中考英语冲刺之阅读理解之细节题及主旨题

1 27 阅读理解之细节题辅导讲义阅读理解之细节题辅导讲义 主主 题题 阅读理解之细节题及主旨题 教学内容教学内容 Step 1 阅读理解题命题特点 改革前的广州中考英语试卷阅读理解有 20 个小题 共 40 分 改革后增加了 阅读填空 题型 分值增至 45 分 中考阅读理解短文的题材广泛 包括 史地 社会生活 科普知识 人物传记等 体裁有记叙文 议论体裁有记叙文 议论 文 说明文 应用文文 说明文 应用文 1 记叙文以描述人或事及相关情景的发生和发展经过 2 说明文是对事物现象的说明或解释 3 议论文论证某一观点是否正确 由论点 论据与论证构成 4 应用文以广告 信件等为主 从历年中考真题来看 对细节题的考察比重明显比较高 一般在 18 24 分之间 阅读主要考查点为事实询问 主旨大意 推理判断 根据上下文猜测词义 随分值提升 题目难度也有所提升 如有数字的加减 词义辨 析等 考生需要在采集信息的基础上进行加工分析 才能得到正确的答案 重点重点 事实询问 细节题 主旨大意 词义猜测及指代题 推理判断及排序题 句子理解 难点难点根据上下文猜测词义 长难句的理解 主旨大意题既推理判断 易错点易错点猜测词义 主旨大意题 高频考点高频考点事实询问 推理判断 主旨大意 2 27 阅读理解之细节题阅读理解之细节题 下面就各种阅读理解题的题型举例 谈谈解题方法 1 细节题的设问方式 此类题型的问题以 what who which when where how 或 why 等词引导 就文中某句 某段或某一具体 细节设问并要求考生回答 如 1 特殊疑问词提问类型 How many What who when where how why 2 排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage 3 例证题类型 The author gives the example in paragraph in order to 4 表唯一细节概念题类型 the most est the only 5 True or NOT true 是非判断类型 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage Which of the following statements is NOT true Which of the following is NOT considered as 2 细节题解题方法 细节题解题方法 分步解读 分步解读 我们读完文章后 第一步第一步工作就是审清题目审清题目 第二步第二步就是根据题目 定位文章定位文章了 第三步第三步就是仔细揣度文意 根据选项进行判断了 注意 注意 在做题过程中要学生划出关键词在做题过程中要学生划出关键词 A 事实节细题事实节细题 There was once a large fat woman who had a small thin husband He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening As soon as he got home on Fridays his wife used to make him give her all his money and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day 1 How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day A Just enough to buy chocolates B Just enough to buy a sandwich C Just enough to buy his lunch in a restaurant D Just enough to buy his lunch in the office 筒析 这是一道典型的事实询问题 因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到 根据这段最后一句话 可以得知 D 为正确答案 解这类题的主要方法是 1 明确题意 2 寻找答案来源 3 找准关键词 4 反复阅读 B 数据推算题数据推算题 3 27 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据 以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断 如 In the summer holidays buses going to the town center will leave the school gate every hour on the half hour during the day The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7 00 a m to 7 00pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7 00 p m at weekends The library will keep its usual hours during the week but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays The weekend hours are from noon to 5 00 p m 3 At which of the following times will the bus leave the school gate A 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 B 8 30 9 30 10 30 11 30 C 8 30 9 00 9 30 10 00 D 8 00 9 30 11 00 12 30 简析 做此类题一要抓住有关的数据 二要从众多的信息中找出哪些是有用的信息 三要抓住一些关键词 注意文章中的第一句 every hour on the half hour 意思为校车每小时发一次 发车时间在每一小时的半点 上 故 B 是正确答案 C 数字计算题数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容 此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实 有的要经过具 体的计算才能够得出正确的答案 具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算 月份的计算或比例的计算等 文章中 经常会出现许多数字 它们对解题产生一定的影响 解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意 然后经过 对比 分析 计算等就能够得出正确的答案 It was a very hot afternoon and we decided to cool off in the river near my home As we climbed down a small rocky hill toward the water my boyfriend John suddenly started to shout then jumped into the water below Peter and Mary quickly followed but I was too far away to jump I was trapped 2010 年广州市中考题 A 篇 46 How many people went swimming that day A Two B Three C Four D Five Key C D 排列顺序题排列顺序题 做这种题时可采用 首尾定位法首尾定位法 即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件 迅速缩小选择范围 从而快 速选出正确答案 典型例题 The hardworking blacksmith Jones used to work all day in his shop The son of Mr Smith a rich neighbor used to come to see the blacksmith every day and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the 4 27 tradesman worked Young man why don t you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks 钉 even if it is only to pass the time said the blacksmith Who knows one day it may be of use to you The lazy boy began to see what he could do But after a little practice he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks Old Mr Smith died and the son lost all his things because of the war He had to leave home and began to live a simple life in a small village in another country In this village there were a lot of shoemakers who were spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes and sometimes even when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted because in that part of the country soldiers shoes were in great need Our young Mr Smith