英语词义辨析

1 词义词义辨析辨析 一 一 名词名词 1 house home family 区别特例 house房子 住宅a new house home家 家乡go leave home family家人 家庭family and friends a All his enjoy traveling by train b I really felt at while staying with you in the holiday c The Browns bought a 4 bedroom in downtown last month d The Browns are very worried because their only daughter has left without saying anything to them and they can t find her anywhere 2 sound voice noise 区别特例 sound声音 声响 声the sound of music voice嗓音 说话声speak in a loud voice noise噪音 吵闹声make so much noise a The of the cars outside woke me up early this morning b The best woman singer of the year has got a sweet No wonder she is so popular c We know light travels much faster than d The students are always asked not to make much in class 3 road street way 区别特例 road路 公路 a busy main road street街道 大街10 Downing Street way路线 方式on one s way home a Excuse me could you tell me the to the nearest museum Certainly Go down this and turn left at the second traffic light it is right on your right hand side b Michael is driving his new sports car fast on a country c There are more and more modern buildings on both sides of this 二 二 代词代词 1 few a few little a little 区别特例 few fewer fewest 很少 否定否定 修饰可数名词 few people 很少人 few mistakes 很少错误 a few一些 几个 肯定肯定 修饰可数名词 a few people 几个人 a few mistakes 几处错误 little less least 很少 几乎没有 否定否定 修饰不可数名词 little money 很少钱 little time 很少时间 a little一些 少量 肯定肯定 修饰不可数名词 a little money 一些钱 a little time 一些时间 2 a Her daughter feels rather lonely in this new university because she has friends there b The actor has played many different roles these years but only are remembered by people c Mrs Jones has to go to the supermarket since there is food left in the fridge d Would you like some apple juice dear Yes mum but just e Jim has made and mistakes in his exams since he became more and more careful f Can you tell me which glass has the water Jess 2 many much a lot of lots of plenty of a great deal of a large number of 区别特例 many more most 许多 修饰可数名词 too many people much more most 许多 大量 修饰不可数名词 too much homework a lot of lots of许多 大量 修饰可数 不可数名词 lots of Christmas presents plenty of大量 充足 修饰可数 不可数名词 plenty of rain vegetables a great deal of许多 大量 修饰不可数名词 a great deal of time a large number of许多 大量 修饰可数名词 a large number of fans 注 many much 多用于否定句和疑问句 a lot of lots of 多用于陈述句 a There is rain this summer The crops grow well b Young ladies usually spend money on fashionable clothes c Do you have housework to do this weekend May Yes I have to do cleaning and washing d He made so mistakes that he didn t pass the final exam e You ought not to spend so time playing computer games if you want to make your dream come true f foreign visitors have just arrived at our new school And the number of them is around 20 3 another the other others the others 区别特例 another 另一 接可数名词单数 泛指 又 再 接名词短语 another foreigner another six minutes the other另一 接可数名词单数 特指 其他 接可数名词复数 特指 the other foreigner the other foreigners others其他 不可接名词 泛指 some others others other people the others其他 不可接名词 特指 one the others 3 a Would you like glass of orange juice Jenny No thanks b Mr Li has two daughters One is a nurse is a secretary c We could see tens of children in the big garden when we got there Some were playing badminton were playing hide and seek d All the students were there when the principal stepped into the room One was standing beside the window while were sitting e The German girl walked for a whole week in the American jungle after the terrible accident She had to walk for four days to reach the nearest village 4 both all neither none either each every 都都不之一每个 两两者bothneithereither eacheach 三三者或以上allnoneeachevery a Google was created by two talented American men called Larry Page and Sergey Brin of them are good at computer skills b the old people are well taken care of in our country aren t they c Although the old woman has two sons of them wants to take care of her What a heartless thing they ve done d Mrs Black has already tried on several pairs of shoes but fits her well How disappointed she is e Guangzhou has become a modern large city You can see lots of tall buildings on side of its main roads especially in Tianhe District f child will be given a special present if they win in the competition next Saturday I think of them is looking forward to it g of the twins are interested in listening to classical music but of them likes doing exercise 三 三 介词介词 1 between among 区别特例 between在 两两者 之间between Tom and Tim among在 三三者或以上 中among the people a Where