高中英语 词汇详解（Module 1　Small Talk） 教学素材 外研版选修6

用心 爱心 专心1 知识感悟知识感悟 一 词汇详解一 词汇详解 1 lack1 lack vt 缺少缺少 n n 缺少缺少 缺少的东西缺少的东西 典型例句 She lacks the money to buy new clothes 她缺少钱买新衣服 In the hot summer the plants lacked water 炎热的夏天 植物缺水 They lacked for nothing 他们什么都不缺 He can not buy it because of the lack of money 他因缺钱买不起这个 Water is a lack of this region 这个地区缺水 要点归纳 lack 作动词用时 没有被动语态 lack 作名词用时 如果表示 缺少的东西 前面要加不定冠词 相关链接 lack 构成的短语 for by from lack of 因缺乏 因无 no lack of 不缺乏 很多 lack in 在 缺少 不足 英汉互译英汉互译 1 Owing to lack of time we cannot do more than what we have done 答案答案 由于时间不够 我们只能做到这样 2 由于时间不够 我的画还没有完成 答案答案 I haven t finished the painting for lack of time 3 缺少雨水 地面非常干燥 答案答案 There has been a lack of rain and the ground is very dry 2 advance2 advance adj adj 预先的 在前的预先的 在前的 n n 前进前进 增长增长 进步进步 vi 提升提升 促进促进 提出提出 提前提前 典型例句 I have received an advance payment 用心 爱心 专心2 我已收到一笔预付款 The invention of the wheel is a great advance in human history 在人类历史上车轮的发明是一项巨大进步 Plane tickets are booked in advance 飞机票要提前预订 He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary 他工作做得很好 不久被提升为秘书 Chemical fertilizers advance the growth of crops 化肥促进庄稼生长 It was Hawking that advanced the theory of Black Holes 是霍金提出了 黑洞理论 要点归纳 in advance 在前头 预先 事先 in advance of 在 前面 比 进步 超过 advance on upon toward 朝 前进 向 推进 进击 单项填空单项填空 1 The first quarter of this year has witnessed a big in our car production Which of the following is NOT right A improvement B increase C progress D advance 提示提示 句意为 今年第一季度 我们的汽车生产有了大幅度的提高 只有 progress 是不可 数名词 前面不加冠词 答案答案 C 单句改错单句改错 2 Galileo s ideas were well in the advance of the age in which he lived 答案答案 去掉第一个 the 3 The launch of Chang e 1 satellite to the moon next year will be big advance in the space exploration for our nation 答案答案 big 前加 a 3 think3 think ofof 想起想起 回忆起回忆起 考虑考虑 想到想到 认为认为 典型例句 I often think of my old friends back home 我经常想起远在家乡的老朋友 When I said that I was not thinking of her feelings 我讲那话时 并没有考虑到她的感情 I wouldn t think of disturbing them at this hour of the night 用心 爱心 专心3 我不想在这样的深更半夜去打扰他们 What do you think of the new film the Banquet 你觉得新片 夜宴 怎么样 要点归纳 What do you think of 用来询问对方对某事 某人的评价 相关链接 think 构成的短语 think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出 设计出 think up 想出 设计出 发明 编造 介副词填空介副词填空 1 The plan is well thought 答案答案 of 2 Can t you think a better excuse than that 答案答案 up 3 I must think a way of solving the problem 答案答案 out 4 I tried to think a funny game for the children to play 答案答案 up 5 We just wouldn t think going without you 答案答案 of 6 It s certain that an offer is well worth thinking 答案答案 about 7 What do you think my new car 答案答案 of 4 in4 in additionaddition 除此之外除此之外 另外另外 典型例句 When Diane fell she hurt her arm and in addition broke her glasses 黛安妮摔倒时 摔伤了胳臂 还摔坏了眼镜 In addition to English he has to study a second foreign language 除英语外 他还得学第二外语 要点归纳 in addition 和 in addition to 的用法与 besides 相同 相关链接 besides prep 除 之外还有 adv 此外 包含关系 except prep 除了 之外其他都 排除关系 except for prep 除 外 叙述了总的情况后 用来排除细节情况 在句首时可代替 except except that 除 外 作逻辑上的宾语 except