who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in the workshop The shoemakers were very glad for the offer And after a while Mr Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village How funny it seems he used to say even making tacks can make my life better My skill is more useful to me than all my riches that I ve had before 50 What is the right order of the events a Young Mr Smith became a tack maker in the village b Young Smith learned the art of making tacks from Jones c Soldiers shoes were in great need during the war d Young Smith had to move to another country A b d a c B d a b c C b d c a D d c a b 注注 做做这这一一类类排排序序题题 可可以以分分为为 b d 两两种种开开头头的的排排序序 从从文文章章中中意意思思 可可以以排排除除 B D 选选项项 在在 A C 选选项项中中 a 与与 c 看看一一看看 根根据据文文中中信信息息 可可以以排排除除 A 项项 key C E 判断正误 例 1 三错一对 题 Shopping on the Internet or shopping online is becoming more and more popular More and more people are using the Internet to buy things Why do people use the Internet to shop Some people say it is more convenient They don t have to leave their homes to order something and they can shop for anything they want at any time day or night Some people say they can find things for sale that they can t find in the stores near their homes Other people say they can find better prices on the Internet If you want to buy something on the Internet you need a credit card 信用卡 You can apply it from a bank You have to give your credit card number and information to the website which sends them to the store over the Internet You have to be sure that the store will not use your information in a wrong way And if you don t want someone to get your credit card number and buy something else with it of course you should always be careful with your credit card number because people sometimes steal credit card numbers For people who are too nervous to shop online the Internet is a good place for window shopping Window shopping is when you go to a store and look at things for sale but don t plan to buy anything Window shopping is easy on the Internet You can see all kinds of things and how much they cost You can visit stores with branches near 5 27 you or you can visit stores that are only on the Internet 51 Which following is True about shopping online according to the passage A It can save people a lot of trouble B Nervous people choose to shop online C People don t have to use their credit card D People can buy only a few things on the Internet 这这类类是是 三三错错一一对对 从从文文中中第第一一段段说说 人人们们为为什什么么在在网网上上购购物物 一一些些人人说说 网网上上购购物物可可以以更更方方便便 任任何何 时时候候可可以以不不离离开开家家就就可可以以购购物物 所所以以选选择择 A 例 2 三对一错 题 This is a talk by a London taxi driver I ve been a taxi driver for nearly ten years Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis It s a nice job most of time You meet a lot of people I always work at night because there is too much traffic during the day I live twenty miles outside London and I go to work at 5 30 in the afternoon I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning Some very strange things happened late at night The other day I was taking a woman home from a party She had her little dog with her When we got to her house she found that she had lost her key So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows I waited and waited After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window The next thing I knew was that the police came They thought I was a thief Luckily the woman came downstairs She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog 49 Which of the following is wrong A The driver worked until 2 or 3 in the morning B The police made a mistake C The woman had no money to pay the driver D The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog 此此类类题题是是 三三对对一一错错 题题 A 文文章章第第五五行行 作作者者说说凌凌晨晨 2 3 点点回回家家 符符合合 A B 文文章章第第 10 行行说说警警 察察来来了了 他他们们以以为为我我是是小小偷偷 符符合合 B C 妇妇女女说说没没有有钱钱付付给给司司机机 根根据据题题意意是是错错的的 所所以以选选择择C 5 细节题中的小陷阱 细节题中的小陷阱 选项中部分是正确的 但是部分是不正确的 选项是文章中的内容 但是题干中要求的 符合常识 但不是原文想要表达的 6 27 与原句的内容极为相似 只是在程度上有些变动 A According to Forbes magazine Oprah Winfrey is one of the richest women in America She has worked as a news reporter movie actress and author but she is best known for her popular television talk show Oprah Life has not always been easy for Oprah When she was young her parents did not live together and she often moved house Her family was poor and Oprah did not have her first pair of shoes until she was six years old But Oprah was smart she learned how to read before she started school And even from her young age Oprah loved to talk After graduating from high school Oprah got a job as a newsreader at a television