中考英语专题复习---非谓语动词

一 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1 Our parents tell us listen carefully in class 2 I prefer watch TV at home to go out on such a rainy day 3 How about have a party this weekend 4 Would you mind open the door for me 5 We have decided not hang out after school 二 完成句子 每空一词 1 It took me two hours 完成 my math homework last night 2 It is difficult 学习如何开车 3 They have many difficulties 做 the hard job 4 We don t know 该干什么 next 5 The little boy 停止哭泣 and laughed again 动词不定式在句中的作用 1 作宾语 1 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有 want hope wish plan decide learn agree try 等 如 I want to play basketball this weekend 这个周末我想打篮球 The boy decided to get up early the next day 男孩决定第二天早点起床 后接不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应 hope wish want agree promise 一个要求莫拒绝 demand refuse 设法学会做决定 manage learn decide 不要假装在选择 pretend choose 2 在常用句型 find think it adj to do sth 中 it 作形式宾语 动词不定式作真正的宾 语 放在宾语补足语 adj 后面 如 I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river 我发现沿着这么漂亮的河边散步真是太棒了 2 作宾语补足语 在复合宾语中 动词不定式可充当宾语补足语 常接动词不 定 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 的 动 词 有 want wish tell ask teach encourage invite allow urge 等 如 My mother wants me to be a teacher 我妈妈想让我成为一名教师 She asked the students to say something 她让学生们说一说 3 作状语 They stay there to wait for the latest news 他们待在那里等待最新的消息 作目的状语 They are too tired to walk 他们太累了以至于走不动了 作结果状语 4 作表语 Her work is to teach English 她的工作是教英语 5 作定语 不定式必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 They have no house to live in 他们无房子可住 6 作主语 常用 it 作形式主语 而往往将动词不定式后置 It takes us hours to do our homework every day 我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业 It s not easy to learn a foreign language well 学好一门外语不容易 动词不定式基本用法 不定式有标记 to 与动原连一起 没有人称数变化 动词特点它具备 主宾定补表状语 唯独作谓不可以 Not 加上不定式 否定结构要牢记 疑问词与不定式 构成短语有意义 仔细推敲多思考 准确判断有依据 常见的动词不定式的省略形式 1 作 make 使得 let 让 允许 have 请 的宾语补足语 的动词不定式常省略 to 如 The funny child made everyone laugh 这个有趣的孩子让每个人都笑了 注意 当变为被动语态时 省略的 to 要加上 如 Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child 每个人都被这个有趣的孩子逗笑了 2 感观动词 see watch notice hear sb do 强调动作的过程或经常性 如 All of us heard her sing 我们全都听到了她唱歌 3 had better not do sth 意为 最好 不要 做某事 是固定搭配 4 Why not do Why don t you do 意为 为何不做 用于提出建议 5 would rather do than do 意 为 宁 愿 做 而 不 愿做 疑问词 不定式 有些动词 如 ask know learn decide tell show teach 等 后面可接 疑问代词或副词 不 定式 作宾语 不定式可以和疑 问代 词 who whom whose what which 或 疑问 副词 when where how why 连用构成不定式短语 如 I don t know where to go 我不知道去哪儿 He asked how to do it 他问怎么做 后接 疑问词 to do 作宾语的动词 学会忘记有难处 learn forget 想知道就别来劝告 wonder know advise 展开讨论教人对付 show discuss teach 弄清楚才决定告诉 find out decide tell 1 It took me two weeks reading the novels written by Guo Jingming A finish B to finish C finishes D Finishing 2 I asked her the bag because it was too expensive A not to buy B to buy not C not buying D not buy 3 What are the doing there They are busy their science experiment A boys students to do B boy students to do C boys students doing D boy students doing 4 It s time for dinner Linda Let s out this evening Nice But I prefer Chinese food western food A eat to B to eat than C eat than D to eat to 5 Would you like the Wutong Mountain tomorrow If my mother I will go with you A climbing will allow B climbing allows C to climb allows D to climb will allow 6 It s going to rain Remember an umbrella when you go to school All right Mom A taking B bringing C to take D to bring 7 Our teacher always tells us time playing computer games A not to waste B not waste C don t waste 8 How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up It makes me very proud A feel B felt C to feel 9 Can you see the girl outside the classroom She is Miss Li s daughter A