模三3单元宾补导学案

M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage 宾语补足语宾语补足语 一 英语的五种基本句型结构 S 十 V 主谓结构 He runs quickly 他跑得快 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 The story sounds interesting 这个故事听起来有趣 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last year 他们去年建了一所房子 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat his seat to me 他把座位让给 我 S 十十 V 十十 O 十十 C 主谓宾宾补结构主谓宾宾补结构 They found her happy that day 他们发现那天她很高兴 I found him out 我发现他出去了 They named the boy Charlie 他们给这个男孩起名为查理 I saw him come in and go out 我见他进来又出去 They felt the car moving fast 他们感到汽车行驶得很快 He found the door of study closed to him 他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了 说明 S 主语 V 谓语 P 表语 O 宾语 O1 间接宾语 O2 直接宾语 C 宾语补足 语 二 宾语补足语 1 定义 The object complement gives more information about the object 顾名思义 宾补是 补充说明宾语 使句子意义完整的句子成分 2 使用场合 Verb object object complement 3 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有 1 名词 We made him our monitor They thought this good advice They named their daughter Jenny 注 充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔 职位时 前面一般不用冠词 They elected John chairman of the committee 2 形容词 You should keep your room clean and tidy We d better leave the door open We found the ruins most interesting 3 介词短语 He left his bag in the office We found ourselves in the middle of a desert 4 副词 He opened the window to let the fresh air in I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday 5 现在分词 I m sorry to have you waiting for so long I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in 6 过去分词 When he wake up he found himself tied to a tree He raised his voice to make himself heard I had my watch repaired yesterday 7 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式 My mother allowed me to play games for a while Can you make your car park over there 注 1 使用不定式作宾语补足语时 五看 see watch notice observe look at 三使 make let have 两听 listen to hear 一感觉 feel 后接省略 to 的不定式 2 help 一词后的不定式 可带 to 也可以不带 to 4 在复合宾语中 宾语通常为名词或代词 但有时也可以用不定式 短语 动名词 短 语 或 that 从句来充当 一般情况下 宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后 值得注意的是 think find consider feel make take 等动词应使用先行 it 代替宾语 it 后面应接宾补 而将真正的 宾语移到句子的后部 I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings I think it very important to attend this meeting We all thought it a pity that you couldn t join us 注意 在这种结构中 宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词 常用于这种结构的动词有 feel find think make take judge consider 等 小结小结 1 宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分 通常置于宾语之后 宾语 宾语补足语 复合宾语 2 可以用作宾补的有名词 形容词 副词 介词短语 动词不定式 现在分词和过去 分词 3 能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词 4 主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语 相应的宾补就成为主补 常跟宾语补足语的动词常跟宾语补足语的动词 第一类 感官动词 所接的宾补可以是不带 to 的动词不定式 也可以是现在分词或过去分 词 feel hear listen to notice observe see watch look at I saw him cross crossing the road He was seen the road 但句子变为被动语态时 不定式的 to 要还原 第二类 使役动词 所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词 如 let have get make would like want 等 This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment If you are back will you please make yourself known to me The machine doesn t work I must have it repaired right now 第三类 含命名意义的动词 所接的宾补一般是名词 如 call name appoint elect make consider 等 Call me Joe please She was elected president of the company 第四类 v sb to do sth 结构中的动词 所接的宾补一般是不定式 这类动词有 advise allow ask beg cause expect force get help inspire invite order permit persuade remind request require teach tell train urge want warn wish report 等 第五类 find keep leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活 后面所接的宾补可以是形容词 副词 现在分词 过去分词等 We found it very difficult to solve the problem How can you keep them waiting for so long Keep the door closed Exercises 一 单句改错 1 We all elected Jason the monitor 2 The teacher asked us not make so much noise 3 What a nice fire you have in your fireplace During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable 4 Don t leave the water run while you brush your teeth 5 He pushed the door opening 6 She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger 7 With a lot of difficult problems settle the newly elected president is having a hard time 8 When I came in I found a boy hide behind the door 9 It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished 10 He was heard sing last night 二 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 In the end we found the girl lock in a dark room 2 Just at that time I saw an old woman cross the narrow street 3 Don t let your son play computer games like this any more 4 I ve never heard the word use in spoken English 5 I think you can t force your son go to see her 三 单项填空 1 Tell him the window A A to shut not B not to shut C to not shut D not shut 2 There s a hole in your bag I know I m going to have it A A mend B mending C mended D to be mended 3 Though he had often made his little sister today he was made by his little sister A A cry to cry B crying crying C cry cry D to cry cry 4 They would not allow him across the enemy line A A to risk going B risking to go C for risk to go D risk going 5 I found the door when I got home A A opened B close C unlocking D open 6 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him A A not to B not to do C not do D do not to 7 I couldn t do my homework with all that noise A A going on B goes on C went on D to go on 8 With a lot of difficult problems the newly elected president is having a hard time A A settled B settling C to settle D being settled 9 I advised at once A A him to starting B him to start C to starting D to start 10 When I put my hand on his chest I could feel his heart still A A beat B to be beating C beating D was beating 11 You had better get a doctor your bad tooth A A pull out B to pull out C pulled out D pulling out 12 He managed to make himself with his English A understand breaking B understand broken C understood breaking D understood broken 13 The doctor asked him not to leave his wound A expose B exposed C to expose D exposing 14 Don t you think it to learn this kind of skill at present A difficulty B difficult C difficultly D the different 15 My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skill A for me taking B me t