station in Baltimore Oprah was very different from the other reporters She laughed when she made a mistake and cried if a story was sad Her style was not right for news reporting so she was fired 解雇 Oprah s boss at the TV station offered her a job as the co host of a morning talk show called People Are Talking She was very popular on that show and in 1981 Oprah moved to Chicago where she had a larger studio audience who loved her program so much Five years later her show Oprah was broadcast 广播 for the first time Every day 14 million people watch Oprah in the USA and 130 other countries She interviews not only famous people but also ordinary people who she asks to talk about their personal problems When a guest s story moves her she cries and opens her arms for a hug 拥抱 People throughout the USA and around the world feel close to Oprah because of her emotional 情感的 communication style 56 Oprah got her first pair of shoes when she was years old A five B six C seven D eight 57 Why was Oprah Winfrey fired A She was the same as the other reporters B The TV station wanted to reduce its workers C Her style was not suitable for news reporting D She was too famous 58 When did the talk show Oprah begin A 1986 B After she graduated from high school C Before she worked for a morning talk show D 1981 59 What makes Oprah so popular according to the passage A It shares people s joy and sadness B It helps people solve problems C It teaches people how to interview others D It only tells famous people s lives B Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history You can t think of anyone else when you hear people read 7 27 Confucius 孔子 2 500 year old words All study but no thinking makes people puzzled All thinking but no study makes people lazy September 28th was Confucius birthday He was born in the Kingdom of Lu 鲁国 in today s Shandong Province Chinese look upon Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher He had about 3 000 students For more than 2 500 years Confucius ideas have been around in people s everyday lives Now they have gone far into Western countries and south Asia People can still hear them today Why are his ideas so popular They help not only in everyday life but also in society Confucius most important ideas are kindness and good manners Confucius said young people should take care of the old People should give up thinking of themselves and work for others As a great teacher Confucius said that all should go to school if they wanted to learn Some of Confucius popular words are A kind person should care others and Be strict with yourself but be kind to others People use his ideas to help themselves and society Now more than 100 Internet web sites are teaching people about Confucius and his ideas Kindness and honesty are the best values of the world today said 79 year old Kong Fanjin who is studying Confucius 46 Confucius was born about A 500 years ago B 2500 years ago C 3000 years ago D 2800 years ago 47 Confucius was not only a greatest teacher but also a greatest A artist B thinker C fighter D leader 48 Which of the following isn t Confucius ideas A All thinking but no study makes people lazy B Young people should take care of the old C Be strict with others but be kind to yourself D A kind person should care others 49 According to the text you can find more about Confucius and his ideas A on the internet B in the library C from your teacher D on TV C Have you ever thought of being able to fly around the world in a few hours though it is about 40 000 kilometers Now maybe you can Last Saturday the American X 43A airplane made its first flight It reached a 8 27 speed of 8 000 kilometers an hour This makes it the fastest plane in the world X 43A is only three to four meters long but it s very heavy it weighs 1 270 kilos How old can an insect be 400 million years Last Wednesday scientists found the world s oldest insect fossil 化石 in Britain The fossil shows that the body of the insect was as big as a piece of rice and had wings 翅膀 In the past people thought the earliest insect was 380 million years old There will be a new star in the sky soon China plans to send a satellite 卫星 into space in September 2009 It will stay in space for one year It will go around the moon and take pictures It must be very expensive right That s for sure 1 4 billion yuan Yuan Long ping the father of hybrid rice 杂交水稻 won the World Food Prize on Monday Yuan developed the world s first popular and widely grown hybrid rice Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than