is Joey She is sitting Ann and Jean b It is said that the temperature today is 20 and 28 c His beautiful villa is those trees The air there is so fresh d Jill found his favourite magazine the pile of old things 2 as like 区别特例 like 像prep 用于名词 代词前like me as 照方式 作为 conj 用于从句从句 前 prep 用于名词 代词前 as I do as a scientist a The lovely baby looks her mother 意思 范围 4 b Diana is wearing a long white wedding dress her twin sister s How beautiful they are c a inventor Edison had lots of useful inventions d a secretary Linda must do her manager asks 3 besides except except for 区别特例 besides 除 之外 还 通常表示 包括 如同 with many other hobbies besides collecting stamps except 除 之外通常表示 不包括 如同 without every day except Sunday except for 除 之外与 except 大致相同 常用于 范围不同的情况 nothing except for a boy a His cousin likes many other sports water skiing Water skiing is also one of his favourite sports b His cousin likes all sports water skiing His cousin doesn t like water skiing c All the guests arrived at the party on time Oscar Oscar didn t arrive at the party on time d The police found nothing in the kitchen a dead body 4 with in by use 区别特例 use动词 use a knife chopsticks use German as a second language with介词 接工具工具with knives and forks with a stick in介词 接方式方式in another way in English in a low loud voice by介词 接方式方式 接动作动作 by e mail letter by doing sth a Canadians English and French as their official languages b At dinner the Chinese people usually chopsticks while people in western countries knives and forks c You may cut the orange this knife but you must be careful since it is very sharp d The professor spoke a loud voice so that everyone in the hall could hear him clearly e Could you answer my question English Robin Sorry Miss Li I can t follow you I asked if you could English to answer my question f You may turn on the computer pressing the button g You may send your works to me either letter or e mail But you must do it before August 6 h The waiter killed the fly hitting it The waiter killed the fly a newspaper 5 The waiter a newspaper to kill the fly 5 cross across through past pass 区别特例 cross动词 横过 穿越 cross the street cross the country by train across介词 横过 在 对面 walk across the road a bank across the street through介词 穿过 透过 walk through the forest look through the window past介词 从 过 副词 过去 walk past us go past pass动词 通过 传递 pass the exam pass sb sth a You mustn t the street when the traffic light is red You mustn t walk the street when the traffic light is red b We know River Thames flows London to North Sea c Jimmy walked us hurriedly without saying anything d Several months has since he joined the army e Has your mother the driving test yet Peter Not yet I think she still needs more practice f Excuse me could you tell me what time it is now please Yes it is half nine g Is the Central Post Office far from here sir No Walk the bridge on your right it is just on your left 四 四 连词连词 1 because since as for because 因为构成句子的最主要部分 语气最强 常放于句末 since 既然 as 由于 如果原因已为人所知 就用 as since since 比 as 更正式一 点 它们引导的从句一般放在句首 for 因为它引导的从句只是对所说理由的一种补充 不能放在句首 注 because of 是一个介词介词短语 后面只能接名词 名词短语 不能接从句不能接从句 a You want to know why I m studying so hard I m studying so hard I want to go to Oxford University b you were out I left a message so that you could call me back c Joy didn t like the sandwich I had to order a hamburger for her d I decided to stop and have a short rest I was feeling so tired e All the flights in Baiyun Airport were cancelled last night the terrible storm 2 when while as when as如果表示两个短动作或事件同时发生 一般用 when as while如果谈论两个同时进行的长动作 一般用 while 注 如果表示某事正在进行的时候 又发生了某事 三者没多大差别 a I was walking down the street I found a red sports car parking in front 6 of the China Hotel b Lucy was listening to her favourite pop music Lily was reading Harry Porter c All the students rushed into the classrooms the bell rang 五 形容词五 形容词 副词副词 1 goodgood wellwell finefine nicenice 区别特例 good better best 好的 令人愉快的 精通的 有益的 a good job book have a good time be good at for well better best 好 身体好的 Well done feel well fine finer finest 晴朗的 健康的 a fine day Fine thanks nice nicer nicest 宜人的 好心的 a nice day a nice man a Did you all have a time during the summer holidays b Vegetables and fruits are both for our health c What s wrong with you little boy Well I don t feel d It s a great idea to go for a picnic on such a day e What a neighbour Mrs Jones is f The American scientist speaks Chinese The American scientist speaks Chinese 2 2 bigbig largelarge greatgreat 区别特例 big 大的 高大的 重大的 严重的 a big house man a big decision