2011年高考英语真题解析分项版汇编 专题10社会生活、文化教育类阅读理解

用心 爱心 专心 1 20112011 年高考英语试题考点分项解析年高考英语试题考点分项解析 阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类 2011 重庆卷 重庆卷 E Skeptics are stange lot Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment and they are tired of people who disagree with them Those people say skeptics spread noting but bad news about the environment The eco guilt brought on by the discouraging nes about our planet gives rise to the popularity od skeptice as people search for more comforting worldviews Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity That book The Skeptical Environmentalist declares that it measures the real state of the world as fine Of course another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special intererts Indeed Mr Lomborg s views are similar to those of some Industry funded organizations which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public aboat issues like global warming So it was strange to see Mr Lomborg s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise even with the conclusion that After Lomborg the environmental movement will begin to die down Such one sided views should have immediately been challenged But only a different review appeared in Nature a respected science magazine with specific readership The review remarked that Mr Lomborg s preference for unexamined materials is incredible 不可信的 A critical 批判的 eye is valuable and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions Unfortunately that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest People might become half blind before a world partially exhibited by the media That s a shame because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly 72 According to the passage which of the following may be regarded as skeptics A People who agree on the popularity of eco guilt B People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet 用心 爱心 专心 2 C People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities D People who spread comforting news to protect our environment 73 Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg s books A Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests B The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld C The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews D Industry funded media present confusing information 74 The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to A voice a different opinion B find fault with Lomborg s book C challenge the authority of the media D point out the value of scientific views 75 What is the author s main purpose in writing the passenger A To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye B To warn the public of the danger of half blindness with reviews C To blame the media s lack of responsibility in information D To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media 文章大意 怀疑论者对许多问题的质疑让人瞠目结舌 受各种因素的制约 大众对许 多问题只是一知半解 如同雾里看花 因此 媒体有责任全面地报道事实的真相 让众 人看得明明白白 真真切切 72 B 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句 Those people say skeptics spread noting but bad news about the environment 的内容可推断 怀疑论者 不相信我们的星球所处的形势非常严峻 73 A 细节理解题 根据第二段的内容可知他的书受欢迎的原因之一是一些大企业试图维 护自己的特殊利益 另外 最后一段中间部分的 to defend some special interests 也 是线索提示 74 A 作者意图题 上文叙述的是 Lomborg 的书受到高度评价 前无古人 后无来者 如 此偏见却仅有一条反面评论 而且作者只是客观地叙述了这种现象 由此可推断作者意 在发表一种不同的评论 75 D 主旨大意题 文章从怀疑论者的质疑引出了本文的话题 接着剖析了本书无比流行 用心 爱心 专心 3 的深层原因 最后一段作者则发表了自己的见解 由此可知作者的主要目的是呼吁媒体 全面地呈现信息 2011 安徽卷 C They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives If one falls the other is there to catch him They are Wellman whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock climbing accident and Corbett an experienced rock climber Together they climbed up Half Dome the famous 2 000 foot rock in the Yosemite National Park through one of the most difficult routes 路线 During the climb Corbett took the lead hit in the metal spikes 尖状物 that guided the ropes and climbed up Then after Wellman pulled himself up the rope Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again This process was repeated time and again inch by inch for 13 days Wellman s job was not easy either He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone In all Wellman figured that he had done 5 000 pull ups up the rope on the climb However when the two men first met they never talked about climbing He knew that was how I got injured Wellman said Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth At one point pieces of rock gave way and Corbett dropped down quickly Wellman locked their rope in place stopping the fall at 20 feet His quick action probably saved his friend s life Your partner can save your life you can save your partner s life Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends There are real close ties 64 Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome A To climb up to remove the spikes B To climb it twice C To do 5 000 pull ups up the rope D To lock the rope in place 65 Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met A Corbett was poorly trained B Wellman had lost interest in climbing C Corbett didn t want to hurt Wellman 用心 爱心 专心 4 D Wellman hadn t decided whether to climb again 66 What do we know about Wellman A He climbed Half Dome by himself B He was disabled in a traffic accident C He stopped rock climbing for some time D He was saved by Corbett during the climb 67 The main idea of the text is that A two heads are better