the ones people grew before 51 If the X 43A goes round the Earth it will take about hours to finish the trip A 3B 5 C 8 D 12 52 The newly found insect fossil showed that the earliest insect was years older than believed A 10 millionB 400 millionC 20 millionD 380 million D Mail sent at 7 35 pm March 28 To The Manager Clothes Horse Store I am writing to tell you about an annoying experience I have just had in your store Yesterday morning I bought a shirt from your store The product was a red shirt shirt size 12 price 140 When I returned home and took it out of the bag the sleeve was almost completely off I had traveled home in the train with the bag and treated it carefully I went back to store in the afternoon to return the shirt and exchange it for another The shop assistant refused to exchange the shirt or return my money She told me that I must have worn it already and caused the damage I told her this was impossible because I had touched it that morning She still refused to give me my money I have bought things from your store many times and my friends also buys things from your shop I am extremely disappointed with your shop assistant This should have been a simple I look forward to hearing from you and working out this problem as soon as possible Your sincerely Jenry Morris 62 When did the writer return to the store to talk about her problem A Morning of March 27 B Afternoon of March 27 C Morning of March 28 D Afternoon of March 28 9 27 Key A 56 59 BCAA B 46 50 BBCA C 51 52 B C D 62 B 学学 法法 升升 华华 1 专题特点 细节题是阅读理解中常考的一道题型 占据所有题目的 50 及以上 答案基本能在原文找到 在做题过程中老师一定要注意培养学生提取关键信息并在文中寻找答案的能力 并养成划出答 案的习惯 2 解题方法 细节题的解题步骤 审清题目 定位文章 比较选项 分析判断 知道问什么 知道问什么 根据关键信息 根据关键信息 注意选项的差别 注意选项的差别 遵从文章 遵从文章 注意在原文中划出关键词注意在原文中划出关键词 3 注意事项 注意的原则 1 比答案的原则是 好的 不知道的 不知道的 不对的 2 注意绝对化的词 如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词 比如 all always never nothing every most 最高级 the only 唯一 none 全否 等等 除非文章当 中使用了该类词汇 否则 一般都要排除 3 避免常见的陷阱 选项中部分是正确的 但是部分是不正确的 选项是文章中的内容 但是题干中要求的 符合常识 但不是原文想要表达的 与原句的内容极为相似 只是在程度上有些变动 4 傻瓜 原则 文章中没有提到的就当不知道 不要枉自猜测 自作聪明 一切以文章内容为准 10 27 阅读理解之主旨题阅读理解之主旨题 1 主旨题命题特点主旨题命题特点 主旨题是考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力 主旨问题是阅读理解题较难回答的题型 纵观广州中考阅读理解 期末主旨题每年会占一至二个 学生在这一块丢分比较严重 2 主旨题型设置主旨题型设置 A 主旨题的设问方式 主旨题的设问方式 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落 或短文 的主题 主题思想 标题或目的 主要提问方式是 1 Which is the best title of the passage 2 Which of the following is this passage about 3 In this passage the writer tries to tell us that 4 The passage tells us that 5 This passage mainly talks about 3 主旨题解题技巧方法 主旨题解题技巧方法 概括的 抽象的 与中心思想核心名词沾边概括的 抽象的 与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项 段落中出现转折时段落中出现转折时 该句很可能是主题句该句很可能是主题句 如如 therefore thus but however in therefore thus but however in shortshort 等等等等 作者有意识的作者有意识的反复重复的观点反复重复的观点通常是主旨通常是主旨 首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的解答就是文章主旨对该问题的解答就是文章主旨 选项特点选项特点 正确选项特点正确选项特点 不出现细节信息不出现细节信息 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词 干扰项特点干扰项特点 细节信息明显细节信息明显 过于笼统 过于笼统 11 27 A A survey has been published which shows that British people don t like their neighbors very much 80 of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors hardly pay attention to other s feelings 25 don t talk to the people who live next door and 10 don t even know their names In fact one million people in Britain would like to move because they don t get along well with their neighbors According to the survey the biggest problem is noise Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses These places often have thin walls which can t stop the noise from next door The other main problems are disagreements 不和 about car parking spaces and old people complaining about the young Some disagreements last a long time In one case people who live in the same building haven t talked to each other for fifteen years Sometimes the disagreements end in violence In one of the worst cases a man killed a neighbor because he kept parking in his space Another survey shows that 90 of the neighbors never share a meal 80 have never had a drink together and 20 have never even spoken However when neighbors become each other s friends they are often ready to offer help as we can see in many parts of the world One solution 解决办法 to such problems is to talk about them with a professional 专业的 organization and if necessary to sign a written agreement Now people can get this service in more and more towns 54 What is the third paragraph about A How to solve the problem B Old people and the young C How the survey was done D The oth