mistake large 大的 大量的 a large house family a large population great 极大的 伟大的 a great success surprise a great leader inventor 一些固定搭配 have a big mouth a large number of a great deal of a Napoleon was not a man but he was a man b IBM is the computer company in the world isn t it c Langlang has become one of the pianists All the Chinese are proud of him d We re going to have a supper after the final exam 3 3 talltall highhigh 区别特例 tall short 高的 一般指人 树 建筑物人 树 建筑物等的高 度 a tall boy tree chimney building high low 高的 常用来表示离地面的距离 在高处 高 adv adv a high mountain jump high a Yao Ming is not only the but also the best 7 basketball player in China b Everest is the mountain in the world isn t it c John was too tired to jump any after the 1500 metre race in yesterday s sports meet d The world s temperature is getting and as a result of the global warming Something must be done 4 longlong farfar howhow longlong howhow farfar 区别特例 long sh ort 长的 用来指长度 长久的 用来表时间 a long river bridge a long time holiday far near 远 用来表距离 深远 用来表程度 far away from do further study how long 多长 用来指长度 多久 用来表时间 How long is the river How long have you lived here how far 多远 用来表距离 How far is it from here a The travelers were hungry and thirsty after a journey b As summer comes the days are getting and c The restaurant is not from here it s only about five minutes walk you needn t take a taxi d Could you tell me the London Bridge is e She wondered the boy had been away from home f is it from the airport to downtown 5 fastfast quickquick quicklyquickly 区别特例 fast 迅速的 常用于描述高速运动 的人或事物 迅速 adv adv a fast horse runner drive fast quick quickly 短暂的 常用于描述迅速或 立即完成的事情 迅速地 adv adv a quick breakfast look finish the work quickly a Cindy hurried to school after a breakfast because she got up too late this morning b Professor Smith asked us to finish the project as as possible since there was little time left c The train from Shenzhen to Hong Kong is the one in China now It takes only twenty minutes d You d better not drive your car too It is so dangerous 6 alonealone lonelylonely 区别特例 alone 独自 仅 单 用于名词或代词后加 强语气 live alone the food alone is lonely 寂寞的 偏僻的 feel lonely a lonely village 8 a It is dangerous for girls to go out at night b Mrs Su brought up her children after her husband died several years ago What a great mother c The poor old man lives and he often feels d On a evening May spent hours watching TV at home e Jenny spent too much money on clothes last Saturday The pink dress cost her 220 pounds 7 loudloud loudlyloudly aloudaloud 区别特例 loud adj 大声的 响亮的 adv 大声地 响亮地 in a loud voice speak louder loudly adv 大声地 响亮地 talk loudly aloud adv 出声地 通常与read read thinkthink连用 read aloud 朗读 think aloud 边想边说 a All the guests looked out of the window as they heard a noise outside b Could you speak a little more please I didn t hear you clearly enough just now c If you want to improve your spoken English you ought to practice reading every day 8 almostalmost nearlynearly hardlyhardly 区别特例 nearly 几乎 常与数字连用 但不能与 never nobody nothing no none 连用 nearly 20 not nearly 决不是 almost 几乎 可与 any anything anybody never nobody nothing 等连用 almost anything almost never almost nobody hardly 几乎不不 意思与前两者完全不同 hardly ever hardly anybody a There were 2000 people on this golden beach b The farmers were too frightened to know what to do because they knew what locusts could do they eat anything c There was not enough time for him to finish the project on time even though he had tried his best d The foreigner could speak French could he e There is anything left in the fridge is there f The boy says nothing in class since he is too shy 9 tootoo asas wellwell alsoalso eithereither 区别 too as well 一般用于肯定句的句末 also 一般用于肯定句 放在主动词之前或 be 之后 either 一般用于否定句的句末 not either a Tim has been to Germany twice Jim has been there b Joey sings well she plays the piano well 9 c The librarian is very nice she is helpful d Mrs Lin had a busy afternoon She watered all the plants in the garden she did a lot of cleaning e Although her son is three years old he isn t able to speak What is worse he can t walk f Ben didn t eat up the food on the table Ken didn t 1010 howhow longlong howhow soonsoon howhow oftenoften howhow manymany timestimes 区别特例 how long 多久 for ten weeks since two years ago how soon 多快 in twenty minutes in a short while how often 多常 once twice a month four times a year how many times 多少次 once twice six times a have you learned this foreign language Les Since I went to Yale University b does your sister go to the cinema Almost every day c