when 除 外 作逻辑上的时间状语 but prep 除 外 常放在疑问代词和不定代词后面 如 nothing but who but 用心 爱心 专心4 you apart from 既可代替 besides 也可代替 except other than 除 之外 有时相当于 except 有时在句中表示某事发生的条件 如 You cannot reach the village other than by boat 除了乘船外 你到不了这个小村庄 单项填空单项填空 1 We enjoyed the holiday the expense A except B besides C in addition to D except for 提示提示 用 except for 排除细节 except for 有时也可翻译为 要不是 的话 答案答案 D 2 Japanese she has to study another foreign language A Except B Except for C In addition to D Beside 提示提示 句意为 除了日语外 她还得学另一门外语 注意 D 项 beside 改为 besides 也对 答案答案 C 3 My family usually go to the seaside to enjoy the sweet sea wind work occupies me A except that B except when C besides that D in addition to 提示提示 except when 在此句是时间状语从句 意为 除了工作忙的时候 答案答案 B 5 find5 find outout 了解了解 到到 找出找出 信息信息 发现发现 打听打听 典型例句 Can you find out Mr Johnson s address for me 你能帮我查一下约翰逊先生的地址吗 Will you try to find out when the trains leave 请设法打听一下火车发车的时间好吗 She will find out all his secrets 她将发现他所有的秘密 相关链接 find find out 和 discover 的区别 find 指找到 丢失的东西 或 偶然发现 某物或某事 When he got to England he found that his English was too limited 他到达英国时发现他的英语太有限了 用心 爱心 专心5 find out 的意思是 查明真相 弄清楚某个事实 多指经过探听 询问 调查之后才发 现某事 He has found out the man who stole the key 他已查出了偷钥匙的那个人 discover 指偶然的找到或发现 这时与 find 同义 也可表示经研究而首次发现早已存在但 尚未被人所知的事物 真理或情况 这时与 find out 同义 但指科学方面的发现时 要用 discover The book was discovered found among waste papers 这本书是在废文件中发现的 Columbus discovered America 哥伦布发现了美洲 单项填空单项填空 1 Please ring him up and the plans for the summer vacation A find B find out C discover D know about 提示提示 句意为 请给他打个电话 问问他打算如何度暑假 find out 在此句中指 打听 答案答案 B 2 It is believed by many experts now that it was Zhenghe who first Australia A found B discovered C travelled D found out 提示提示 句意为 许多专家认为 是郑和首先发现了澳大利亚 此句的情景是 地理发现 所以要用 discovered 答案答案 B 单句改错单句改错 3 You ll find out English important in international businesses 答案 答案 去掉 out find 宾语 宾补 6 obligation6 obligation n n 责任责任 义务义务 典型例句 Our parents fulfilled their obligation to support us 父母亲尽到了抚养我们的责任 We are under an obligation to help the poor 我们有义务帮助穷人 要点归纳 under an obligation 有义务 必须 用心 爱心 专心6 汉译英汉译英 我们大家都有赡养父母的义务 答案答案 We all have the obligation to look after our parents 7 tidy7 tidy vt 整理整理 adj adj 整洁的整洁的 典型例句 She told me to tidy my room 她让我把房间收拾一下 Be sure to tidy up before going out 出去之前一定要收拾一下 Her room is always clean and tidy 她的房间总是干净整洁 要点归纳 tidy up clean up 收拾 整理 单项填空单项填空 He began to his desk and finish off the week s work A tidy up B clear up C do up D fix up 提示提示 句意为 他开始整理书桌 结束一周的工作 tidy up 收拾 整理 clear up 消除 放 晴 do up 系上 扣上 包裹 fix up 安排 解决 答案答案 A 8 favour8 favour n n 恩惠恩惠 照顾照顾 赞成赞成 好意好意 vt vt 支持支持 赞同赞同 有利于有利于 典型例句 Will you do me a favor and phone for me 你能否帮忙给我打个电话 He did all she could to win her favor 他尽其所能去赢得她的好感 Most of us are in favour of the ban on smoking in public places 我们大部分人支持在公共场合下禁止吸烟 The weather favored our voyage 天气对我们的航行有利 要点归纳 in favor of 赞成 支持 do sb a favour 给某人帮忙 用心 爱心 专心7 单项填空单项填空 In the class meeting all the boy students were going camping on the weekend while the girl students