stands B standing C Stand 10 It s too hot Would you mind my the window Do it as you like please A to open OK B opening Certainly not C opening Of course D open Good idea 11 If anyone ever asks her how old she is she always answers My dear it must be terrible A grown up B being grown up C be grown up D to be grown up 12 Try to sing more English songs you will find it interesting a foreign language A learning B learns D to learn C learn 13 I feel a bit hungry now Why not for dinner with us A go B did you go C to go D do you go 14 Do you often go swimming Sunday mornings Yes Why not with me this Sunday A on go B in to go C on going D in going 15 The doctor told me too much but I find it difficult The doctor is right The less you drink you will be A don t drink the healthier B not to drink the healthier C not to drink the more healthier D don t drink healthier 16 After the earthquake hit Japan many international organizations offered A to helping B to help C Helping 17 The assistant won t let you the cinema if you haven t a ticket A enter B to enter C Entering 18 I often hear her this song Listen Can t you hear her in the next room A sing sing B singing singing C sing singing 19 We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet Really Will you please show me it A how to use B what to use C how can I use D what can I use 20 The teacher told the students any food into the computer room A not to bring B not bring C don t bring D bring not 21 The weather report says there is going to a typhoon tonight So we had better out A be not go B have not go C be not to go D have not to go 22 Tell him the teacher and the window A to listen to not look out of B to listen to not to look out C to listen to not to look out of D listen to don t look out of 23 Remember your personal information to strangers It s dangerous A to tell B not to tell C not tell 24 What did your father say just now He told me not in the street A run B runs C running D to run 非谓语动词中考考查内容 非谓语动词中考考查内容 1 不定式 不定式 ing 形式和过去分词中 不定式和形式和过去分词中 不定式和 ing 形式考查最多 尤其是不定形式考查最多 尤其是不定 式的否定形式 省去式的否定形式 省去 to 和不省和不省 to 的情况 及只能用的情况 及只能用 ing 形式作宾语的情况 形式作宾语的情况 2 在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法 在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法 3 不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和 不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和 ing 形式意义不同 形式意义不同 4 有关非谓语动词的固定句型 有关非谓语动词的固定句型 考考 点一点一 不定式不定式 1 不定式的基本形式是 不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 它具有动词的特点 即可以有自己的宾 动词原形 它具有动词的特点 即可以有自己的宾 语和状语 但它没有人称与数的变化 在句中也不能作谓语 动词不定式和自语和状语 但它没有人称与数的变化 在句中也不能作谓语 动词不定式和自 己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语 己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语 My father asked me not to read in bed 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书 2 不定式的句法作用 不定式的句法作用 动词不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的作用 它可以作主语 宾语 宾补和状动词不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的作用 它可以作主语 宾语 宾补和状 语 语 1 作主语作主语 动词不定式作主语时 常用动词不定式作主语时 常用 it 作形式主语 而将真正的主语放在作形式主语 而将真正的主语放在 句末 句末 It be 形容词 形容词 for sb 动词不定式 动词不定式 It s important for us to protect environment 对我们来说对我们来说 保护环境是重要的 保护环境是重要的 注 当在注 当在 kind good nice clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后 不用等表示人的品质的形容词后 不用 for 而用而用 of It s very kind of you to help me 你帮助我真是太好啦 你帮助我真是太好啦 It s very clever of you to do like that 你那样做真是太聪明啦 你那样做真是太聪明啦 2 作宾语作宾语 He wants to go out with her 注 注 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词表示命令 打算或一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词表示命令 打算或 希望 如 希望 如 would like want wish hope decide plan expect 等 等 Would you like to see a film this evening 你今晚想去看电影吗 你今晚想去看电影吗 在在 find think 后跟不定式作宾语时 