is the train leaving for Paris sir In half an hour d have you ever been to Australia Bob At least ten times I often go there on business 11 11 agoago beforebefore 区别特例 ago 以前 adv 仅与过去时连用 a long time ago ten years ago before 在之前 prep 在以前 conj 已经 adv 用于完成时 the day before yesterday before breakfast long before a The naughty boy left school half a year His parents made him go back to school last month b Bill Gates started Microsoft about thirteen years c Have you ever written letters to your father Never I usually talk about my problems with my father face to face I think it is the best way d Valentine s Day had been a holiday people started giving red paper hearts to show their love 12 12 alreadyalready yetyet 区别共同点 already 用于肯定句 yet 用于否定句 疑问句 一般与现在完成时连用 a Have you finished reading the magazine 10 Not But I will finish it as soon as possible b Where is your manager Jessica I can t find him anywhere Oh he has left for Japan on business c Jack has won the drawing competition held in France Really He hasn t heard the good news Let s tell him at once He must be excited at it 1313 funfun funnyfunny interestinginteresting interestedinterested 区别特例 fun 乐趣 快乐 n 有趣的 好玩的 adj have fun look fun funny 滑稽的 adj 奇怪的 adj a funny story a funny thing interesting 有趣的 adj an interesting story interested 对 感兴趣的 adj be interested in a Sally said that they had a lot of at Ben s party b Most of the kids are very in playing games c That is the thing I have heard I have never heard such a thing before d What an book Harry Potter is 14 suchsuch soso whatwhat howhow 区别特例 such 用在名词前 such an interesting film such useful information such colourful flags so 用在形容词 副词前 so interesting a film so many people so much money what 修饰名词 What a tall man What nice weather how 修饰形容词 副词 How delicious How beautifully she sings a I have never heard a funny story before I have never heard funny a story before b a delicious orange delicious the orange is c a good swimmer Michael Phelps is Yes He swims fast that nobody can beat him d Mrs Johnson made a good meal that we all ate too much e The exercise is difficult that nobody can work it out It is a difficult that nobody can work it out 六 动词六 动词 1 1 bringbring taketake carrycarry getget fetchfetch 11 区别特例 bring 带来 bring sth with sb take 拿走 取走 take sth yo somewhere carry 搬 提 运送 携带 carry lots of stones carry guns money get 去取来 go and get sth fetch 去拿来 去请来 fetch sth for sb fetch a doctor a Don t forget to your camera here tomorrow Jim No I won t We are going to take lots of photos at the musem b The man on business forgot to his suitcase when he got off the train c Do you know the lady over there Lily Which one The one who is a baby in her arm d Could you go and a drink for me Betty I m really thirsty e The villagers are short of water What a hard life They have to walk several miles to water 2 2 saysay speakspeak telltell talktalk 区别特例 say 说 讲 say it in English have sth to say say to oneself speak 会说 发言 谈话 speak English speak at a meeting May I speak to tell 告诉 讲述 命令 tell sb sth tell the truth tell a lie tell sb not to do sth talk 讲话 讨论 说话 Stop talking talk about sth talk to with sb a Sorry but I can t hear what you said just now Could you it again more slowly please a The monitor asked the classmates to stop because he had something important to them b The famous geography professor was invited to at the meeting He was asked to about the water pollution c When Jone meets any problem she would like to with her parents to get advice d As a child Mark was not to any lies Now he is a man to believe in because he always the truth 12 3 3 costcost paypay spendspend taketake 区别特例 cost 费用 价钱 代价 损失 花费 the high low cost the terrible cost of the war Sth cost sb pay 工资 薪水 付费 a pay rise Sb pay for sth pay in cash spend 花钱 度过 花时间 Sb spend on sth spend the weekend Sb spend in doing sth take 需要 时间 费时 It takes sb to do sth a The new swimsuit Nancy thirty dollars Nancy thirty dollars on the new swimsuit Nancy thirty dollars for the new swimsuit b The workers 3 years in building the Oingzang Railway It the workers 3 years to build the Oingzang Railway c How are you going to the coming summer holidays Ron I m going to the Disney Land with my cousin in August d It only thirty minutes to drive to the new airport now e President Bush said that the USA will win the war in Iraq at all 4 4 looklook seesee watchwatch 区别特例 look 看一看 寻找 看起来 显得 linklink v v 看来好象 linklink v v look at sth look for sth look tired sad look like see 看见 观看 拜访 明白 see sb do doing