初中英语阅读理解之推理判断题.ppt

在冬天的夜晚 天气冷得让人不想出门 见习警员走在大街上 突然听到远处一女子大叫 有人打劫啊 见习警员刚一回身 就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离 他立刻追了上去 但是这贼跑得飞快 追了八条街之后没影了 最后 见习警员在附近的一个商店店铺前看到有四个人 A 正在闲暇百无聊赖地抽烟B 正在聚精会神地看报纸C 正在手机通话中D 正在狼吞虎咽的吃拉面根据调查 犯人就在这四人当中 初中阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧 授课老师 黄文婷 什么是推理判断题 1 推理判断题的分类 2 推理判断题解题技巧 3 内容大纲 推理判断题的定义 透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思 对作者的态度意图及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断 从作者的角度去考虑 不可脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断 推理判断题分类 推断作者观点或态度 推断文章出处 推断隐含意义 推断隐含意义 Part1 什么是隐含意义 T Doyouthinkthisclassisinteresting S Iwanttogohome Q Whatdoesthestudentreallymean 根据文章事实进行逻辑推理 透过字面意义理解作者的言外之意 设问方式 Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Whenthewritertalksabout whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer concludefromthepassagethat 如何推断隐含意义 寻找相关信息点 研读其字面意义 结合语境进行推断 理解作者的言外之意 技巧点拨 1 判断有据 推断有理 忠于原文 2 全面分析 不可断章取义 3 善于揣摩作者思路 排除干扰项 1 原文信息的简单重复 4 符合常识 但文章中没有信息支持 3 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论 2 推理过度的片面结论 Whohasmorequestions ateacherorastudent Aboutthisquestionagreatlearnedmantoldhisstudentthatnobodydoesbutateacher Thestudentgotpuzzled Withasmile theteacherdrewtwocircles 圆 Within 在 里面 thelargeroneismyknowledgeofthings andwithinthesmalleroneisyours Outofthecirclesisstillunknowntobothofus Sincemineislarger asyoucansee thelinethatmarksoutthecircleislonger Thatmakesitclearthatwhohasmorechances 机会 tofacesomethingstillunknown Attheendofthestory thegreatlearnedmanconcluded 推断 that A astudentshouldlearnfromhisteacherB ateacherdoesnothavesomanyquestionsashisstudentC astudentknowsmorethanhisteacherD ateacherhasmorechancestofacewhathedoesn tknow Therehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers Buttheywerereallybusinessmen Therewassomethingtheywanted alady ormoney oracountry orhonor Andsotheygotit Butatrueadventurerisdifferent Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet Therehavebeenmanyhalf adventurers Andtheyweregreatmen Historyisrichwiththeirstories Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventurers InthebigcityofNewYork RomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting Aswewalkalongthestreet theyarewatchingus Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely Orinaquietstreet wehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives Acartakesustoastrangedoor insteadoftoourown Thedoor opensandweareaskedtoenter Ateverycorner eyeslooktowardus orhandsareraised orfingerspoint Adventureisoffered Butfewofusarereadytoaccept Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes Wemoveon andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife Thenwebegintothink Then whenitistoolate wearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventureisdifferentfromabusinessman A Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet B Heisnotinterestedinmoney C Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot D Atrueadventureisromantic whileabusinessmanisdull 推断人物性格观点或态度 Part2 人物的观点和态度 objective客观的neutral中立的subjective主观的positive积极的negative消极的approval赞成的disapproval不赞成的critical批评的 设问方式 Thewriter sattitudetowards is Thewriterthoughtthat Accordingtotheauthor 技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 MrsSmithtreatedherlittledogquite A cruellyB fairlyC kindlyD unfriendly ItwasMondy MrsSmith sdogwashungry buttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse Consideringthattherewasnobetterway MrsSmithtookapieceofpaper andwrotethefollowingwordsonit Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently Takethistothebutcher personwhosejobissellingmeat andhe sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday Ifsomeoneasksme Doyoulikemusic I msureIwillanswerhimorher Ofcourse Ido becauseIthinkmusicisanimportantpartofourlives Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutmusic Forme Ilikerockmusicbecauseit ssoexciting Andmyfavoriterockband the FoxyLadies 酷妹 isoneofthemostfamousrockbandsintheworld Ialsolikepopmusic MyclassmateLiLanlovesdancemusic becausesheenjoysdancing Mybestfriend Jane likesjazzmusic 爵士乐 Shethinksjazzisreallycool Ilikedancemusicandrockverymuch saysmybrother becausetheyareamazing Butmymotherthinksrockisboring Ilikesomerelaxing 轻松的 music shesays That swhyshelikescountrymusic Ithink Thewriter smotherthinksthatcountrymusicis A amazingB boringC relaxingD disappointing Iwouldalmostratherseeyoudead BobertS Cassatt aleadingbankerofPhiladelphia shoutedwhenhistwenty year oldeldestdaughterannouncedthatshewantedtobecomeanartist Inthe19thcentury playingatdrawingorpaintingondisheswasallrightforayounglady butseriousworkinartwasnot