weren t A in honour of B in favour of C in search of D in hope of 提示提示 句意为 在班会上 所有男生同意周末去宿营 而女生不同意 in honour of 为纪念 为 庆祝 in favour of 支持 同意 in search of 寻找 in hope of 要改为 in the hope of 或 in hopes of 表示 希望 答案答案 B 9 reply9 reply n n 答复答复 回信回信 典型例句 What did you say in reply to her request 在答复她的请求时你是怎么说的 She replied that she was happy to accept our invitation 她回复说她很高兴接受我们的邀请 I did not know how to reply 我不知道怎么回答好 要点归纳 in reply to 为答复 作为对 的答复 make no reply 不 作答复 reply to 回答 答复 相关链接 reply 和 answer 的区别 1 如果加间接宾语时 要用 answer sb that reply to sb that 2 当后面接名词或代词时 answer 是及物动词 reply 为不及物动词 是正式用语 answer a question reply to a question answer a letter reply to a letter 3 answer the door doorbell telephone 不能说 reply the door doorbell telephone 英汉互译英汉互译 1 Your reply will clear their minds of doubts 答案答案 你的回答将消除他们心中的疑团 2 他没有答复这封信 答案答案 He did not reply to this letter 3 He gave me no chance to reply to his question 用心 爱心 专心8 答案答案 他没有给我回答他问题的机会 4 你提出与他较量 他作何反应 答案答案 What did he do in reply to your challenge 10 leave10 leave outout 遗漏遗漏 漏掉漏掉 省略省略 忽略忽略 典型例句 In copying this paper be careful not to leave out any word 抄这个文件时 不要漏掉任何一个字 You can leave out the details just give us the main facts 你可以省去细节 只告诉我们主要的事实就行了 Don t leave our teachers out from the invitations 请不要忘记邀请我们的老师 相关链接 leave sth to sb 把某事托给某人处理 leave alone 不要打扰 别碰 撇下 一个人 让 一个单独待着 leave behind 遗留 留下 leave for 离此而去 往 出发 leave off 停止 不再使用 leave on 继续穿 让 电灯 亮着 介副词填空介副词填空 1 I think we should leave now and have a cup of tea 答案答案 off 2 Can you tell me the time I ve left my watch 答案答案 behind 3 The electric fire had been left overnight 答案答案 on 4 She left an important detail in her account 答案答案 out 5 Now you just leave it me 答案答案 to 6 Go way and leave me 答案答案 alone 7 We are leaving Canada next week 答案答案 for 11 function11 function n n 功能功能 职责职责 vi vi 机器机器 运行运行 起作用起作用 典型例句 The teacher did not explain its grammatical function 用心 爱心 专心9 老师没有解释它的语法功能 What is his function on the committee 他在委员会里担任什么职务 The refrigerator is not functioning well 冰箱有点问题 The sofa functions as a bed at night 这沙发在夜里可以当床 英汉互译英汉互译 1 Some English adverbs function as adjectives 答案答案 有些英语的副词起形容词的作用 2 我的笔书写时不太好用 答案答案 My pen does not function very well 12 imagine12 imagine n n 想像想像 典型例句 You can imagine how surprised I was 你可以想像我是多么惊讶 I can t imagine your working with such a boring man for as long as five years 我很难想像你能与那一个无聊的人一起工作了五年 I imagine him as a big tall man 我以为他是个高大的人 要点归纳 imagine as 把 想像为 imagine 后接动名词作宾语 相关链接 image n 图像 印象 imaginary adj 假想的 想像的 虚构的 imagination n 想像 空想 想像的事物 想像力 imaginative adj 富于想像的 有想像力的 单项填空单项填空 1 No one can how much I suffered when I built up my own business A imagine B suppose C consider D regard 提示提示 句意为 没有人能想像出我创业时所受到的苦难 答案答案 A 用心 爱心 专心10 2 Only those who have ability can achieve success and fame as film directors A imagined B imaginative C imaginary D imagining 提示提示 句意为 只有那些具有丰富想像力的人才能在电影导演方面获得成功和名声 答案答案 B 13 circumstance13 circumstance n n 情形情形 情况情况 环境环境 典型例句 He was forced by the circumstances to do this 他做此事是为环境所迫 