专业英语复习参考4.7 交通土建工程本科自学考试复习资料

阿 交通土建工程本科 英译汉 1 Construction plans and held to both 施工图纸和规范规定了材 料或施工程序应满足的许 多要求 达到要求的方法 有两种 一种称为 方式 与方法 详细地阐明所要 提供的材料或所用的程序 另一种称为 结果 或 最终结果 规定预期的 最终产品 将方式与方法 留给承包商去选择 有时 两者均可能写入合同文件 但在这种情况下 由于承 包商不能同时遵从两者 故有关部门实施 结果 条款的能力可能值得怀疑 2 The basic concept less than the surface course 柔性路面设计基本概念就 是荷载施加于路表上 是 连续地分布到较大区域面 积之上的 并向下传递到 较低的层位中 直到其强 度减少到比路面下天然土 还低 这就意味着整个层 位体系都是联系的 总的 来说 较低的层位比面层 的成本低 3 The advent of high gutters at the side of the road 高速分向公路的出现引发 了一个老问题 潮位空气 下的路表 当时速超过 80km h 时 如果有水存留 于路中 运动的轮胎与路 表之间有水的侵入 就会 减小压实的有效面积 如 果水在轮胎之下长期滞留 那么所有的直接接触都会 消失 打滑现象就会产生 新型的汽车轮胎都带有排 水的花纹 但是更为有效 的解决办法是应用大孔隙 排水路表 这就可以使雨 水由表面排走 而不用引 入到水沟后从路边排走 4 It often becomes hydraulic standpoint 为了给道路或机场让道 经常需要改移部分天然水 道 通过现有河流的改道 将其保持在道路的一侧 而不是来回跨越 通常能 将大大小小的排水构造物 取消 在许多构造物位置 现场调查指出改渠和改善 构造物的上下游 从水力 学的观点看 可能提供一 种更好的情况 汉译英 1 公路定线一般 两种方 法 Generally speaking highway alignment has two methods ie on the job alignments and paper alignment 2 驾驶员对前方 称为视距 The sight distance can be defined as the maximum distance that the driver can see from the anterior objects in the traveled way 3 城市运输系统 组成部分 The city transportation system is a basic part of the social and economic system of the urban areas 4 这些经验 属于线形 Those experience has taught us that the briadges must be subordinatted to the alignment 5 每一施工阶段 以确保 结构的安全 In each construction stage the deck deflections must be carefully surveyed to ensure the safety of the structure 6 对于多车道 是有利的 As for multilance highway it is possibly beneficent to design the vis vis travel lane as two separate roads 7 水文分析 两个基本步骤 Hydrographic analysis and hydrodynamic design are two basic procedures for solving the problem of overland drainage 8 应该按统计方法来研究结 构抗力 The structural resistance should be researched according to statistical method 9 按照上部结构类型和基础 情况拟定初步尺寸 The preliminary dimensions are assumed according to the type of super structure and foundation 10 交通事故是指 物质 损失 A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury or death or property damage is caused by vehicles in traffic 11 在路面中 低基层 In the roadway the subbase can act as an independent layer or doesn t exist at all 12 这种结构的例子 就有 记载 The examples of this type of construction were recorded along time ago 13 悬臂施工的主要优点是 The principal advantage of the cantilever construction is to eliminate the falsework 14 我们必须注意防结冰 损坏 We should pay attention to chemical compound of preventing freezing whose adverse parts will cause the deck damage of the bridge 15 合理的路堤施工要求土 壤 The proper embankment construction requires that the soil be spread in layers and compacted at a moisture content near optimum 16 电子计算机的应用使得 精确分析高次超静定问题 成为可能 The application of electronic computers makes it possible to precisely analyze the highly statically indeterminate systems 17 差不多在所有工程项目 中 Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects 18 虽然在白天 发生在晚 上 It seems that the traffic transportation is much busier in the day time but about 1 3 accidents take place at night 19 软岩隧道 不需要使用 炸药 The main feature of the construction of the loose rock tunnel is that no gunpowder is needed in the process 9 阅读理解 12 Research is one of the most structural materials 1 Research is one of the most important 2 A research is often employed in a laboratory 3 A research usually scientists and engineers 11 The current tendency as part of the mixture 1 The current tendency to develop lighter materials 2 An aluminum weighs much less than steel 3 An aluminum has many of the same 10 The employer or promoter by the promoter 1 The conditions by the promoter 2 The obligations that the contractor 3 In most cases it has been accepted 9 Vehicular safety design 1 According to the passage which is not mentioned brake pedal 2 According to the passage which become standard four way emergency flashers 3 According to the passage which design is described Vehicular safety 8 Clearing the site precedes be required 1 According to the passage site clearing 2 According to the passage earth is not 3 If all vegetable the vegetable grow fast 4 Sometimes clearing adjacent areas 6 That works must be on these matters 1 The work must be the employer s representative 2 The employer might be able to postpone indefinitely 5 Civil engineering feasibility studies 1 Civil engineering almost always distinctive 2 Each project must be studied carefully 3 The study which feasibility study 4 Which of Today civil engineering 4 In the university must be considered 1 Mathematics is it is greatly stressed 2 Statistics deals with gathering calssifying or pieces of information 3 An important aspect of statistical probability 4 Which is the main meaning of the passage Mathematics is very 3 