电声材料的英文名词解释

电声材料的英文名词解释 一 Aluminum coated polypropylene Polypropylene coated with a thin layer of aluminum The combination creates a stiff lightweight material used in woofer cones Aramid A synthetic fiber with excellent strength to weight properties It can be woven into a fabric or blended into polypropylene to produce lightweight weather resistant woofer cones that have the natural sound characteristics found in high quality paper cones Butyl rubber A rubber butylene compound with excellent flexibility and durability Used for speaker surrounds Cast aluminum Cast metals have a greater resistance to resonance than stamped metals when used in speaker baskets Cast aluminum combines light weight with rigidity and strength C M M D Ceramic Metal Matrix Diaphragm First developed by Infinity for their home speakers C M M D is a layered composite of thin ceramics and metal This material is non resonant stiff and quite strong It is notable for producing uncolored sound with excellent dispersion C M M D is used for woofers midranges and tweeters Ferrofluids Ferrofluids dissipate heat that builds up in speaker voice coils Since ferrofluids are magnetic they don t require physical containment the speaker s magnetic field holds the fluid in place Foamed IMPP When polypropylene is injected as a foam into a speaker mold the resulting material retains air bubbles that make it lighter without giving up strength Glass imide A blend of glass fibers and plastics with excellent heat resistance Used in constructing voice coil formers Graphite injected polypropylene A composite material of polypropylene and graphite that is stiffer and stronger than regular polypropylene film HCL HCL HoneyComb Laminate is a laminate that combines layers of woven glass fiber with an inner core of Nomex honeycomb The result is a very strong material excellent for speakers that need to handle high power H O P Highly Oriented Polyolefine The molecules in Highly Oriented Polyolefine are arranged in linear strands giving this material more inherent strength and rigidity than most other polymer films H O P is used by Sony for woofer cones IMPP injection molded polypropylene IMPP consists of polypropylene that is injected into a mold when forming the speaker cone The speaker cone retains more stiffness and is less colored by resonation than cast polypropylene cones IMPP composite To increase the strength and stiffness of IMPP other materials are added to form IMPP composites These materials are usually minerals like mica or carbon Injection molded polypropylene See IMPP Kaladex Kaladax A polyethylene film that features excellent stiffness shape retention and durability Tweeters made with this material produce natural uncolored highs Kapton voice coil Kapton is a polymer that is often used in applications where high temperature capabilities are important It s well suited for use in voice coil formers Laminated polyester This is a multi layered material made of polyester fibers This soft material has a natural warm sound much like silk Mylar Mylar developed in the 1950s is one of the granddaddies of polyester films Mylar is usually used in small speakers such as tweeters or midranges It s unaffected by humidity and is fairly inexpensive Also known as PET Neodymium magnet Neodymium is one of several rare earth metals used in creating small high strength magnets Neodymium magnets are usually used in tweeters Neoglass A woven glass fiber material Neoglass is used in tweeters that need high power handling capabilities PBO fiber PBO polybenzoxozole is a polymer that can be extruded into fibers and woven into a tough material This fiber is used to build woofer cones Pearl polycarbon Polycarbonates are blends of polyester films and carbon Pearl polycarbon is a very lightweight yet rigid material that works well in tweeters Pearl refers to the bead like microscopic structure of the polymer Pearl mica Micas are a group of minerals composed of various amounts of aluminum potassium and other metals Pearl mica has a distinct lustrous pearl like color When injected into polypropylene it yields a material that is dense yet sensitive ideal for woofer cones PEI See Polyetherimide PET A generic name for Mylar Polyethylene A polymer film material used in tweeters Very similar in performance to Mylar Poly See Polypropylene Polycarbonate A blend of polyester films and carbon resulting in a hard non resonant material used mainly in bright sounding tweeters and occasionally in constructing the speaker basket Polycarbonates can be produced in a variety of colors including transparent for a distinctive look Polyester foam Foam material with polyester fibers blended for extra strength and durability Polyester foam is used for speaker surrounds Polyethermide See Polyetherimide Polyetherimide Polyetherimide also known as PEI Polyethermide or Polyimide is a very common polymer used for a variety of products Its lightweight shape retaining properties and high temperature handling make it a good reasonably priced option for tweeter material Polyimide See Polyetherimide Polymer mica A polymer film such as polypropylene made stronger by the addition of the mineral mica Polypropylene A very popular material for car speakers polypropylene is fairly rigid with good internal damping and complete weather resistance PPC See Pearl polycarbon PPTA A polymer film that is chemically the same as Aramid but produced as a film rather than as a fiber It has the same excellent strength to weight characteristics as Aramid and is usually used in tweeters and midranges Pulp Pulp paper woofers are inexpensive and when properly engineered