常用后跟不定式作宾语时 常用 it 代替 而将真正的宾语放在句代替 而将真正的宾语放在句 末 末 I find it easy to read English every day 我发现每天读英语很容易 我发现每天读英语很容易 3 宾语补足语宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补时 它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 动词不定式作宾补时 它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio 露西要他关小收音机 露西要他关小收音机 4 作定语作定语 动词不定式作定语时 应放在名词之后 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾动词不定式作定语时 应放在名词之后 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾 关系 关系 I have a lot of homework to do 我有许多家庭作业要做 我有许多家庭作业要做 There is nothing to worry about 没什么要担心的 没什么要担心的 5 作状语作状语 Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter 目的目的 王太太去上海看她女儿 王太太去上海看她女儿 We re glad to meet you here 原因原因 我们很高兴在这见到你 我们很高兴在这见到你 He is too tired to work on 结果结果 他太累了而不能继续工作 他太累了而不能继续工作 3 不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 not They told us not to play basketball too long 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球 You d better not go to bed late 你最好不要睡觉太晚 你最好不要睡觉太晚 4 不定式常和疑问词 不定式常和疑问词 what which when where how 连用 相当于一个宾连用 相当于一个宾 语从句 语从句 The teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉同学们做什么 老师正告诉同学们做什么 He didn t know where to go where to go where he should go 他不知道去哪里 他不知道去哪里 考考 点二点二 动名词动名词 动名词由动词原形 动名词由动词原形 ing 构成 与现在分词同形 动名词既有动词的性质 作构成 与现在分词同形 动名词既有动词的性质 作 宾语和状语 也有名词的性质 可作主语 宾语 表语或定语 宾语和状语 也有名词的性质 可作主语 宾语 表语或定语 1 作主语 如 作主语 如 Eating too much is bad for your health 吃得太多对身体健康有害 吃得太多对身体健康有害 注 动名词和动词不定式作主语 在许多情况下可以通用 但动名词作主语多注 动名词和动词不定式作主语 在许多情况下可以通用 但动名词作主语多 表示抽象或多次的行为 不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作 表示抽象或多次的行为 不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作 2 作表语 如 作表语 如 My mother s job is raising chicken 我母亲的工作是养鸡 我母亲的工作是养鸡 3 作宾语 如 作宾语 如 I don t mind listening to that story again 我不介意再听一遍那个故事 我不介意再听一遍那个故事 4 作定语 如 作定语 如 Let s join the singing group 让我们加入合唱队吧 让我们加入合唱队吧 a working method 工作方法工作方法 5 其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有 其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有 finish enjoy practice understand mind keep consider miss avoid 避避 免免 suggest admit be worth have difficulty problem trouble fun waste time can t help can t stop be used to 习惯于习惯于 等 等 其后既可以接动名词 也可接动词不定式的动词有其后既可以接动名词 也可接动词不定式的动词有 love like prefer begin start continue remember try stop forget h ate need allow go on 等 等 介词后接动名词 如 介词后接动名词 如 keep from stop from make a contribution to look forward to spend in be afraid of be proud of be used for feel like give up be interested in put off 等 等 6 当 当 need require want 作作 需要需要 解时 后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被解时 后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被 动式 动式 The window needs cleaning The window needs to be cleaned 那个窗户需要被清洗 那个窗户需要被清洗 7 不定式是不及物动词时 作定语不能省去介词 不定式是不及物动词时 作定语不能省去介词 Weihai is a good place to live in 威海是一个居住的好地方 威海是一个居住的好地方 I don t have enough time to study for the test so I have something to worry about 因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习 所以我有些担心 因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习 所以我有些担心 考点三考点三 分词分词 1 分词的构成分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 现在分词由分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 现在分词由 动词动词 ing 构成 过去分词的构成 过去分词的 基本形式是基本形式是 动词动词 ed 但也有不规则的形式 但也有不规则的形式 The boy named John is from America 那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国 那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国 You should have your hair cut 你该理发了 你该理发了 We are excited about the news 我们对那条新闻感到兴奋 我们对那条新闻感到兴奋 注 现在分词表示注 现在分词表示 令人令人 的的 主语一般是物 过去分词表示 主语一般是物 过去分词表示 感到感到 的的 主语一般是人 主语一般是人 He is surprised to hear the news 他听到那个消息感到很吃惊 他听到那个消息感到很吃惊 The news is surprising 那个消息令人吃惊 那个消息令人吃惊 辨析 辨析 1 有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可 