Materials are usually any previous blasting 1 According to the passage common 2 Loose rock loaders or shovels 2 We all enter into other structures 1 Which of the following is true We all enter into contracts almost everyday 2 We enter into contracts for the supply of goods we don t need to enter into length negotiations 3 The contracts for the sale and must be made in a particular form 4 Two parities of the contract he is liable for breach of contract 1 Altogether three the opposite direction 1 Horizontal forces act sideways 2 Forces acting at horizontal and vertical forces 3 The horizontal forces must there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left 4 Which of the following is true there forces acting on a structure must be kept in balance 填空 1 Excavation is the process waste deposit 2 Clearing the site precedes operations 3 Rock nearly always must power shovel 4 No attempt was made to control moisture 5 Causes of automobile can pedestrian 6 Another improvement in driver rearview 7 Areas of research soil stabilization 8 An important aspect of probability 9 Prestressed concrete is 10 This sum is known as retention money defects 11 Material for embankment commonly comes borrow areas 12 Loose rock includes materials weathered or rotten 13 The redesign of ventilating 14 The safe performance of heavy duty 15 The new design standards guard 16 Engineers often works consultants 17 The weight of the structure dead load 18 When planning a structure live load 19 A simple contract consists agreement 20 Relocation and reduction in height pedal 21 Thus on the job 22 Large projects ordinarily y systems engineer 23 Young engineers may environmental 24 As a structural tensile strength 25 Modern cement called Portland cement 26 The three forces that can vertical force 27 The word contact is derived from drawn 28 to the contract is liable for breach of 29 contractor is not entiled to any payment 选择 1 Removal relocation and redesign safe 2 To avoid the driving after breath test 3 The rubber tired tractor units wet 4 There are many variables in earthmoving 5 Volume change would result in 6 In the employ s interest abandoned 7 A tender is normally required offer 8 The term embankment 9 Modern practice requires that carefully 10 In fills constructed by end dumping vary 11 In addition the weather 12 Thrust is the pressure its other parts 13 Today scientific in advance 14 The force which impact 15 In tension pulled apart 16 The actual degree of safety different 17 finally individual as 18 Safe highways are expensive and 19 Basically cause of into 20 The advantage vehicle 21 No figures are 22 for the driver s enlarged 23 The safe performance under 24 The highway can physical 25 There is a great deal do to 26 Computer program is now curricula 27 The relationship closer 28 A ctive recruiting 29 They may prefer to deals 30 The civil engineer may work supervision 31 The principal construction materials of masonry brick 32 Steel has great tensile strength complement 33 Some contracts form 34 By setting down the terms of disputers 35 The contractor is not entitled 36 it is normal practice an 37 Dams bridges and other large systems 38 Electrical and mechanical engineers design 39 It involves scheduling low 40 Much of work outdoors 41 In his case layer predetermined 42 nearly all vegetable 43 There are two result 44 Loose rock is tractor scraper 45 Terminology concerned with 46 Concrete is very versatile 47 Steel rods are 48 One system that cut 49 The modern engineer defferent 50 A simple contract two or more parties 51 Generally civil engineering interim certificates 52 it does not unusually 53 In most cases withdrawn 54 The law relation a legal obligation 55 When we enter pay 56 If there is no a dispute 57 Roadbeds underlie 58 Where material is cheapest 59 The rubber tired wet 60 There are many 61 Many different corporations 62 Construction can be dangerous 63 The prospective demand s 64 When a saw in tension 65 Modern cement limestone and clay 66 Civil engineers work on structures 67 In designing buildings consultants 68 Computer can t a good program 69 Construction is a complicated proces s 70 construction can be very dangerous 71 for example dams are 72 the prospective civil engineer demands 73 In Rome most insoles 74 The weight of live load 75 In compression pushed 76 Vertical force acts 77 The Romans are used a natural volcanic ash 78 Different proportions defferent 79 Vehicular safety design usually upon 80 A main source drunken 81 The use of uniform as well as 82 Another improvement in driver outside 83 Public agencies to be 84 The needs generated in 85 Layered construction als