不定式的用法

1 2 不定式的用法 构成 to 动词原形 其否定形式是 not to do 不定式本身根据语义有各种时态 to do to be doing to have done 所作成分 一 不定式作主语 To see is to believe 眼见为实 To realize your aim is not easy if you don t work hard 假如你不努力工作 实现目标是不容易的 注意 1 两个或两个以上疑问词共接一个不定式 时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 When and where to have this party is not decided 这次聚会的时间和地点还没有确定 2 不定式作主语时 常后置而用 it 作形式主语 It is right to give up smoking 戒烟是对的 It is necessary to complete the building by the end of this year 这座楼在今年年底必须完工 3 在句型 It is adj for of somebody to do something 结构中 若形容词用来表示客观情况时用 for 若表示不定式逻辑主语的特征 状态或属性时用 of 或者说 若 somebody 与前面的 adj 构成逻辑上 的主系表关系时 用 of 构不成逻辑上的主系表关系 时 则用 for 如 It is important for us to learn English well 不能说 we are important 对于我们来说学好英语是很重要的 It is very dangerous for you to go on like this 能说 you are dangerous 你这样下去是很危险的 It is very kind of you to help me with my English 不 能说 you are kind to help me with my English 帮助我学英语 你真好 It was foolish of you to give up so good a job 能说 you are foolish to give up so good a job 你放弃了这么好的一份工作 你很傻 二 不定式作宾语 1 有些及物动词 只能接不定式而不能接动名词 作宾语 常用的动词有 agree afford ask beg decide expect fail hope learn manage promise plan wish pretend offer refuse 等 I hope to go to Dalian again 我希望再一次去大连 The naughty boy pretended to be steeping when his mother came in 当妈妈进来的时候 这个调皮的男孩子假装正在睡 觉 2 动词不定式作动词 tell show understand explain teach learn advise discuss 等词的宾语时 前面常带疑问词 即 疑问词 how when where what who to do 如 Please tell us what to do next 请告诉我们下一步做什么 He taught me how to operate a computer 他教我怎样操作电脑 He didn t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the news 他不知道听了这消息是笑还是哭 3 介词之后一般不直接接不定式 但可以接疑问 词加不定式构成的不定式短语 如 Marx gave some advice on how to learn English 马克思就如何学英语提出了一些建议 4 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语 也可 以跟不定式作宾语 但意义上有区别 要特别注意 to do sth 忘记去做某事 1 forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事 It s cloudy Don t forget to take your umbrella before you regret it 阴天了 别忘了带雨伞 以免后悔 I forgot telling her the news 我忘了告诉过她这个消息 to do sth 记住去做某事 2 remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事 Please remember to turn off the light before your leave 离开房间前请记住要关灯 I remember being taken to Beijing whea I was a small child 我记得小时候被带着去过北方 to do sth 为将要讲到的事感到遗憾 抱 歉 3 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 I regret to say that we have no good news for you 很遗憾我没有给你带来好消息 I regretted losing a good chance 我后悔错过了一个好机会 to do sth 停下正做的事去做另一件事 2 4 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 He stopped to write a letter to his parents 他停下手头的工作 给父母写信 When the teacher came in the students stopped talking and laughing 老师走了进来 学生们停止了谈笑 to do sth 尽力去做某事 5 try doing sth 试一试 试试看 He tried to pass the examination 他尽力通过了考试 Why not try knocking at the back door since the front door won t open 既然前门敲不开 为什么不敲后门试试呢 to do sth 打算做某事 6 mean doing sth 意味着 意思是 I mean to praise these students 我打算表扬这些学生 Missing the train means waiting for another twenty minutes 误了车就意味着再等二十分钟 to do sth 做完某事 接着做另一件事 7 go on doing sth 继续做同一件事 go on with sth After they had read the text the students went on to do the exercises 学生们读课文以后接着做练习 She nodded smiled and went on sewing 她点点头 笑了笑 继续缝衣服 to do sth 不能帮助做某事 8 can t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 She is so busy that she can t help to sweep the floor 她是如此的忙以至于不能帮忙扫地板了 The girl couldn t help crying on hearing the news 一听到这个消息 这个女孩禁不住哭起来 5 动词 like love hate prefer 等 后接不定式或 动词作宾语均可 如表示经常性的行为可用动名词 如 表示某一次具体的行为常用不定式 但要注意 如果 like love prefer 前有 would should 后面则应接动词不 定式 译为 很想 愿意做某事 如 I like swimming but I don t like to swim this after noon 我喜欢游泳 但是今天下午我不喜欢去 I d like to go swimming this weekend 这个周未 我很想去游泳 6 动词 begin start 既可接不定式又接动名词 但下 列三种情况下 要接不定式 1 句子的时态是进行时态 Mother is beginning to cook 母亲正开始做饭 2 句子的主语是物 The ice began to melt 冰开始融化 3 当后面的谓语动词是表心理活动的词 如 know understand realize 等 I began to realize my mistakes 我开始意识到我的错误 7 在动词 allow advise forbid permit 等动词后面用 不定式作宾补 即 doing sth allow advise forbid permit sb to do sth We don t permit smoking in public 我们不允许在公共场合吸烟 