但意义稍有差别 有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可 但意义稍有差别 Error Stop thinking please 请停止思考 请停止思考 Stop to think about it for a moment 停下来想一会 停下来想一会 Error I remember posting your letter 我得把你的信寄出去了 我得把你的信寄出去了 信已寄出信已寄出 Please remember to post my letter 请记住把我的信寄出去 请记住把我的信寄出去 信尚未寄出信尚未寄出 Error I forgot to bring my homework 我忘记带作业了 我忘记带作业了 没带作业没带作业 I forgot bringing my homework 我忘记已把作业带来了 我忘记已把作业带来了 作业已带来作业已带来 Error He tried speaking English to us 他试着用英语和我们谈话 他试着用英语和我们谈话 Please try to do better next time 下次设法做得更好些 下次设法做得更好些 Error Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one 做完这个练习题后 接着做另一个练习题 做完这个练习题后 接着做另一个练习题 Go on doing the exercise after a short rest 休息一会儿之后 我们继续做练习 休息一会儿之后 我们继续做练习 Error We don t allow smoking here 我们不允许在这儿吸烟 我们不允许在这儿吸烟 We don t allow students to go out on school days 上学时 我们不允许学生外出 上学时 我们不允许学生外出 2 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别 我们常见的动词如 我们常见的动词如 see watch notice hear feel have 等 它们接不带等 它们接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作 接现在分词作宾补 表的不定式作宾补 表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作 接现在分词作宾补 表 示动作正在进行着 示动作正在进行着 I heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌 我听到他正在教室里唱歌 唱唱 这个动作正在进行这个动作正在进行 I heard him sing in the classroom 我听到他在教室里唱歌了 我听到他在教室里唱歌了 唱唱 这个动作已结束这个动作已结束 I saw him going up the stairs 我看见他正在上楼 我看见他正在上楼 上楼上楼 这个动作正在进行这个动作正在进行 I saw him go up the stairs 我看见他上楼了 我看见他上楼了 上楼上楼 这个动作已完成这个动作已完成 3 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别 在语态上 现在分词表示主动意义 过去分词表示被动意义 在语态上 现在分词表示主动意义 过去分词表示被动意义 the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人一个受惊吓的人 a moving film 一场感人的电影一场感人的电影 the moved people 被感动的人们被感动的人们 在时间上 现在分词表示正在进行的动作 过去分词表示已经完成的动作 在时间上 现在分词表示正在进行的动作 过去分词表示已经完成的动作 the developing country 发展中国家发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家发达国家 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 4 易混句式易混句式 have sb do sth have sb doing sth 和和 have sth done 的区别 的区别 have sb do sth 意为意为 让某人做某事让某人做某事 have 可以用可以用 let make 代替 不定式代替 不定式 往往表示一次性的具体动作 且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 往往表示一次性的具体动作 且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着 have sb doing sth 意为意为 让某人做某事让某人做某事 have 可以用可以用 keep 代替 现在分词代替 现在分词 doing 这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义 这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义 The two men had their lights burning all night long 那两个人让灯通宵亮着 那两个人让灯通宵亮着 have sth done 意为意为 让某人做某事让某人做某事 即 即 ask sb else to do sth 过去分词过去分词 done 这个动作由他人这个动作由他人 即非主语本身即非主语本身 来完成 含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成 来完成 含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成 The driver had his car washed once a week 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车 1 Please remember the lights when you leave the room OK I will A turn off B to turn off C turning off Peter is busy at school but he never forgets exercise every day A working doing B working to do C at work doing 2 I can t decide You mean the purple sweater or the blue one A how to go there B who to go with C where to visit D which to choose 3 There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop We can t decide A what to buy B to buy what C which to buy D to buy which 4 Why not an English club to practice English A to join to speak B join speaking C join to speak D to join speaking 5 How about in the river with us Sorry I can t My parents often tell me that A swim don t do B swim to do C swimming not do D swimming not to do 6 The woman made his son finally after she told him some jokes A laughedB to laughC laugh D laughing 7 Granny often tell us water in our daily life A save B saving C to save D saves 1 I d like you for a picnic with us A