2009高考英语单项填空干扰点解题技巧.doc

2009高考英语单项填空干扰点解题技巧干扰设计之一：利用思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让考生上当的题。因为考生背记了许多语法规则和词的固定搭配，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：1. Which do you enjoy_ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent (同学们对于enjoy后接-ing动词记得很熟，已成定势，所以会不假思索选A, 而实际上此句enjoy的宾语是which, 空白处应填入一个表示目的不定式，故正确选项应为：B)2.English has large vocabulary, hasnt it? Yes, _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. （2004上海卷） A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known(动词放在句首常见形式不是分词就是不定式，同学们很可能因为这定势思维选B或C, 其实正确选项是A, Do sth. and you will也是一个常见句型。)3. The day we had been looking forward to _ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. to come (looking forward to sth /doing sth.也同学们记得很牢的一个固定搭配，故会不加思索选A，其实空白处缺少的是谓语动词，应填B。此句可译为：我们一直盼望的那一天终于到来了！)干扰之二：利用汉英差异英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：1. Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.- OK. _ .（2004全国卷）Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you（按照中国人习惯，同学们可能要选或，而正确选项是：D )2Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up . (2004天津卷)A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly（按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或，而正确选项是：B ). -Whats made Tommy so upset? -I believe _the game. It shocked him so much. A. for losing B. lost C. losing D. because of losing (按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或，而正确选项是：C，因为what是对主语提问回答部分也应该是名词性短语losing the game. )干扰之三：利用题干惯性此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：1 Few pleasures can equalof a cool drink on a hot day. (1999全国卷)A. some B. any C. that D. those（此句的意思比较清楚： “没有什么快乐能比得上在大热天里喝上一杯冷饮那么惬意”，但同学们在选答时却往往错选D，因为前面有复数名词pleasures，其实a cool drink是单数，指一件事，故正确选项是C。）2. You havent been to Beijing, have you? _.How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haventC. No, I have D. No, I havent(受题干问话惯性和汉语影响，同学们很容易错选B,其实在英语里无论肯定问句还是否定问句，回答都须根据事实回答，且简略回答要前后一致，故正确选项是D。）3. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow _ AI dont BI wont CI cannot DI havent （因为前面有Dont forget，同学们受惯性影响在选答时会错选A，而正确 选项是B，“我不会的”)干扰之四：利用形近义词把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，使基础知识掌握不牢的考生难于区分。例如：1. The films made by Disney _all over the world.Aare used to show Bare used to showing Cused to be shown Dused to show 答案C。干扰之五：巧设语言环境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：1. The price, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999全国卷） A. went downB. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down(I doubt whether it will remain so就是一个很巧妙的语境，说明情况已发生变化，但不知会不会持续下去，故答案是：C )解题技巧1 注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等，在一定程度上干扰考生的思维。请比较以下各题：1George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name （根据题干中的逗号，但无连词的特点，排除A、C项。再根据定语从句的结构选D。）2 some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried（根据题中所给信息，可以断定这里的破折号用于解释说明。去掉破折号后面的附加信息，可以看出是个祈使句。故选B）3The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of _ over 600 years old.A. them B. which C. it D. that（考生很有可能选B，但仔细分析这个句子，我们不难发现，主句与后面的内容用逗号隔开，而逗号后又不是个完整的句子，不能构成定语从句，只能通过同位语的方式完成句子B）2认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息在单项填空中，一些词或词组常常含有某个特定的信息，而这些信息往往对分析问题、解决问题起着暗示作用。例如：1. You havent lost the ticket, have you? _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. AI hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so（根据答语的第二句“目前弄到一张票很不容易”的信息提示。故选A）2Everyone was on time for the meeting Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet（Everyone是本句的信息词，说明 Chris 也准时参加会议。故选C）3正确理解句意，避免定势思维在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，教师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调，以加深学生的印象，学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。例如：1Were going to _ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together（考生很可能选择C项，get along with sb.“与相处”。但根据句意，此处应为“欢聚”之意。故选D）2I cant find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. where B. which C. the one D. that（此题最大的干扰项是D，考生很可能把它看作强调结构。但根据句意，它要表达的是“在他呆的宾馆里找到他的”。所以，实际上是在stayed后省略了that I found him，即全句可完整地表达为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I found him。故选A）4排除母语干扰，规范英语表达英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，考生很可能会用汉语的思维方式去认识和解决英语中的问题，掉入命题人设置的陷阱。例如：1:Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?No, only the two passengers who got hurt.A. it was B. there was C. there were D. there had（考生很可能误选C。因为，考生想表达“不，只有两个人受伤”，很可能用“There be”结构表达自己的思想。但是，本句实际采用了强调结构，强调“only the two passengers”故选A。）2Excuse me, _? Thats $35.76 altogether , madam.A. how much is the meal weve had B. but can I take your orderC. could I have the bill, please D. would you please take the money3_, tears came to his eyes.A. Reading the letter B. He was reading the letterC. When he was reading the letter D. The letter was being read（句意要表达的是“读着这封信，眼泪都出来了”，每一个选项都有可能成为考生的选择对象。根据解题技巧1，排除选项B、D。又根据分词的结构特点，排除A项，故选C。）5巧用逻辑情理法 单项填空象完型填空一样也要以句意通顺、合符逻辑、合符情理为主要选答依据，切勿在未弄清句意的情况下就因为某些固定搭配而上当误选。例如：1. Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom. A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping(cant help doing 是一个固定搭配，意为“禁不住做”,同学们很可能因此选A。但是cant help (to) do也是可以的，意为“不能帮助做 ”, 根据句子的意思，此题应选C.)6牢记固定短语及句型还原法在某些复合句中，被修饰的先行词与定语从句中动词可构成固定短语。例如；1 That was we had in London 3 years ago! A wonderful time B a wonderful time C wonderful D wonderfully（此句可还原为：We had a wonderf