We don t permit people to smoke in public 我们不允许人们在公共场合吸烟 8 动词 need require want 作 需要 解时 其后必 须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语 即 doing need require want to be done The window needs requires wants cleaning to be cleaned 窗户需要擦了 三 不定式作宾语补足语 1 advise ask allow cause persuade invite encourage expect force like order tell warn wish 等动词常用不定 式作宾补 其否定式是在 to 前加 not 或 never 如 Our parents encouraged us to learn some foreign language 家长鼓励我们学习某种外语 I warned him not to do such a dangerous thing 我警告他不要做这样危险的事情 We finally persuaded him to go to a doctor 我们终于说服了他去看医生 2 感官动词 hear feel notice see watch observe 及使 役动词 have let make 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 但 如果变被动语态 to 应加上 如 3 We heard the band play in the park The band was heard to play in the park 我们听见那个乐队在公园演奏了 Tom doesn t have to be made to learn He always works hard 汤姆不是被催促着学习 他一直很努力 四 不定式作定语 He is the first to come and the last to leave 他是第一个来的最后一个走的 I have a lot of work to do 我有大量的工作要做 注意 1 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 且与被 修饰词之间是动宾关系 要在不定式后加适当的介词 如 Pleasing give me a piece of paper to write on 请给我一张用来写字的纸 The poor man only has a small room to live in 那个穷人只有一间小屋可以居住 She is a very nice person to work with 她是一个很好共事的人 There is nothing to worry about 没有什么值得担心的 2 当句中有不定式的逻辑主语时 不定式作定语 常用主动形式 但当征求对方是否有事需请求者去做时 不定式作定语用被动形式 如 I ll go to the post office this afternoon I have something to send 我下午去邮局 我有东西要寄 I ll go to the post office this afternoon Do you have anything to be sent 我下午去邮局 你有要我寄的东西吗 不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是我 是东西被我 去寄 Would you have a letter to be typed manager asked the typer 打字员问经理 你有什么信件要我给打印吗 五 不定式作状语 1 不定式作目的状语 如 He shouted at the top of his voice to make himself heard 为了能使大家听见 他放开嗓门喊 I got up early to catch the first bus 为赶早班车 我起床很早 目的状语还可用 in order to 或 so as to 来表示 但 so as to 不能置于句首 In order to pass the exam he studied hard 为了通过考试 他努力学习 He listens attentively so as not to in order not to miss a single word 他聚精会神听着 为的是不漏掉一个字 2 不定式作结果状语 表达的是意料不到的结果 可在不定式前加 only 或 never 现在分词作结果状语 表 达的是自然而然的结果 He lifted a stone only to drop it onto his own feet 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚 His father left home never to come back again 他的父亲离开家 从此再也没有回来 He worked very hard making a lot of money 他工作努力 挣了很多钱 She advised her husband to give up smoking but he didn t listen making her very angry 她劝丈夫戒烟 但是他不听 这使她很生气 六 不定式作表语 My job is to attend the children 我的工作是照看这些小孩 但若主语部分有实义动词 do 及 do 的其它形式 则作表语的不定式符号 to 可以省略 All that I could do was to thank him 我所做的是去谢谢他 What a fire door does is to delay the spread of a fire long enough for people to get out 防火门的作用是延缓火的蔓延 使人们有足够的时 撤离 巩固方案 Module3 I 单项填空 16 By the time the player left Beijing he over 1000 letters of congratulations from various parts of China A received B has received C will receive D had received 17 What when the thief came into the house I the TV and was going to bed A were you going was turning off B did you do had turned off C had you done was turning off D were you doing had turned off 18 Ten percent of the trees before the government took any action A were cutting down B cut down C had been cut down D has been cut down 19 21st Century School Edition is a newspaper It helps us to improve our English A no less than B no more than 4 C less than D more than 20 Two middle aged passengers fell into the sea neither of them could swim A In fact B Luckily C Unfortunately D Naturally 巩固方案 Module4 I 单项填空 16 Did you get your pay Yes I remember But I forget the exact amount 量 A paying B to be paid C being paid D having paid 17 They stopped but there was no more sound A hearing B to listen C listening D to listen to 18 of reading he put down the book and stopped A Tired to watch TV B Tired watching TV C Tiring watching TV D Tiring to watch TV 19 The child used to write with a pen and now he is with a brush A try writing B trying to write C to try to write D trying writing 20 It is important a beginner the correct pronunciation of a