他应该得到的 Death is certain to all all shall die 命运命运 死必临万物 万物皆必死 Better days shall soon follow 预言预言 好日子不久会来到 The time shall come when they shall be avenged 意志意志 为他们伸冤的时候会来的 Who touches pitch shall be defiled 必然结果必然结果 玩火者必自焚 POWs shall not be ill treated 法律用语法律用语 战俘不得受虐待 The new regulation shall take effect on May the first 规定规定 新章程自五月一日起实施 练习题 练习题 It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected A can B will C may D shall Haven t I told you already that you have my answer tomorrow morning A will B shall C should D would Nobody throw away rubbish everywhere A can B need C shall D must 5 will5 will 表示意愿或固执坚持 用于非人主语时 表示固有性质 倾向 用于非人主语时 表示固有性质 倾向 She won t lend me the money 她不愿把钱借给我 He is the man who will go his own way 他是一个自行其事的人 The window won t open 窗子打不开 The door won t shut 门关不上了 在含有 if 从句的主从复合句中 如果 if 引导的条件状语从句表示的是一般将来时或过去将来时 不能用 will 或 would 而要用一般现在时或一般过去时来代替 If you don tdon t comecome here I will go to find you 但是 will 可以用在 if 从句中表示各种表示各种 愿望愿望 包括 包括 请求 意愿 拒绝 同意 允许 能够 请求 意愿 拒绝 同意 允许 能够 坚持 选择 计划坚持 选择 计划 等 等 If you will come into the hall the meeting will begin soon 请求 请求 请到大厅里来 会议马上开始了 If you will make another try I shall do everything possible to help you 意愿意愿 如果你愿意再试一次的话 我愿近一切可能帮助你 If he wion t go with you I shall ask somebody else 拒绝拒绝 如果他不肯同你一起去的话 我将另找人 If you wll agree with me I shall tell you everything about it 同意同意 如果你同意我的观点 我将把一切都告诉你 If you will come late again I shall let you in 允诺允诺 如果你答应不再迟到 我就让你进去 If anyone will find a cure to the disease it will be a winder 6 能够能够 如果有人能够治好这种病 那将是一个奇迹 If you will do it like that you will fail 坚持 坚持 坚持那样做 你就会失败 If you will buy bread I shall buy beer 选择选择 如果你买面包 我就买啤酒 If you won t lend money to him please let me know 计划计划 如果你不打算借钱给他 让我知道 另 下面句子中的另 下面句子中的 willwill 表示表示 难免难免 Accidents will happen 事故难免会发生 Boys will be boys 男孩子总是男孩子 will will 可以用来表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情 并且此时可以用一般现在时来代替它 Oil will float on water 油能在水上漂流 If the pure water is heated to 100 it will boil 可以用 boils 如果纯净的水加热至 100 它就会沸腾 Stainless steel will not rust 不锈钢是不会生锈的 Matches will not strike if they are damp 火柴如果潮湿 就划不着 练习题 练习题 Only in summer A will the ice melt B the ice will melt C the ice can melt D the ice melts If you wait a moment I ll go to see if Mr Johns is free A shall B will C would D need 6 need6 need 作为情态动词时主要用在否定句和疑问句中 但是也可以用在用条件的肯定句中 这个条件是 但是也可以用在用条件的肯定句中 这个条件是 肯肯 定句中必须含有某些含某种否定含义的词语 例如定句中必须含有某些含某种否定含义的词语 例如 onlyonly but but all before all before 等或者说句子中暗含等或者说句子中暗含 某某 种否定含义 种否定含义 One need only consider the facts 否定含义是 只需考虑这些事实 不必去做别的事 He need do it but once 否定含义是 他不必做两次以上 All he need do is state his opinion clearly 否定含义是 只要清楚地陈述自己的观点 他不必做任何事 练习题 练习题 To become a member of the civic association one need only attend three meetings and his fees regularly A pay B to pay C paying D paid didn tdidn t needneed toto 和和 needn tneedn t havehave donedone 的区别 的区别 前者表示没有必要做实际上也没有做某事 后者表示做了不该做的事情 前者表示没有必要做实际上也没有做某事 后者表示做了不该做的事情 They didn t need to come here 他们不必来这儿 实际也没来 They needn t have come here 他们本来不必来这儿 但是实际来了 They did not need to arrive so early 他们不必很早到达 She was too nervous to reply but fortunately she did not need to say nothing 她紧张的无法答话 但是幸运的是她什么也不需要说 You needn t have told them that 你本不必把这件事情告诉他们 7 练习题 练习题 You such a long essay the teacher only asked for 300 words and you have written 600 words A mustn t have written B needn t have written C ddn t have to write D didn need to write You all those calculations We have a computer to do that sort of thing A mustn t have done B must not have done C shouldn t have done D can not have done 7 7 maymay mightmight wellwell 动词原形或 动词原形或 may may mightmight asas wellwell 动词原形 动词原形 May might well 动词原形意思为 理应 有足够的理由理应 有足够的理由 may might as well 动词原形 意思为 还不如 不妨 还是还不如 不妨 还是 的好的好 表示某人应该做某事 因为没有更好的事 没有更有趣的 