Under no circumstances should you lend him any money 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他 In normal circumstances I would have left such a party immediately 在正常情况下 我本会马上离开那样的宴会的 Circumstances alter cases 谚 环境不同人也变 人的行为因时因地而异 此一时彼一时 要点归纳 in no circumstances under no circumstances 决不 无论如何也不 在任何情况下决不 in under the circumstances 在这种情况下 因为这种情况 under all circumstances 无论如何 单项填空单项填空 1 should we forget the fine traditions and customs of our forefathers A For all reasons B In no circumstances C No matter what D Under all cases 提示提示 句意为 我们在任何情况下都不应当忘记祖辈的优良传统和风俗 只有 in no circumstances 放到句首 句子才用部分倒装 答案答案 B 单句改错单句改错 2 Due to circumstance beyond our control the lecture was cancelled 答案 答案 circumstance 改为 circumstances 二 句型剖析二 句型剖析 1 be 1 be adj adj to to do do 用心 爱心 专心11 典型例句 The question is easy to answer 这问题容易回答 That book is difficult to understand 那本书难懂 The water in that river is not fit to drink 那条河中的水不宜饮用 Harry Potter is pleasant to read 哈利 波特 读起来让人感到愉快 要点归纳 形容词 easy difficult heavy hard nice bitter dangerous light interesting important exp ensive fit comfortable pleasant impossible 后面接不定式作状语 这个不定式与主语 往往是逻辑上的动宾关系 不定式要用主动形式 如果不定式动词是不及物动词 动词后要加 介词 单项填空单项填空 1 Most students agree that Biology is as difficult a subject as Chemistry A to be learned B to learn C are learned D is learned 提示提示 宾语从句中考查两个句型 be adj to do 和 as adj a n as 答案答案 B 2 When one gets tired even the work that is usually easy will become an obstacle A to handle B of handling C to be handled D handled 提示提示 这道试题中的形容词 easy 要求后接不定式的主动形式 答案答案 A 2 2 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 典型例句 I ll have get make everything ready before 5 p m for the evening party 在五点前我将会把今晚宴会的一切事情准备好 Who would you rather have take up the post 你宁愿让谁担任这项职务 His answer made all of us laugh 他的回答使我们大家都笑了 The teacher got Tom to write his homework all over again 老师让汤姆把作业重新做了一遍 用心 爱心 专心12 I m planning to have a garage built 我打算让人建一个车库 I found myself in a completely strange world when waking up 醒来后 我发现自己在一个完全陌生的世界中 She went to see the football match leaving the homework undone 她去看足球赛了 留下作业还没有做 He heard somebody opening the door 他听见有人在开门 要点归纳 能作宾语补足语的有形容词 介词短语 副词 现在分词 过去分词和不定式等 能接 宾语 宾补 的动词有 1 使役动词 make have let get leave 等 2 感官动词 see hear watch listen to feel 等 3 find catch 撞见 后面也可接宾语 宾补 注意 1 作补足语时 动词不定式表示一个完整的动作发生过程或将要发生或经常发生 现在分词 表示一个正在进行的动作 过去分词表示一个被动或已完成的动作 2 make have let 和感官动词如果接不定式作宾补 在主动语态中省略不定式的符号 to 在 被动语态中不能省略 have let 用作使役动词 一般不用被动语态 单项填空单项填空 1 Who did the teacher have an article for the wall newspaper just now A writtenB writing C write D to write 提示提示 句意为 老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了 此句考查的句式是 have sb do sth 答案答案 C 2 The next morning she found the man in bed dead A lying B lie C lay D laying 提示提示 lying 是 lie 的现在分词 表示 躺着 答案答案 A 3 I can t you running up and down all day long A permit B let C have D allow 提示提示 permit 和 allow 后面用动词不定式作宾补 let 后面用动词原形作宾补 have 后面可 以用现在分词作宾补 答案答案 C 4 Is there anything you want from town I m going to get A those letters