牛津英语被动语态讲解及相关练习

前复习 前复习 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1I see Tom last Friday 2 you go to the Great Wall last summer 3 Where you put your pen I put it in my pencil box but it s nowhere to be found 4 When you start to live in China 5 The train leave already When the train leave 6 Suzhou change a lot in the past years 7 you ever be to Hangzhou 8 I have my sister s letter for two days 9 His parents get married twenty years ago 10 Let s meet at the school gate tomorrow morning 11 With the medicine box under her arm Miss Zhao hurry off to look after the man 12 Jim make many friends since he come to China 13 They know each other for about ten years 14 He already write a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise 15 When she leave Two hours ago 英语中的语态 主动语态和被动语态英语中的语态 主动语态和被动语态 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执 行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 如 They built a new bridge over the river 主动 A new bridge was built over the river by them 被动 Many people speak English 主动 English is spoken by many people 被动 汉语中常用 被 给 由 受 等词用来表示被动 而英语用 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词构成 即 be p p 其中助动词 be 有人称 数和时态的 变化 被动语态的基本用法被动语态的基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是 动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 被动语态由助动词 be 过去分词构成 时态通过动词 be 表现出来 什么时候使用被动语态 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 Some windows were broken last night This book was published 出版 in 2005 注意 第 句 This book came out in 2005 come out 是不及物动词短语 不能 用于被动语态 只强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 Educational CD ROMs are sold in many countries Rice was first grown in China English is learned all over the world 注意 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态 如 appear happen take place 等 主动改为被动语态的例子 主动语态基本结构为主 谓 宾 His brother washes dishes every day Dishes are washed every day by his brother 主 执行者 谓 宾 承受者 其他 Peter will clean the room tomorrow The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter He must look after the little boy The little boy must be looked after by him The students are watching a charity show A charity show is being watched by the students 被动语态 1 一般现在时的被动结构 am is are done 一般现在时的被动结构 Paper make in this factory 2 一般过去时的被动结构 was were done 一般过去时的被动结构 This cup use for drinking nine years ago 3 含情态动词的被动结构 can may must should be done 4 含情态动词的被动结构 The playground can may must clean after school 4 一般将来时的被动结构 be going to will be done 一般将来时的被动结构 结构 A new bridge build over the river here next year 5 现在进行时的被动结构 be being done 现在进行时的被动结构 A teaching building build in our school now 6 现在完成时的被动结构 have has been done Thousands of trees plant on the hills since last year 有关被动语态的几个问题 1 双宾语的被动语态 show pass give sb sth show pass give sth to sb buy get sing sb sth buy get sing sth for sb My uncle gave me a new dictionary yesterday 2 复合宾语的被动语态 make see hear watch sb do sth sb be made seen heard watched to do sth The boss made her work for sixteen hours a day 3 短语动词的被动语态 We should take care of the old people very well 4 特殊疑问句的被动语态 Who broke my cup 四 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态是由 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 1 You must hand in your compositions after class Your compositions must be handed in after class 2 He can write a great many letters with the computer A great many letters can be written with the computer by him 五 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 常用被动语态 这时往往不用 by 短语 Mr White the cup was broken after class 2 突出或强调动作的承受者 如果需要说出动作的执行者 用 by 短语 These records were made by John Denver The cup was broken by Paul 3 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者 也不是动作的承受者时 这时常用 in 名词作 状语 而代替 by 短语 These cars were made in China 六 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 My aunt invited me to her dinner party 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited by my aunt to her dinner party 主语 谓语 宾语 2 The school set up a special class to help poor readers A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school 1 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 2 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be 过去分词 时态要与原句保持一致 3 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语 放在被动语态里谓语动词之后 by 短语可以省 略 如果原句主语是地点名词 在被动语态中用 in 地点名词作状语 七 语态转换时所注意的问题 1 把主动语态变为被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致 其谓语动词的 数要与新主语保持一致 We have bought a new computer A new computer has been bought 正确 A new computer have been bought 错误 2 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时 可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个不动 一 般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday I was given a present on my birthday 如果把直接宾语 指物 改为主语 则在间接宾语 指人 前加适当的介词 如上句还可以 说 A present was given to me yesterday 注意 1 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词 to 如 bring give hand lend offer pass pay promise sell show take teach tell 等 1 The book was showed to the class 2 My bike was lent to her 2 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词 for 如 build buy cook cut choose do fetch find fix get keep make order paint play sing 等 1 A new skirt was made for me 2 The meat was cooked for us 3 Some country music was played for us 3 由动词 介词或副词构成的短语动词 要把它们作为整体看 