can provide great sound However they re rarely used in car speakers because of susceptibility to moisture Rigilite A Pioneer brand name for a filler material that is added to IMPP for increased rigidity Silk They don t say smooth as silk for nothing Silk is a highly regarded material for tweeters because of the smooth open and airy sound it produces For best performance it must be properly treated and coated High quality silk can be somewhat expensive Silk polymer composite Silk is blended with polymer materials to create a strong rugged composite used in tweeters Silver film Used as a thin coating over polymer materials like PET silver film provides a brighter sound than the polymer alone This material is used in tweeters Strontium magnet A rare earth metal which is used in creating small high strength magnets A small strong magnet is very useful in building an effective tweeter Titanium Titanium is quite strong heat resistant and light Usually used in tweeters although sometimes layered into polypropylene for woofers Characteristically bright sounding in tweeters Titanium coated polypropylene Coating polypropylene with titanium provides extra strength and stiffness to woofer cones Textile Another name for a variety of cloth fabrics used for speaker construction The intent is to replicate the smooth open sound of silk tweeters Thermalum A polypropylene base with nickel bonded to the top layer This results in a light but strong cone material for woofer construction UFLC UFLC is the abbreviation for polyUrethane Film Laminated Cloth This material is used in soft dome tweeters because of its light weight ability to keep its shape and smooth natural sound characteristics Urethane Urethane is a plastic compound that s more flexible and weather resistant than natural rubber This compound is used for making speaker surrounds 电声材料的英文名词解释 二 Basket The basket or frame is the structural support of a speaker Bi amping In bi amping separate amplifiers or amp channels drive the woofer and tweeter of a speaker This way both low frequency drivers woofers and high frequency drivers tweeters receive dedicated amplification Coaxial speaker Coaxial speakers contain two elements a woofer to reproduce the low notes and a tweeter mounted inside the woofer for the highs See also Two Way Speakers below Component System Component systems or separates use a superior speaker design to give you the best possible sound A typical separates system includes 2 woofers 2 tweeters and 2 external crossovers all of which are designed to work smoothly with one another Generally components are made of better materials than their two or three way counterparts You can position the separate tweeters for optimal imaging Given adequate power separates deliver exceptional dynamics and detail Compression horn Found in some speakers a high frequency or midrange driver fires into a horn shaped enclosure for powerful highly efficient output Adapted from concert systems compression horn tweeters and midranges move with less excursion so they produce less distortion and have higher power handling levels than other designs Crossover A network of filters coils and capacitors that directs specific frequency ranges to the appropriate speaker components woofer midrange and tweeter for instance That way the drivers do not strain to reproduce notes out of their intended range Component systems and full range speakers include passive crossovers which are designed for the specific components and mounted between the amplifier and speakers Active crossovers divide the frequency range before amplification and can be adjusted to adapt to any speaker setup Decibel dB The standard unit of measure for expressing relative power or amplitude differences With audio it represents loudness One dB is the smallest change in loudness most people can detect A 1 dB difference is barely noticeable but a 10 dB difference is big a speaker playing at 10 dB higher volume will sound roughly twice as loud Another dB fact For any given set of speakers each 3 dB increase in volume level requires a doubling of the amplifier power Diaphragm A speaker diaphragm is the surface that radiates sound For a woofer this is the speaker cone In a tweeter it s usually dome shaped Dual Cone A dual cone speaker uses an inexpensive design in which a small whizzer cone attached to the center of the woofer reproduces the high frequencies Dust cap A dust cap covers the center of a speaker s cone and keeps dirt out of the voice coil gap Efficiency Although a speaker s efficiency rating is almost always correlated to its sensitivity rating it s actually a different measurement The efficiency rating for a speaker measures how well a speaker converts watts of electrical power into watts of acoustical power Most speakers have a very low efficiency rating between 1 and 10 so manufacturers rarely provide this information choosing instead to list sensitivity ratings Frequency Response The range of frequencies the speaker will reproduce lowest frequency to the highest The optimal range is 20 20 000 Hz the range of human hearing Many high quality tweeters however are able to reproduce frequencies well above 20 000 Hz While the human ear can t detect these ultra high frequencies they do contain harmonics that affect the way listeners perceive sound and its nuances Full range Speakers Full range speakers accurately reproduce your music s frequency range by mounting a tweeter inside the woofer cone This is also known as a coaxial or 2 way speaker Some versions may add midranges or supertweeters to better reproduce other parts of the frequency spectrum