高中英语（模块1-模块4）六 被动语态语法复习 牛津版

用心 爱心 专心1 牛津高中英语语法复习 模块牛津高中英语语法复习 模块 1 1 模块模块 4 4 语法复习六 被动语语法复习六 被动语 态态 语态 Voice 作为一个语法范畴 是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态 Passive Voice 当主语为动 作执行者即施动者时 动词用主动态 如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时 动词便用被 动态 例如 1 John helped Peter 2 Peter was helped by John 句 1 helped 是主动态 句 2 was helped 是被动态 可见主动态是无标记的 而被动态是 有标记的 构成 被动语态由助动词 be 的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成 被动语态可用于各种时态 其时态变化通过助动词 be 的不同形式来体现 如 一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词 am is are 过去分词 而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为 was were 过去分词 本册 要掌握的被动语态形式有 一般现在时 am is are 过去分词 e g Football is played all over the world I m often asked to do this work 我常常被派做这项工作 一般过去时 was were 过去分词 e g The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi an They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city When was the building completed 这座大楼什么时候建成的 一般将来时 will shall be 过去分词 be going to be 过去分词 e g The result of the exam will be known soon They are going to be given a difficult test 一般过去将来时 should would be 过去分词 e g The teacher said the results would be published soon He told me that the film would be shown the next week 现在进行时 am is are being 过去分词 e g The new airport is being built by a foreign company 一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场 The song is being sung by the girls now 过去进行时 was were being 过去分词 e g The song was being sung by the girls when I got there The student was being criticized when I went into the teacher s office 将来完成时 will have been 过去分词 e g By the end of next term 2000 English words will have been learned The building will have been built by next year 现在完成时 has have bee n 过去分词 e g All the tickets have been sold 用心 爱心 专心2 The book has been translated into many languages 这本书已被译成多种语言 过去完成时 had been 过去分词 e g Forty schools had been visited by last year All the tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema 过去将来完成时 would have been 过去分词 e g He said many words would have been learned by 2001 They promised that ten books would have been published by the next month 情态动词 情态动词 be 过去分词 e g This road must be mended The machine parts may be needed in our work 工作中可能需要这些机器零部件 动词不定式 to be 过去分词 e g I m glad to be asked questions It is impossible for lost time to be made up 失去的时间不可弥补 主要用法 被动态常用于下列几种场合 1 当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时 这时都不带由 by 引起的短语 Printing was introduced into Europe from China 印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的 The airplane was made in U S Such books are written for children 这种书是为儿童写的 2 动作的承受者是谈话的中心 这时可带有由 by 引起的短语 The song was composed by a student 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的 Thousands of rivers are polluted in the country 3 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁 You are requested to get here in time 请您准时来这儿 带行为主体的被动态 行为主体就是动作的执行者 即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物 在被动句中 往往不提 及行为主体 但当强调动作的执行者时 可用介词 by 引出行为 by 主体行为主体 置于 被动态句的末尾 说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责 e g The village was destroyed by a bomb 这个村庄毁于炸弹 The painting is very valuable It was painted by Van Gogh 这幅画很值钱 它是梵 高画的 其它用法补充 1 It 被动语态 that 从句 表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气 常用于该结构的动词有 say think believe agree expect consider feel know decide report suggest prove 等 e g It is said that prices will rise again this month 据说本月物价还将上涨 It is thought that about a million dogs are born each year 用心 爱心 专心3 据认为每年约有一百条狗出生 It is reported that all the passengers died in the crash 据报导所有乘客在那次飞