翻译常见问题.doc

(一) 常见问题1. 句型辨认不清例：Not only _(他学习成绩好)，but he does a good job in the community work. 误he studies well.正does he study well.析not only but (also) 句型中not only 置于句首是个典型的部分倒装句，需把助动词提到主语的前面。例：Ill never forget the countryside _ (我在那儿度过了我的童年时光).误I spent my childhood there.正where / in which I spent my childhood.析 这是一个定语从句。“the countryside” 在后面的从句中作地点状语，故而选用where或in which作关系副词连接定语从句。2. 语法使用混乱(1) 时态、语态混淆使用例：Since three years ago, _ (我就一直在纽约工作). 误I worked in New York.正I have been working in New York.析 由since 引导的时间状语，主句用完成时或者完成进行时。例：The enemy retreated in a hurry, _ (丢下许多武器).误with many weapons leaving behind正leaving behind many weapons / with many weapons left behind / and many weapons were left behind析 本题需区分“敌人”，“武器”及“丢下”之间的关系。“敌人”与“丢下”是主动关系，而“丢下”与“武器”是动宾关系，宾语提前则需用被动。(2) 主谓不一致例：She is the only one of the students _ (受过表彰的)误 who have been awarded 正 who has been awarded析 本句的意思是: 她是那些学生当中唯一受过表彰的人。填入的定语从句修饰的先行词应是 “the only one”, 而不是 “the students”, 因此定语从句的谓语应使用单数形式。很多学生误以为先行词是 “the students”，所以错用了“have”。(3) 虚拟语气混用例：_(如果采用急救措施)，the child would have survived.误If he was / were given the first aid正If he had been given the first aid 析 本句是对过去的虚拟，主句应该使用if sb. had done sth.。例：It is high time that _ ( 我们下定决心).误we have made / will make our determination正we made our determination析 本句是固定的虚拟语气句型：It is (high) time that + 主语 + 谓语(过去式) / should。(4) 非谓语动词使用不当例：I am sorry for _(让您久等).误have kept you to wait for so long a time正having kept you waiting for so long a time析 首先，for 作为介词，后面需跟名词或动名词；其次，keep 后应跟现在分词而不是不定式。例：I went to the repair shop to _ (把我的表给修了).误have my watch to be repaired / have my watch repair正have my watch repaired析have sth. done意为“让某事被做”，使用过去分词。另外，还有have sb. do / doing sth.的用法，表示“让某人（一直）做某事”。3. 选词用字不当(1) 固定搭配使用不当例：I will appreciate it _ (如果你能帮我一个忙).误if you can make me a favor正if you can do me a favor析do sb. a favor 是固定词组。例：It was said that _ (他因谋杀而受到起诉).误he was accused with murder / he was charged of murder正he was accused of murder / he was charged with murder析be accused of / be charged with 是固定词组，不可混用。(2) 词性混用例：_ (我把成功归因于) my painstaking efforts.误I owe my succeed to正I owe my success to析succeed 是动词，success 是名词，此句显然应用名词形式。例：You should always remember _ (诚实是最好的策略).误honest is the best policy正honesty is the best policy析 考生常把honest, honesty 搞混淆，弄不清两者的词性，honest为形容词，honesty为名词。(3) 同义词、近形词混用例：We were shocked at the news that _ (她在交通事故中受了伤).误she had been wounded in the traffic accident正she had been injured in the traffic accident析 在交通事故中受到的伤害我们通常用injure，而wound通常指在战争、打斗中受到的刀伤或枪伤。例：_ (你考虑周到) to have arranged everything for me.误Its considerable of you正Its considerate of you析considerable 和considerate均为形容词，词形相似但词义不同，前者表示“大量的、相当的”，而后者才是“考虑周到的”意思。(4) 拼写错误考生常拼错的单词包括: true (错拼成ture), ninth (错拼成nineth), environment (错拼成enviroment), government (错拼成goverment), interest (错拼成intrest)等等。(5) 单复数混淆 考生时常把以下不可数名词当作可数名词用, 如: information, news, knowledge, furniture, equipment, homework, advice等等。(二) 常考词组account for 做出解释，提出理由，说明according to / in accordance with 根据，依照；与一致accuse sb. / sth. of 谴责，控告act upon 依照行动act sth. out 实行，（把想法等）付诸行动Actions speak louder than words 行动比言语更响亮，事实胜于雄辩adjust to / adapt to 使适应（新环境），适应ahead of time / schedule (比原定时间)提早aim at / be aimed at 意欲或试图做approve of sth. 赞成，称许，满意arrive at / come to 达成（协议），得出（结论）as a result 因此，结果assist (sb. with) sth. 帮助某人做某事at risk 有危险，有风险at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度at first glance 乍一看；最初看到时at ones disposal 供某人使用，由某人支配attach sth. to sth. 使与相关联attach importance to sth. 