These are also referred to by the number of drivers 3 way 4 way etc Imaging Imaging describes the extent to which a stereo system reproduces the location of instruments and vocalists as they were positioned during recording and mixing See also soundstage below Optimal imaging creates a listening experience that seems natural and lifelike The key to attaining the best possible imaging is to have equal or as close to equal as possible unobstructed path lengths between your tweeters and your ears The ability to mount your tweeter separately as with components or in an angled mount as with some full range speakers can improve imaging Impedance Impedance is a measure of the resistance of a speaker s voice coil to the audio current supplied by the amplifier Magnet The magnet provides a stationary magnetic field against which the voice coil reacts to create sound Maximum RMS Power Handling Maximum RMS Power Handling refers to the maximum amount of power a speaker can handle on a continuous basis Midrange Speaker A midrange speaker ranges in size from 3 1 2 to 6 3 4 and reproduces the middle frequencies Component systems often use separate midranges as do systems that amplify the low midrange and high frequencies separately Some full range speakers include a midrange element for better detail Peak Power Handling Peak power handling refers to the maximum amount of power a speaker can handle during a brief musical burst Plate Speaker Plate speakers feature a separate round woofer and tweeter mounted side by side on a plate that s designed to replace oval shaped 4 x6 and 5 x7 6 x8 speakers Since a round woofer is more accurate than an oval one and is not encumbered with a cone mounted tweeter a plate speaker reproduces music more accurately than an oval speaker However the woofer cone on a plate speaker is smaller than a similarly sized oval speaker so its bass output will usually be slightly lower Polarity In order to get the polarity right you must wire the positive speaker terminal to the positive amplifier terminal and the negative speaker terminal to the negative amplifier terminal Proper wiring ensures that all the cones in a multiple speaker setup will move in the same direction at the same time If you wire your speakers improperly one speaker cone will move backward while another is moving forward cancelling out much of the sound both speakers are trying to make Pole piece A pole piece concerns the metal piece in a speaker that concentrates and focuses energy from the speaker magnet into creating a magnetic circuit Because heat can accumulate during this process many manufacturers vent pole pieces for cooler more efficient operation Power handling All car speakers require a power source receiver or amp The lower number of a power handling rating tells the absolute bare minimum wattage required to get acceptable sound from the speaker and the higher number tells the maximum amount the speaker can handle for an extended time For best results match your power source level RMS or continuous watts to the upper part of the speaker s recommended range RMS Resonance The vibration of a speaker s cone All speaker cones vibrate at a certain frequency Too much resonance can interfere with a speaker s accuracy Sensitivity A sensitivity rating tells you how effectively a speaker converts power watts into volume decibels The higher the rating the louder your speakers will play with a given amount of amplifier power Sensitivity is often measured by driving a speaker with one watt and measuring the loudness in decibels at one meter The chart below illustrates that a few dB in sensitivity can make a big difference Speaker Sensitivity rating Power needed to produce a given volume Speaker A 85 dB100 watts Speaker B 88 dB50 watts Speaker C 91 dB25 watts A speaker with a sensitivity rating that s 3 dB higher than another speaker s only needs half as much power to deliver the same amount of sound Soundstage The soundstage refers to your sense of width depth and height when you listen to music just as you would sense the placement of different instruments in a live concert setting Individual vocal and instrumental images make up your stereo system s soundstage See also imaging above Spider The spider is a flexible ring that keeps the voice coil aligned in its gap and secures the rear of the speaker cone to the frame while still allowing the voice coil and the cone to vibrate freely Supertweeter A small driver dedicated to ultra high frequency reproduction You can usually find supertweeters alongside tweeters in 4 or 5 way full range speakers Surround The surround refers to the flexible ring encircling the edge of the woofer cone it connects the cone to the speaker basket It must be pliable enough to let the woofer travel freely yet strong enough to guide and control cone movement The further the cone can travel the stronger the bass Surrounds are usually made of cloth foam or rubber Rubber tends to last the longest Three way speaker Three way or triaxial speakers take the separate woofer and tweeter from a two way design and add a midrange driver for enhanced warmth and texture Select three ways use a supertweeter instead of a midrange for extended high frequency response Four ways combine a woofer a midrange a tweeter and a supertweeter for even more detail Tinsel leads Tinsel leads are flexible stranded wires that connect the voice coil to the speaker s terminals Tweeter A small driver dedicated to high frequency reproduction Cone tweeters are efficient and the most economical Most home speakers use dome or edge driven tweeters they disperse sound over a wider