金融用语英文

inflation deflation tighter credit monetary policy foreign exchange spot transaction forward transaction option forward transaction swap transaction quote settlment and delivery treasury bond current account pickup in rice federal reserve buying rate selling rate spread contract at par premium discount direct quoation method indirect quoation method dividend domestic currency floating rate credit swap venture capital book value physical capital ipo initial public offering job machine welfare capitalism collective market cap glolbal corporation transnational status transfer price consolidation leverage financial turmoil meltdown file for bankruptcy bailout take over buy out go under take a nosedive tumble falter on the hook shore up confidence stave off liquidate assets at fire sale prices sell off reserve note discount circulate central bank the federal reserve system credit union paper currency credit creation branch banking unit banking out of circulation capital stock at par electronic banking the gold standard the federal reserve board the stock market crash reserve ratio division of labor legal tender fiat money a medium of exchange legal sanction face value liquid assets illiquidl assets the liquidity scale real estate checking accounts demand deposit checkable deposit time deposit negotiable order of withdrawal accounts money market mutual funds repurchase agreements certificate of deposits bond stock travelerschecks small denomination time deposits large denomination time deposits bank overnight repurchase agreements bank long term repurchase agreements thrift institutions financial institution a means of payment a store of value a standard of value deficit roll wholesale default auction collateralize markup dealer broker pension funds face amount bankers acceptance fed fund eurodollar treasury bills floating rate fixed rate default risk credit rating tax collection money market capital market original maturity surplus funds syndication underwrite hedge innovation spread principal swap eurobond market euronote federal reserve bank frb unsecured credit fixed term time deposit lead bank neogotiable time deposit inter bank money market medium term loan syndicated credit merchant bank portfolio management lease financing note issurance facility bearer note underwriting facility floating rate note bond holder london interbank offered rate libor back up credit line promissory note p n p n revolving cerdit revolving letter of credit non interest bearing reserves interest rate controls interest rate ceiling interest rate floor insolvency solvent contract exchange rate private sector fiscal authorities slack fiscal policy tax bill public finance the ministry of finance balanced budget inheritance tax monetariest vat value added tax revenue aggregate demand monetization deficit recession a period when the economy of a country is not successful business conditions are bad industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment turnabout recovery cost push money supply productivity labor force real wages cost push inflation demand pull inflation double digit inflation hyperinflation chronic inflation to fight inflation ultimate goal adverse effect ensure discount sluggish subscribe to checking account instruments of monetry control bad loan chart of cash flow clearly established ownership debt to equity diversity of equities economy of scale emerging economies exchange rate regime fund and financing global financial architecture global integration globality go public growth spurt hedge against housing mortgage holdings initial offerings initial public offerings innovative business intellectual capital inter bank lending internet customer investment payoff period joint stock mall rat means of production the medical cost social pool for major diseases mergers and acquisitions mobile phone banking moods net potato non store seling offering online banking online finance online client paper profit physical assets project fund system pyramid sale recapitalize regional corrency blocks regulate sell off share stock option smart card slash prices spare capacity strong growth switch trade take public tap the idle assets transaction transfer payment from the exchequer venture capital virtual bank wire transfer a b a safety net to prioritize implicit subsidy hidden loss b to license to grant a licence to to take deposits to protect farmersincentive to produce excess reserves consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts sterilization operation localized interest departmentalism tax avoidance currency mismatch disguised irregular or illegal fund raising off balance sheet items operation weaknesses loopholes fixed cost at constant price in real terms real estate problem loans non performing loans c fiscal deficit fiscal pressure on the central bank over monetary policy coordination of fiscal and monetary policies in a phased and sequenced manner operational flexibility to manipulate exchange rate stock pile excessive inventory current period inventory sales output ratio marketability industrial policy treasury bonds open position to speculate in the stock market underwrite securities urban cre