go B to go C going D went 2 As teenagers we re old enough with housework We can help set the table wash the dishes and clean our own rooms A to help B helping C helped 3 Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby A to stop crying B stop crying C to stop to cry D stop to cry 4 What are on show in the museum Some photos by the children of Yushu Qinghai A have been taken B were taken C are taken D taken 5 We have two rooms but I can t decide A to live to choose which one B lived choose which one C to live in which one to choose D live which one 6 The teacher told the students any food into the computer room A not to bring B not bring C don t bring D bring not 7 We don t have much homework this weekend Shall we go out together OK What about a movie A to see B seeing C to see D sees 8 Why not an English club to practice English A to join to speak B join speaking C join to speak D to join speaking 9 At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat on line A create B creates C creating D created 10 Are you going to Tibet for vacation Yes I want you to me with some information about it A offerB giveC show D provide 11 I can t decide You mean the purple sweater or the blue one A how to go there B who to go with C where to visit D which to choose 12 How about going shopping this weekend Peter Sorry I prefer rather than A to stay at home go out B to go out stay at home C staying at home go out D going out stay at home 13 Please remember the lights when you leave the room OK I will A turn off B to turn off C turning off 14 The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam A to have B has C having D have 15 There are so many kinds of computers in the shop I really don t know to choose A what B which C how D where 16 Father often tells me too much time on computer games A don t spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending 17 Where s your brother now Bob I saw him in the street a moment ago and I told him A playing don t do so B playing not to do so C play to do so 18 Nancy is really a hardworking student We often see her books in the classroom A read B to read C reads 19 Why did you buy a radio English A Learn B Learning C To learn D Be learning 20 Doctors tell people their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill A to wash B washes C wash D washing 21 Xiao Li said she would rather join us A did not B to not C not D not to 22 Hi Tom Can you tell me when for London Yes tomorrow afternoon A leaving B leaves C to leave D are you leaving 23 I m very tired these days because of studying for physics Why not music It can make you A listen to relaxing B to listen to to relax C listening to relax D listen to relax 24 Is Jack in the library Maybe I saw him out with some books just now A going B go C to go D went 25 She won t let her daughter by the river A play B plays C to play D playing 26 How about in the river with us Sorry I can t My parents often tell me that A swim don t to B swim to do C swimming not do D swimming not to do 27 Please don t forget the room while I am away in Beijing A clean B to clean C cleaned D cleaning 28 Dean what time is the flight to Beijing on Saturday Wait a minute Let me in the schedule 时刻表时刻表 A look at it B look for it C look after it D look it up 29 The doctor did what he could the dying man A save B to save C saved D saving 30 The global financial crisis 金融危机金融危机 has made many people their money A to care for B took care of C be careful with D to be cared about 31 Would you mind my little sister while I am away Of course not A looking for B looking at C looking after D looking forward to 32 May I listen to the music here Mr White Sorry you d better it like