Andwhentheyounglady sfamilyrackedamong 挤身于 thebestofPhiladelphia ssocial 社会各界的 families suchanideacouldnotevenbeconsidered ThatwashowMaryCassatt born1844 beganherstruggleasanartist Shedidnottremble 颤抖 beforeherfather sanger sheopposed 反对 himwithcourageandatlastmadehimchangehismind MaryCassattgaveuphersocialpositionandallthoughtsofathousandandafamily whichinthosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady Intheend afterlongyearsofhardworkandperseverance 坚持 shebecameAmerica smostimportantwomanartistandtheinternationally 国际上的 recognizedleadingwomanpainterofthetime WhatdoweknowaboutRobertCassatt scharacterfromthetext A Hewasacruelman B Hewasastubborn 固执的 man B Heknewnothingaboutart D Heknewlittleabouthisdaughter Wearealreadyfamiliarwithcomputers computersworkforusathome inofficesandinfactories Butitisalsotruethatmanychildrentodayareusingcomputersatschoolsbeforetheycanwrite Whatdoesthismeanforthefuture Arethesechildrenluckyornot Manypeoplewhodonotknowaboutcomputersthinkofthemasmachinesthatchildrenplaywith Theyworrythatchildrendonotlearnfromexperiencebutjustfrompressingabuttonandthatthisisnotgoodforthem Theythinkthatchildrenaregrowingnotknowingabouttherealworld Butpeoplewhounderstandmoreaboutcomputerssaythatcomputerscanbeverygoodforchildren Acomputercanhelpthemtolearnabouttherealworldmorequickly tolearnwhattheywanttolearnandthinkforthemselves Andforthefuture don tweneedpeoplewhocanthinkclearly whoknowhowtogetinformationquicklyanduseitwell Whatdoyouthink Doesthewriterthinkcomputerisagoodthing A Itisn tmentioned B No hedoesn tthinkso C Hedoesn tknow D Yes hedoes Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar clearlyinneedofhelp Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout Althoughhewassmiling theoldladywasworried Washegoingtohurther Hedidn tlooksafe Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid I mheretohelpyou madam Whydon tyouwaitinthecarwhereit swarm Bytheway mynameisBryanAnderson Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim ButBryanwantednomoney Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble Thiswasnormalforhim Hesaid Ifyoureallywanttorepayme nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed helpthemandthinkofme Aftersayinggoodbye theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmallcaf whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat Astheprettywaitresstookherorder theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant 怀孕 Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredshewasverykind Astheladywasgoingtopaythe 10bill sherememberedBryan swords Shepaidwithahundred dollarbill Butwhenthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone Onthetableshesawasmallnote Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayI mhelpingyou Ifyouwanttopaymeback continuebeingkindtoothers Underthenotewereninemore 100bills Wastheoldladyanangel Thewaitresswassoexcitedthatshecalledherhusbandtotellhimthenews Bryan BryanAndersonmydear you renotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldladyfromthestory A Shewasneverkindtoothers B Shewasusuallyquitecareless C Shewasprobablyveryrich D Shewasnotaverygooddriver Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities Ofcourse therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventures thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans Now however therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity Youjumpfromahighplace perhapsabridgeorahot airballoon 200metresabovethegroundwithanelastic 有弹性的 ropetiedtoyourankles Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildinganddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliff 悬崖 Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring Notverylongago diseasescouldnoteasilybecured andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival 生存 Nowadays accordingtomanypeople lifeofferslittleexcitement Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions theybuyfoodinshops andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping Thewriterofthetexthasa attitudetowardsdangeroussports A Positive 肯定的 B negative 否定的 C neutral 中立的 D nervous 紧张的 推断文章出处 Part3 设问方式 Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 技巧点拨 a 报纸 日期 地点或通讯社名称 从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处 a 报纸b 广告c 产品说明 b 广告 物品价格 广告词等 c 产品说明 器皿 设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式 而药品的使用说明会告知服用的时间 次数 药量 Asubwayisnotjustanimportantformoftransport Itisalsoawindowforotherpeopletolearnaboutlocalculture Beijing ChinaTheBeijingSubwaywasopenedin1969andistheoldestsubwaysysteminChina Ithasaddedsomemoderntechnologies Allstationsnowhavetouch screen