即把它们看成一个及物动 词 介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉 这类动词有 不及物动词 介词 如 agree to ask for laugh at operated on listen to look after think of talk about 等 The patient is being operated on The problem is solved It needn t be talked about 及物动词 副词 如 bring about carry out find out give up hand in make out pass on point out put away put off think over turn down work out turn out 等 His request was turned down The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather 4 带复合宾语 宾语 宾补 的动词改为被动语态时 一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语 而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面 如 1 We always keep the classroom clean The classroom is always kept clean 注意 在 see watch hear notice listen to look at make feel 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不 定式都不带 to 但改成被动语态后都带 to 这时不定式为主语补足语 也就是说不定式作 主语补足语不存在省略 to 的问题 We often hear him play the guitar He is often heard to play the guitar 5 当主动句的主语是 nobody no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时 被动句中将其变为 anybody 作 by 的宾语 并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态 如 Nobody can answer this question 误 The question can be answered by nobody 正 The question can not be answered by anybody 6 当否定句中的宾语是 anything anybody anyone 等不定代词时 在被动句中应将其分别 变为 nothing nobody no one 作主语 并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态 如 They haven t done anything to make the river clean 误 Anything hasn t been done to make the river clean 正 Nothing has been done to make the river clean 7 以 who 为主语开头的疑问句 变被动时 用 by whom 放在句首 Who wrote the story 误 Who was the story written 正 By whom was the story written 8 有些动词既是及物又是不及物 当它们和 well badly easily 等副词连用时 表示主语内 在品质或性能 是不及物动词 用主动表示被动 这时不用被动语态 常见的有 write read clean sell wash cook 等 如 1 The cloth washes easily 这布很好洗 2 The new product sells well 这新产品很畅销 对比 The books sell well 主动句 The books were sold out 被动句 The meat didn t cook well 主动句 The meat was cooked for a long time 被动句 9 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句 第一 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义 如 feel look seem taste sound remain 等 1 Do you like the material Yes it feels very soft 误 It is felt very soft 2 The food tastes delicious 误 The food is tasted delicious 3 The pop music sounds beautiful 误 The pop music is sounded beautiful 第二 谓语是及物动词 leave enter reach suit have benefit lack own 等 如 He entered the room and got his book 误 The room was entered and his book was got She had her hand burned 误 Her hand was had burned 第三 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态 如 take place break out belong to lose heart consist of add up to 等 如 The fire broke out in the capital building 误 The fire was broke out in the capital building 第四 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 rise happen succeed remain lie 等 When we got to the top of the mountain the sun had already risen 误 The sun had already been risen After the earthquake few houses remained 误 After the earthquake few houses were remained 第五 宾语是反身代词 相互代词 同源宾语 不定式 v ing 形式及抽象名词等 不能变 为被动句子的主语 如 I taught myself English 误 Myself was taught English We love each other 误 Each other is loved 10 在汉语中 有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 例如 据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow 2 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp 练习 1 English in Canada A speaks B are spoken C is speaking D is spoken 2 This English song by the girls after class A often sings B often sang C is often sang D is often sung 3 This kind of car in Japan A makes B made C is making D is made 4 New computers all over the world A is used B are using C are used D have used 5 Our room must clean A keep B be kept C to be kept D to keep 6 A new house at the corner of the road A is building B is being built C been built D be building 7 Doctors in every part of the world A need B are needing C are needed D will need 8 Japanese in every country A is not spoken B are spoken C is speaking D is not speaking 9 These papers yet A have not written B have not been written C has not written D has not been written 10 The sports meeting be held until next week A didn t B won t C isn t D doesn t 11 the watch been repaired yet I badly need it A DoesB Has C Is D Are 12 these desks be needed A Will B Are C Has D Do 13 Why to talk about it yesterday A didn t a meeting hold B wasn t a meeting held C wasn t held a meeting D a meeting wasn t held 14 Who was the book A write B wrote C written D written by 15 Where these boxes made A was B were C is D Am 二 典型例题二 典型例题 1 The Olympic Games every four years A are held B were held C are holding D will ho1d 2 In the art show a lot of enjoyment to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given 3 Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular It in many schools around the world A teaches B is teaching C has taught D is taught 4 Ba Jin one of the greatest writers in China as People s Writer A is regarded B has regarded C is regarding D regards 5 Usually computers to search the Internet A use B are using C are used D used 6 Do you often clean your classroom Yes Our classroom every day A clean B cleans C is cleaned 7 一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible 一 Yes In fact it That s all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C