总复习五：形容词与副词

九年级九年级 语法专题语法专题 形容词与副词形容词与副词 语法讲解语法讲解 一 形容词一 形容词 一一 形容词的定义 形容词的定义 1 形容词用来修饰名词或代词 表示人或事物的性质 状态和特征 形容词常在句中作定语 表语 等 简写为 adj 例如 She is a good student and she works hard 定语 她是一个好学生 她学习努力 This bike is expensive 表语 这辆自行车很贵 2 从下列词中挑出形容词 call postcard anyway bad pudding sweet round cook long fireworks traditional easy night floor wash difficult wrong hot lie visit interesting 3 从下列句子中找到形容词 1 Christmas is an important festival in the western countries 2 Father Christmas is a fat man with a long white beard and wears a red suit 3 Where do you stay in a foreign city 4 I hope the weather is going to be windy 5 Is there anything interesting in this film important western fat long white red foreign windy interesting this 二二 形容词的位置形容词的位置 1 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前 This is a new shirt We are having an exciting discussion 2 英语单词中 something anything nothing somebody everybody 等不定代词被形容词修饰时 形 容词放在这些不定代词的后面 I have something important to tell you There is nothing dangerous here Is there anything interesting in the film 3 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面 起进一步解 释的作用 Everybody man and woman old and young should attend the meeting You can take any box away big or small 三三 形容词的用法形容词的用法 1 形容词在句中作定语 表语 宾语补足语 例如 Our country is a beautiful country 作定语 The fish went bad 作表语 We keep our classroom clean and tidy 作宾语补足语 2 the 形容词表示一类人或物 例如 The rich should help the poor 二 副词二 副词 一一 副词种类副词种类 1 时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间 常见的时间副词有 now today tomorrow yesterday before late early never seldom sometimes often usually always 等 例如 He often comes to school late What are we going to do tomorrow He is never been to Beijing 2 地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点 常见的地点副词有 here there inside outside home upstairs downstairs anywhere everywhere nowhere somewhere down up off on in out 等 例如 I met an old friend of mine on my way home He went upstairs Put down your name here 3 方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答 怎么样 这类问题的 其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾 ly 构成 的 有少数方式副词不带词尾 ly 与形容词同形 常见的方式副词有 anxiously badly bravely calmly carefully proudly rapidly suddenly successfully angrily happily slowly warmly well fast slow quick hard alone high straight wide 等 例如 The old man walked home slowly Please listen to the teacher carefully The birds are flying high He runs very fast 4 程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词 有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语 常见的程度副词有 much a little a bit very so too enough quite rather pretty greatly completely nearly almost deeply hardly partly 等 例如 Her pronunciation is very good She sings quite well I can hardly agree with you 5 疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词 常见的疑问副词有 how when where why 等 例如 How are you getting along with your studies Where were you yesterday Why did you do that 二二 副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置 1 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后 如果动词带有宾语 则放在宾语之后 例如 Mr Smith works very hard She speaks English well 2 频度副词作状语时 通常放在行为动词之前 情态动词 助动词和 be 动词之后 例如 He usually gets up early I ve never heard him singing She is seldom ill 3 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面 但 enough 作副词用时 通常放在被修饰词的 后面 例如 It is a rather difficult job He runs very fast He didn t work hard enough 4 副词作定语时 一般放在被修饰的名词之后 例如 On my way home I met my uncle The students there have a lot time to do their own research work 三三 部分常用副词的用法部分常用副词的用法 1 very much 这两个副词都可表示 很 但用法不同 very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级 而 much 用来修饰 形容词和副词的比较级 例如 She is a very nice girl I m feeling much better now much 可以修饰动词 而 very 则不能 例如 I don t like the idea much They did not talk much 2 too either 这两个副词都表示 也 但 too 用于肯定句 either 用于否定句 例如 She can dance and I can dance too I haven t read the book and my brother hasn t either 3 already yet already 一般用于肯定句 yet 一般用于疑问句和否定句 例如 He has already left Have you heard from him yet He hasn t answered yet 4 so neither so 和 neither 都可用于倒装句 但 so 表示肯定 意为 也一样 neither 表示否定 意为 也不 例如 My brother likes football and so do I My brother doesn t like dancing and neither do I 三三 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一 变化规则 一 变化规则 1 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 