mailed B mailed letters C to mailed those letters D those letter mail 提示提示 get 后面用过去分词表示被动 构成 get sth done 的句式 用心 爱心 专心13 答案答案 A 5 Mother caught the boy in the corner A smoke B to smoke C smoking D being smoked 提示提示 catch sb doing 表示 撞见某人正在做某事 答案答案 C 3 it3 it 作形式主语作形式主语 典型例句 It is easier to say than to do 说比做容易 It s no harm drinking running water in that area 在那个地区喝自来水是无害的 It is a shame that he didn t pass the exam 很遗憾他没有通过考试 It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意 It seemed that things were not as they expected 看起来情况并不像他们所想像的那样 It is said that the tickets have been sold out 据说票已售完 It is two years since we came here 自从我们来这儿以来已有两年了 It was two years before he joined the army 过了两年他就参军了 It will be one more year before we graduate 再过一年我们才能毕业 要点归纳 1 it 作形式主语时 没有具体意义 而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾 使句子显得平 稳一些 出现形式主语的情况有三种 一种是真正的主语为不定式 一种是真正的主语为动名 词 一种是主语从句 2 一些习惯句型用 it 作主语 如 It is has been 时间段 since 自从 以来已有某段时间了 注意 since 后面的谓语常常是瞬间动词的一般过去时 如果是延续性动词的一般过去时 则要从该动作结束的时候算起 It was 时间段 before 过了一段时间就 才 It will be 时间段 before 将过一段时间才 单项填空单项填空 1 will do good to a senior student to do a part time job they will know more about society A They 用心 爱心 专心14 B That C It D As 提示提示 it 是形式主语 真正的主语是动词不定式 to do a part time job 答案答案 C 2 Does matter if he can t finish the job on time A this B that C he D it 提示提示 句意为 如果他没有按时完成工作 要紧吗 it 作形式主语 答案答案 D 3 We had to be patient because it some time we got the full results A has been since B had been until C was after D would be before 提示提示 句意为 我们必须要耐心 因为将过一段时间我们才能得到完全的结果 答案答案 D 4 is expected that it will be fine tomorrow when we can do some outdoor activities A As B It C That D Such 提示提示 It is expected that 句式 it 是形式主语 如果用 as 的话 要构成非限制性定 语从句 As is expected it will be fine tomorrow when we can do some 答案答案 B 三 语法解读三 语法解读 need 的用法 need 有多种词性 可以作行为动词和情态动词 1 need1 need 作行为动词时后面可以接名词 代词 不定式或动词的作行为动词时后面可以接名词 代词 不定式或动词的 ing ing 形式作宾语 形式作宾语 Do you need some help 你需要一些帮助吗 This room needs cleaning to be cleaned 这个房间需要打扫 注意 1 当 need 的主语与 need 后面的动词是被动关系时 need 后面接不定式的被动形式或动名 词的主动形式 2 need 用作行为动词时有人称和数的变化 其第三人称单数形式为 needs 变为否定句或 疑问句时要用助动词 do does 2 need2 need 作情态动词时常常用于否定句 疑问句或条件状语从句中作情态动词时常常用于否定句 疑问句或条件状语从句中 此时没有人称和数的变此时没有人称和数的变 用心 爱心 专心15 化 试比较化 试比较 You needn t go there if you don t want to 如果你不想去那里 你就不必去 句中的 need 是情态动词 You don t need to come if you feel sick 如果你觉得不舒服就不必来了 句中的 need 是行为动词 3 needn t3 needn t 和和 don tdon t havehave toto 可作为可作为 mustmust 表示必须时的否定回答 表示必须时的否定回答 Must I come back before 5 p m 我必须在下午五点前赶回来吗 Yes you must 是的 你必须 No you needn t 不 你不必 4 didn t4 didn t needneed toto dodo 表示过去不必做某事表示过去不必做某事 事实上也没做 事实上也没做 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary so she didn t need to walk back home 约翰开车去车站接玛丽 所以她不必步行回家了 5 needn t5 needn t havehave donedone 表示过去不必做某事表示过去不必做某事 但事实上已做过了 但事实上已做过了 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary so she needn t have walked back home 约翰开车去车站接玛丽 所以她本不必步行回家了 Mary 步行回家了 没有遇上 John 的车 单项填空单项填空 1 I m going to tell Anna of the news that she