邢台一中高中英语语法讲解—名词性从句

邢台一中高中英语语法讲解 名词性从句 第 1 页 共 5 页 邢台一中高中英语语法讲解 名词性从句 作者 贾朔 编辑 Crazy Urus 日期 2009 年 10 月 31 日 1 从句的分类 形容词性从句 即定语从句 状语从句 分 9 种 从句 主语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 2 说明 名词性从句的功能相当于名词 根据其在句中充当的成份 有不同的叫法 引导名词性从句的词语主要有 a 从属连词 that 无词义 不作句子成分 b 从属连词 if whether 是否 有词义 但不作句子成分 c 从属连词 as if as though 似乎 好像 有词义 但不作句子成分 d 连接代词 who whoever what whatever whom whomever which whichever how much how many 有词义 作成分 e 连接副词 when whenever where wherever why how however how often how soon how far how long 作句子成分 在名词性从句中 要用陈述语序 例 1 I don t know where does he live false I don t know where he lives true 我不知道他住在哪 2 What life in the future will be like is unknown true What will life in the future be is unknown false 不可用 no matter who no matter what 等引导名词性从句 只能引导状语从句 一 主语从句 1 定义 若处在主语的位置上是个句子 那么这个句子就叫做主语从句 2 注意事项 a 在主语从句中 任何引导词都不可以省去 例 That her hair is turning grey worries her b 在主语从句中 不用 if 用 whether 例 Whether he will come or not is not clear true If he will or not is not clear false c 主语从句作主语时 谓语动词用单数 若谓语动词为两个或两个以上时 则用复数 例 1 Where we will have a holiday hasn t been decided 邢台一中高中英语语法讲解 名词性从句 第 2 页 共 5 页 2 Where we ll go picnicing and how we will go aren t clear d 主语从句作主语时 习惯上用 it 作形式主语 而将主语从句后置 但由 what whatever whoever 引导的主语从句 没有这个习惯 例 1 It s very clear that the boy was seriously ill 形式主语 真正的主语 2 It s uncertain whether we ll have a meeting today 3 It hasn t been decided when they will leave for 前往 New York e 以 it 作形式主语 把主语从句后置的常见句型有 It s certain uncertain that 肯定 不确定 It s likely possible probable that 有可能 It s a pity shame that 很可惜 很遗憾 It s no surprise that 毫不奇怪 很正常 It s said reported thought believe that 据说 据报道 大家认为 人们相信 It happens that 碰巧 f 当 that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时 必须用 it 做形式主语 例 1 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture 2 Does it matter much that they won t come g 主语从句的虚拟语气 常见句型如下 It s a pity shame no wonder that 主语 should v It s requested suggested desired that 主语 should v It s necessary strange important that 主语 should v 二 表语从句 1 定义 若处在表语的位置上是个句子 那么这个句子就叫做表语从句 2 注意事项 a 引导表语从句的任何词都不可以省 在口语中 that 偶尔可以省去 例 The truth is that I have never been there b 在表语从句中 不用 if 用 whether c as if as though 可以引导表语从句 例 It looks as if it s going to rain The girl seems as though she has cried d 有争议的 because 有的语法家叫之表语从句 有的则称之为强调句的省略 例 Why was he late It was because his bike was broken e reason 不能和 because 连用 要用 that 代替 例 The reason why he didn t come was that he was ill 三 宾语从句 1 定义 若处在宾语的位置上是个句子 那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句 2 注意事项 引导宾语从句的 that 可以省 但若有两个或以上的 that 引导的宾语从句时 只可以省去第一个 邢台一中高中英语语法讲解 名词性从句 第 3 页 共 5 页 that 其后的不省 例 I find that he is dishonest and that he often tell lies that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时 不可以省去 that 例 That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe if 和 whether 在引导宾语从句时 可以互换 但在下列情况下不可以 a 与 or not 连用时 只用 whether 不用 if b 宾语从句是否定句时 用 if 不用 whether 例 I don t care if it doesn t rain c 用 if 引导的宾语从句 如果会产生歧义 应避免使用 if 而用 whether 例 Please tell me if you intend to go 上例中 if 翻译为 如果 是否 均可 d 介词后的宾语从句 只用 whether 不用 if 例 It depends on whether it is fine tomorrow e 与不定式连用时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 例 I don t know whether to go or not f discuss 后接 whether 引导的宾语从句 不可接 if g 将宾语从句放在句首时 只用 whether 引导 不用 if 例 Whether he ll come to the meeting tomorrow I m not sure 如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语时 则需用 it 作形式主语 而将宾语后置 此时 that 不可省 例 1 We thought it strange that Xiao Ming didn t attend the meeting yesterday 2 We find it necessary that we should ask him for advice 3 He made it clear that anyone who broke the law would be punished 介词后的宾语从句不可以用 which 来引导 用 what 或 whatever 例 1 Are you sorry for what you have done 2 The Emperor was pleased with what the minister had told him about the cloth 3 He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says 在宾语从句中 时态要一致 若主句是现在时态 一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句可根据需要用 在何时态 例 he is having supper now he saw the film yesterday he will go to Shanghai next week I think that he was watching TV at 7 00 last night he often goes to work by bus he has read the magazine before 若主句为过去时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 从句也要用相应的 过去时 但客观真理 科学原理 格言等永远用一般现在时 不受时态要一致的规则限制 例 1 He said he will come to see me next week false 邢台一中高中英语语法讲解 名词性从句 第 4 页 共 5 页 He would he will come to see me next week true He said he has been there false He said he had been there true 他说他曾经在这 2 the earth goes round the sun 地球绕着太阳转 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound 光速比声速快 where there is a will there is a way 有志者 事竟成 由连词 that 引导的宾语从句很少做介词的宾语 只用在 except but 除 以外 不包括在内 besides 除 以外 包括某一范围在内 之后 且此时的 that 不可省 其它一些介词后若出现 that 引导的宾语从句时 要用 it 先行一步 作形式宾语 后放从句 例 1 The girl hasn t changed at all except that she is no longer so talktive adj 健谈的 2 Your composition is well written except that there are a few spelling mistakes 3 You may depend on it that they ll support you 4 We must see to 确保 it that everyone will be pleasant at the meeting 在宾语从句中应注意句型 what is the matter with him true I don t know what s wrong with him true 已是陈述语序 what wrong is with him false what the matter is with him false believe think guess suppose 在含有宾语从句的疑问句中要作 插入语 例 1 Do you know who he is waiting for true 你知道他在等谁吗 Do you think who he is waiting for false Who do you think he is waiting for true 2 What do you suppose he is doing now 3 Where do you believe he has been 你相信他在哪 I m afraid sure sorry certain that clause 也叫宾语从句 例 I m afraid that I have a bad cold 我害怕得重感冒 四 同位语从句 1 定义 若处在同位语的位置上是个句子 那么这个句子就叫做同位语从句 2 注意事项 同位语从句要放在某些名词之后 用来解释或说明这些名词的内容 常见的有 fact news hope promise idea truth suggestion thought order question problem belief doubt fear word n U 消息 possibility 在同位语从句中 不用 if 用 whether 常用来引导同位语从句的连词有 that whether how when where what 为了保持句子平衡 有时同位语从句会和它前面的名词分开 例 An order has come from Berlin that no language but German should be taught in the schools of France 避免头重脚轻 引导同位语从句的任何词都不可省 注意区分定语从句和同位语从句 邢台一中高中英语