事或没有更有用处的事可以做 May as well 可能比 might as well 更加肯定一点 He may well be proud of his son 他大可大可以他的儿子为荣 She may well say so 她说的对 有足够的理由有足够的理由这样说 It is very late so you may might as well go to bed 夜深了 不妨不妨去睡吧 We may might as well have something to eat 我们还不如还不如吃点东西 You may might as well repeat the experiment 你还是还是把这个实验重做一遍为好好 注 注 maymay mightmight as as wellwell 的否定式是的否定式是 maymay mightmight asas wellwell notnot 练习题 练习题 Since she is angry we her alone A had better leaving B should leave C might as well leave D had rather leave 8 should8 should 可以表示估计或推测上的估计或推测上的 应该应该 还可以翻译成可能 该 估计 按理应当可能 该 估计 按理应当等等 The report is written after careful investigation so it should be reliable 这份报告是经过周密调查写成的 所以该是可靠的 So far so I know you shouldn t have any problems there 据我所知 你们在那儿不应该有什么麻烦 They should be there by now I think 我想他们现在该到那儿了 表示惊讶 不以为然等情绪 用于某些句型中 多译为 竟然竟然 经常用于疑问句和感叹句中表示 意外 惊异等情绪 常和疑问词 why how whom what 连用 而且疑问句不必回答 I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable 我想非常糟糕 每个人都竟然竟然如此悲伤 It seems unfair that this should happen to me 这种事情竟然竟然发生在我的身上 好像不公平 You can t imagine that such a good student like him should fail in the exam 你无法想象像他这样如此好的学生竟然竟然在考试中失败了 Why should I fear 我会害怕 I don t fear at all What should I see but misery 所见皆是一片凄惨 I could see nothing but misery Should you be so silly 你会这么傻吗 You are not so silly I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself 我还想着去看约翰 想不到想不到约翰来啦 It is a marvel that she should have survived the disaster 她竟从那场灾难中幸存 真是个奇迹 I can t bear that he should speak ill of me 他竟说我的坏话 我难以忍受 8 I consider it a good joke that he should marry such a woman 他竟然同这样一个女子结婚 真是个笑话 That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing 他竟然竟然这样对你说话 实在让人吃惊 练习题 练习题 When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12 00 A can B should C might D need You can t imagine that a well behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady A might B need C should D would 巩固练习巩固练习 1 May I go now No you A mustn t B needn t C mightn t D won t 2 You do the exercise if you don t want to A may not B can t C mustn t D needn t 3 You pay more attention to your spelling next time A would B should C will D shall 4 The girl out alone at night A dare not go B dare not to goC dares not go D does not dare go 5 Bruce must have been in China for a long time A hasn t he B mustn t he C Isn t he D wasn t he 6 There be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street A used to B get used toC would D did use to 7 It must have snowed last night A isn t it B haven t he C mustn t it D didn t it 8 If they to do this work he might do it some other way A were B should C will D can 9 I was told yesterday that the company me to Rome next week for a business conference A should have sent B were going to sendC should be sending D should send 10 Let s take a walk A will we B don t we C do we D shall we 11 You must have seen him off yesterday A haven t you B didn t youC mustn t you D needn t you 12 That must be a mistake No it be A can t B isn t able to C can D was able to 13 He had known the matter before you told him so you have told it to him A mustn t B can t C needn t D shouldn t 9 14 How so A dare you to say B dare you sayC do you dare say D dare to say 15 You are their teacher You care of them A should to take B might to take C ought to take D need to take 16 She is studying medical science now but she a lawyer A used to be B would be C were D had been 17 If you were in an English speaking country you too English every day A will be used to speak B will be used to speaking C must be used to speakD would be used to speaking 18 I did not call to make my airline reservation 预订 but I A should have B may have C must have D shall have 19 As a girl she get up at six every day A would B will C might D should 20 