than one B friendship is precious in life C the disabled should never give up D a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated 文章大意 一对生死与共的朋友 一份感天动地的友情 谱写了一首动人的友谊之歌 64 B 推理判断题 结合第三段对他们如何攀登的描述可推断 Corbett 攀登过程中的挑战 是需要攀爬两次 65 C 细节理解题 根据第五段引号中的内容可推断他们第一次见面时不谈关于攀岩的话 题是因为 Corbett 不想伤害 Wellman 66 C 推理判断题 根据第五段最后一句中的内容可推断 Wellman 有一段时间停止了攀岩 67 B 主旨大意题 文章第一段开门见山地点明了话题中心 最后一段又重申主题 所以 本文是在讴歌人生中的珍贵友谊 2011 山东卷 C Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21 year old twin sons a combination of savings income scholarships and a modest amount of borrowing Then her husband lost his job and the plan fell apart I have two kids in college and I want to say come home but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education says Jacobs The Jacobs family did work out a solution They asked and received more aid form the schools and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan 贷款 program They will each graduate with 20 000 of debt but at least they will be able to 用心 爱心 专心 5 finish school With unemployment rising financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs More students are applying for aid and more families expect to need student loans College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around At the same time tuition 学费 continues to rise A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439 from 1982 to 2007 while average family income rose just 147 Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade If we go on this way for another 25years we won t have an affordable system of higher education says Patrick M Callan president of the center The middle class families have been financing it through debt They will send kids to college whatever it takes even if that means a huge amount of debt Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them The good news however is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted 66 According to Paragraph 1 why did the plan of Jacobs family fail A The twins wasted too much money B The father was out of work C Their saving ran out D The family fell apart 67 How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem A They asked their kids to come home B They borrowed 20 000 from the school C They encouraged their twin sons to do part time jobs D They got help from the school and the federal government 68 Financial aid administrators believe that A more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B the government will receive more letters of complaint C college tuition fees will double soon 用心 爱心 专心 6 D America s unemployment will fall 69 What can we learn about the middle class families from the text A They blamed the government for the tuition increase B Their income remained steady in the last decade C They will try their best to send kids to college D Their debts will be paid off within 25 years 70 According to the last paragraph the government will A provide most students will scholarships B dismiss some financial aid administrators C stop the companies from making student loans D go on providing financial support for college students 文章大意 随着失业的增加 很多家庭已经无力供孩子上大学 由于无利可图 很多 商业银行也终止了相关的贷款 不过政府的资金资助项目仍在进行 这无疑对那些资金 紧张而又想让孩子上大学的中产阶级家庭提供了有力的支持 66 B 解析 考查细节理解 该段的最后一句话告诉我们他们计划失败的原因 Then her husband lost his job 也就是 B 项所说的 The father was out of work 67 D 解析 考查细节理解 根据第三段中的 The Jacobs family did work out a solution They asked and received more aid from the schools and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan 贷款 program 可知选 D 项 68 A 解析 考查细节理解 由第四段的第一句话可知 随着失业的增加 资金援助管理人 员认为 很多家庭都有 Jacobs 家那样的情况 由此可知答案为 A 项 69 C 解析 考查细节理解 由倒数第二段中的最后两句 They will send kids to college whatever it takes even if that means a huge amount of debt 无论需要什么他们都会送孩子 去上大学 即使那意味着大笔的债务 可知 中产阶级不惜任何代价送他们的孩子上大 学 由此可知 C 项正确 70 D 用心 爱心 专心 7 解析 考查细节理解 根据最后一段的最后一句话可知 政府将继续向大学生提供资 金援助 go on providing financial support for college students 2011 江西卷 江西卷 C The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard 1850 1928 After immigrating form England to the USA and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer he moved to Chicago where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871 In those days it was nicknamed the Garden City almost certainly the source of Howard s name for his later building plan of towns Returning to London Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s drawing on ideas that were popular at the time but creating a unique combination of designs The nineteenth century poor city was in many ways a terrible place dirty and crowded but it offered economic and social opportunities At the same time the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive though it promised fresh air and nature it suffered from agricultural depression 萧条 and it offered neither enough work and wages nor much social life Howard s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement the garden city Howard s idea was that a group of people should set up a company borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price Garden cities would provide a central public open space radial avenues and connecting industries They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt also owned by the company containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions As more and more people moved in the garden city would reach its planned limit Howard suggested 32 000 people then another would be started a short distance away