新人教版八年级英语下册unit1知识点.doc

Unit 1 Whats the matter? 知识点总结一、基本知识点1. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？matter的用法（1）名词：事情，问题 Whats the matter? =whats wrong (with you)? =whats the trouble怎么啦？出什么事啦？ （2）动词：有重大影响，有重要性 如：What does it matter?-Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? -I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼2. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache3.should的用法：1）用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见。如：Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？2）should表义务或提建议，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。如：You should do what your parents tell you. 你应该照你父母的话去做事。He should do some work, but he doesnt want to. 他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。也可指现在。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such trifles.对这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。You shouldnt be sitting in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。3）should表推测，暗含很大的可能。如：Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now.现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。Three weeks should suffice. 三个星期应该足够了。4）should可在某些从句中，表虚拟语气。如：I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生。She was terrified lest they should go on talking about her. 她感到害怕，唯恐他们再说她的事。If he should drop in, give him my message. 他若来访，就将我的消息给他。5）should表感情色彩，常用在以why, how开头的疑问句中。如：Why shouldnt you invite him? 为什么你不邀请他？I dont see why we shouldnt make friends. 我不明白为什么我们竟不能成为朋友。How should I know? 我怎么知道？在that引导的从句中，should也可表惋惜、忧虑、欢乐、惊讶等感情色彩。如：Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得这样坏，我感到遗憾。It is absurd that such things should happen to a family like theirs.真可笑，这种事竟发生在他们那样的家庭中。should还用于一些特殊结构，表感情色彩。如：That it should come to this! 事情竟到了这种地步！To think that it should have happened to me! 谁想到这种事竟发生在我身上！4.take 的固定搭配take ones temperature/ take breaks/take some medicine/take off/ take care of/take away Let me take your temperature 我来给你量量体温. So you need to learn to relax and take breaks once in a while.因此你需要学着放松，并且每隔一段时间休息一下。 The airplane is going to take off in ten minutes. 5.surprise的用法1.做名词：to ones surprise 使。惊讶的，出乎。意料 To my surprise, he arrived on time.2.做动词：surprise sb使某人吃惊3.做形容词：surprising, surprised的用法6.get的用法get off下车/get on上车/get into陷入，参与 7.be used to sth/doing sth 习惯于做某事适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.be used to do sth 被用作去做某事used to do sth 习惯于做某事 get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.8.out of的固定搭配look out of 向。外看/ get out of从。出来/ run out of用光9. much too+ 词，意为 ，too much+ 词，意为 。10. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=money money11. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied12. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.13. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.14. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.15. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车16. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、观点 。17. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble ，make trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 。18. right away=right now=at once，意为 。19. advice 不可数名词劝告，建议， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth .20. exercise 动词意为 ，可数时意为 ，不可数时意为 。21. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.22. clean 【动词】 ，clean the classroom ，【形容词】 ，cleaner意为 。23. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。24. free 形容词空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.25. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人sb. run out of物sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.26. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 27. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.28. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。29. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中30. 【复习】mind意为 ，mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window?31. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.二、重要短语1. have a cold2. have a stomachache3. see sb. do sth.4. shout for help5. expect (sb.) to do sth.6. to ones surprise7. thanks to 8. think about9. be interested in sth.10. lose ones life11. save ones life12. take a risk=take risks13. cut off14. keep on doing sth.三、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I my