Don t you remember that we to the cinema tonight A would go B go C are going D will be gone 21 Shall I tell John about it No you I ve told him already A needn t B wouldn t C mustn t D shouldn t 22 Would you mind if I open the window A I don t like it B Yes pleaseC No please D No I m sorry 23 Would you tell me something about the affair A Yes please B All right C Not at all D I do 24 M T I d love to but I m afraid I have no time M 0h no You ll surely come over T It s very nice of you But I m sorry I have to go to a meeting A Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B Shall I have you with me at my birthday C Did you go to see the film D Have you enjoyed yourself at the party 25 You ought to have come here ten minutes ago Yes I A ought to B ought to haveC ought D have ought to 26 Would you like to go out for a walk Yes A I d like to B I d likeC I ll like to D I would 10 27 you succeed A Can B May C Must D Will 28 Did he need then A leave B to leave C leaving D left 29 Do you think if he dares in public A speak B speakingC to speak D spoken 30 He eating American food since he came here A used to B has been used C has been used to D was used to 31 A computer think for itself it be told what to do A may not must B mustn t mightC shouldn t could D can t must 32 you mind my opening the window Not at all A Shall B Should C Will D Would 33 1 didn t hear the phone I asleep A must be B must have beenC should have been D could have been 34 You me about it earlier but you didn t A should have told B would have told C must have told D should tell 35 The teacher told the students that they keep silent in class all the time A ought to not B ought not to C ought not to have D can t 36 Do you speak Japanese No I don t but I speak Chinese A ought B have to C do D must 37 If you quiet I ll tell you what happned A be B will be C are D are to be 38 Look it be Li Ping No it be him He s gone abroad A may mustn t B must may C must can t D can may not 39 Professor Wang many students want to see you they wait here or outside A Do B Are C Will D Shall 40 I can t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building Where he have gone A may B can C must D Should 41 Wherever you there s no place like home A can go B must go C might go D may go 42 Don t forget to post the letter for me I A won t B will C don t D can t 43 Must I take a taxi No you You can walk from here A don t B must not C don t have to D had better not to 11 44 The bus start I don t know what to do with it A can t B won t C shan t D may not 45 He was a good swimmer so he swim to the river bank when the boat sank A could B might C should D was able to 46 I went to the doctor s yesterday I had to wait for half an hour before he see me A can B may C might D could 47 this book be yours No it not be mine It be his A Can must may B May might mustC Can may must D Must can may 48 We didn t see him at the lecture yesterday He it A mustn t attend B can t have attended C would have not attended D needed have attended 49 They the plane or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason A can have missed B may have missedC can have lost D may have lost 50 Since the ground is white it last night A had snowed B must have snowed C must be snowing D must have been snowing 51 You must be fifty A mustn t you B needn t you C aren t you D mnyn t you 52 Your coat is dirty it for you A Am I washing B Will I wash C Am I going to wash D Shall I wash 53 No one that to his face A dare say B dare to say C dares saying D dares said 54 There used to be a church in the east of the town A didn t there B usen t to there C used there D usedn t to there 55 you be happy A Can B May C Must D Would 56 Where is my pen I it A should have lost B must have lost C would have