Thus over time there would develop a vast planned house collection extending almost without limit within it each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city 66 How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities A Through his observation of the country life B Through the combination of different ideas 用心 爱心 专心 8 C By taking other people s advice D By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago 67 The underlined phrase drawing on in Paragraph 1 probably means A making use of B making comments on C giving an explanation of D giving a description of 68 According to Howard garden cities should be built A as far as possible from existing cities B in the countryside where the land was cheap C in the countryside where agriculture was developed D near cities where employment opportunities already existed 69 What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph A Their number would continue to rise B Each one would continue to become larger C People would live and work in the same place D Each one would contain a certain type of business 70 What could be the best title for the passage A City and Countryside B The Invention of the Garden City C A New City in ChicagoD A Famous Garden City in England 文章大意 本文介绍了 Ebenezer Howard 设计的英国花园城市 66 D 细节理解题 根据第一段的第二 三两句可知 他的花园城市得名于重建后的芝加 哥的绰号 67 A 词义猜测题 联系上下文可知该句大意是 他 利用 当时很受欢迎的一些想法 做出了自己的设计方案 故 drawing on 有 making use of 之意 68 B 推理判断题 根据第二段最后一句中的 to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price 可知选 B 69 A 推理判断题 根据最后一段的最后两句可知 garden cities 的数量将会持续增加 70 B 主旨大意题 根据第一段 Ebenezer Howard 的经历和花园城市的最初构想 第二段 花园城市的设计背景 以及第三段对花园城市未来发展的畅想可知 本文的标题为 The Invention of the Garden City 用心 爱心 专心 9 2011 广东卷 广东卷 A In the animal kingdom weakness can bring about aggression in other animal This sometimes happens with humans also But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people I see it every day when people hold doors for me pour cream into my coffee or help me to put on my coat And I have discovered that it makes them happy From my wheelchair experience I see the best in people but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily They don t get to see this soft side of others Often we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness which includes a lot of pretending But only when we stop pretending we re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that s in them Last month when I was driving home on a busy highway I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual People behind me began to get impatient and angry with some speeding up alongside me horning 按喇叭 or even shouting at me At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty four years of driving I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed No more angry shouts and no more horns When I put on my flashlights I was saying to other drivers I have a problem here I am weak and doing the best I can And everyone understood Several times I saw drivers who wanted to pass They couldn t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic But instead of getting impatient and angry they waited knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don t feel that way But those are few and far between More often it would be better if we don t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared 26 The author has discovered that people will feel happy when A they offer their help B they receive others help C they feel others kindness D they show their weakness 27 The author feels sad sometimes because 用心 爱心 专心 10 A he has a soft heart B he relies much on others C some people pretend to be kind D some people fail to see the kindness in others 28 What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights A They speed up to pass B They waited with patience C They tried their best to help D They put on their flashlights too 29 In this passage the author advises us to A handle problems by ourselves B accept help from others C admit our weakness D show our bravery 30 Which of the following is the best title for the passage A A Wheelchair Experience B Weakness and Kindness C Weakness and Strength D A Driving Experience 用心 爱心 专心 11 30 答案 B 标题判断题 通读全文可知 作者通过一次亲身经历告诉我们 有时候我 们需要让别人了解我们需要帮助 这样人们便会表现出他们善意的一面 由此可知 B 项作标题最贴切 2011 浙江卷 C In the more and more competitive scrvice industry it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction Today customer delighi is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share It is accepted in the marketing industry and confirmed by a number of researches that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet For example many companies now have to invest 投资 a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the phone rage caused by delays in answering calls being cut off in mid conversation or left waiting for long periods Many people do not like talking to machines says Dr Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School Banks for example encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face to face chats with their local branch manager Recommended ways of creating customer delight include under promising and over delivering saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours but getting it done within two replacing a faulty product immediately throwing in a gift voucher 购物礼卷 as an unexpected thank you to regntlar customers and always returning calls even when they are compl