er 和 est 构成 great 原级 greater 比较级 greatest 最高级 2 以 e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 r 和 st 构成 wide 原级 wider 比较级 widest 最高级 3 以 y 结尾 而且 y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 y 去掉 加上 ier 和 est 构成 happy 原形 happier 比较级 happiest 最高级 4 以一个辅音字母结尾 其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级要双写该辅音字 母然后再加 er 和 est big 原级 bigger 比较级 biggest 最高级 5 以 y 结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级一般加 er est clever 和 quiet 也要加 er 及 est 其 他的一般加 more most 构成比较级和最高级 以下形容词两种变化方法都可以 common likely pleasant simple cruel mature polite stupid gentle narrow remote subtle handsome obscure shallow 6 多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用 more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成 beautiful 原级 difficult 原级 more beautiful 比较级 more difficult 比较级 most beautiful 最高级 most difficult 最高级 7 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst little less least ill worse worst far farther further farthest furthest 8 形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示 较不 和 最不 important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 二 形容词比较级的用法 二 形容词比较级的用法 1 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较 其结构形式如下 主语 谓语 系动词 形容词比较级 than 对比成分 即含有形容词比较级的主句 than 从 句 注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分 而只剩下对比的成分 Our teacher is taller than we are 我们老师的个子比我们的高 This picture is more beautiful than that one 这张照片比那张照片漂亮 This meeting is less important than that one 这次会议不如那次会议重要 2 形容词最高级的用法 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较 其结构形式为 主语 谓语 系动词 the 形容词最高级 名词 表示范围的短语或从句 She is the best student in her class 她是班上最好的学生 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities of China 上海是中国最大城市之一 注意 注意 比较级前可用 many much still even rather far further a lot a little a bit a great deal by far any 等词语修饰表示比较的程度 如 You are standing too near the camera Can you move a little farther 你站得离照相机太近 你可以站远一点吗 You are much clever than me 你比我聪明多了 三 常见考点 三 常见考点 1 句型 The 形容词比较级 the 形容词比较级 表示 越 就越 The more you study the more you will know 2 结构 形容词比较级 and 形容词比较级 表示 越来越 It s getting hotter and hotter 3 主语 谓语 系动词 as 形容词原形 as 从句 表示两者对比相同 This box is as big as mine 4 the 形容词 表示某种人 He always helps the poor 5 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较 Beijing is the biggest city in China 这句话可以说成 Beijing is bigger than any other city in China Beijing is bigger than the other cities in China 6 有时比较级前加 the 表示特指 She is the taller of the two Keys 1 5 BCDBB 6 10 CBACB 11 15 ABCBA 16 20 CADCB 21 25 ACBAC 形容词 副词形容词 副词同步测试同步测试 单项选择 单项选择 1 There are many young trees on side of the road A all B each C both D any 2 It s so cold today Yes it s than it was yesterday A more cold B more colder C much colder D cold 3 Little Tom has friends so he often plays alone A more B a little C many D few 4 She isn t so at maths as you are A well B good C better D best 5 Peter writes of the three A better B best C good D well 6 He is enough to carry the heavy box A stronger B much stronger C strong D the strongest 7 I bought exercise books with money A a few a few B a few a little C a little a few D a little a little 8 The box is heavy for the girl carry A too to B to too C so that D no to 9 The ice in the lake is about one meter It s strong enough to skate on A long B high C thick D wide 10 Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting A so B much C very D too 11 Jane looks so today because she has got an A in her maths test A happy B happily C angry D angrily 12 The smile on my father s face showed that he was with me A sad B pleased C angry D sorry 13 Mum could you buy me a dress like this Certainly We can buy one than this but this A a better better than B a worse as good as C a cheaper as good as D a more important good as 14 This digital camera is really cheap The the better I m short of money you see A cheap B cheaper C expensive D more expensive 15 If you want to learn English well you must use it as as possible A often B long C hard D soon 16 Paul has friends except me and sometimes he feels lonely A many B some C few D more 17 English people use Mr before a man s first name A never B usually C often D sometimes 18 One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May Right The government spoke that A highly for B high of C well of D