认为重要attribute sth. to 把归因于，把归咎于be accused of / be charged with因受起诉be / become aware of 对清楚be / feel at home / at ease 感到无拘束，感到熟悉feel ill at ease 感到不自在be confined to 限制于，局限于be guilty of 对有罪责be inappropriate for 不适当的，不合适的be (feel) ill at ease 不自在；困窘be inclined to 倾向于，容易（做）be meant to do 应做be occupied with 忙于做，专心于be out of control / get out of hand失去控制be scheduled to do 被安排，定于be superior / inferior to 优于 / 劣于be well worth sth. / doing sth. 值得的behind schedule 比预定计划（时间）晚bring under control 控制，使就范by comparison / by (in) contrast 比较起来call for 要求come across , encounter偶然遇上come to 苏醒，恢复知觉；达到某种状态come to grips with 着手解决（问题）或对付（挑战）come up with 找到，想出（答案、解决办法等）come down in the world 落魄，潦倒，失势communicate with 与交谈，与交流compared to / with 跟相比contrary to 与相反coordinate ones efforts to 齐心协力count upon / on 料想；依靠；指望cost a (big) fortune 花一（大）笔钱depend on 依靠，依赖devote to 把专用（于）commit sb/sth. to sth./ be committed to sth. 致力于，奉献于commit suicide/a mistake/a crimedistinguish from / between 与相区别do the trick 达到目的drain sb. / sth. of sth. 使逐渐耗尽（力量、金钱等）due to 由于，因为engage in sth. 参与; 从事 engage oneself in (doing)fall upon / on dark days 遭到不幸，倒霉feel like sth. / doing sth. 想做，想要fill ones need 满足需要focus on 使（注意力）集中在for better or worse 不管结果好坏for the sake of sth. / doing sth. 为了得到或拥有for the time being 暂时，眼下get access to / have access to 可以使用，获得get / be involved in 卷入，介入，参与go about doing sth. 着手处理，开始做go to great lengths to do 竭尽全力去做hold water 可证为真实，站得住脚What you said doesnt hold much water.have mercy on someone 可怜某人have nothing to do with / have no bearing on 与无关；不跟往来have / keep / with ones feet (planted / set) on the ground 实事求是（的），脚踏实地（的）have sth./much/a lot / little /nothing in common 有（无）共同之处hit it off 相处得很好hit the target 达到目的，中肯impose on (upon) 强加于in addition (to) 另外，加之in advance 预先，事先in case 免得，以防in favor of 支持，赞同in other words 换句话说，也就是说in relation to 有关，关于in response to 作为对的答复，作为对的反应in the event of 如果发生in the long run / term从长远的观点来看；终究，最后in the meantime (与此)同时keep up with 跟上，不落后keep/bear sth. in mind 记住keep in touch with 保持联系keep / prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止lag behind / fall behind落后, 落在后面leave behind 落下lighten up 放松，不要生气live through 经受住，经历look down on / upon 蔑视，不赞成make a contribution (contributions) to 对做出贡献make a sense/difference (对某人或物)有影响、起作用make a fortune 发财make a fuss about 对小题大做，对大惊小怪make a living 谋生，营生make a point 提出论点make an appointment 预约，约会make an attempt to do sth. 尝试，企图make it 及时赶到，成功地做某事make up ones mind 下定决心，打定主意make ones blood boil 使某人生气make oneself understood 使他人明白自己的意思，说清楚自己的意思make sense 有道理，合乎情理，明智might as well do sth. 最好做某事，不妨做某事mistake for 误当作nothing less than 简直是，同一点也不差on average 平均on account of / by virtue of 因为on grounds of 出于的原因out of proportion to sth. 与极不成比例的，大大超过的participate in参加pay (no)attention to (不)注意，(不)留意play a role in 起作用play (it) safe 稳扎稳打，小心行事protect sb. / sth. from sth. 防御，保护range fromto 从到（范围或幅度内）变化 vary from to reap the benefits of 获得益处，得到好处reach out to 接触，联系reflect on 深思，考虑，反省regardless of 不管，不顾see to 照料，务必做到，务须seek for / search for寻找set sth. in motion 使运转起来shed / throw / cast light on （使）更容易理解sleep on sth. 暂时不作决定，过一晚再作决定spend sth. on sth. / (in) doing sth. 在上花费时间或金钱stay up late 熬夜stick by sb. 继续支持，忠于（尤指在困难时刻）stick with sth. 坚持；无法摆脱stir in ones own juice 受煎熬succeed in (doing) sth. 成功，完成subject to 使遭受suffer from 受之苦，患（某种疾病）take advantage of 利用take charge of / be in charge of 负责管理；对负责takefor granted 认为真实；视为理所当然take measures / steps to 采取措施，采取办法take responsibility for / be responsible for 对负责任takeseriously 认真对待take shape 成型to (ones ) capacity 满座的，满载的to some degree / to some extent 在某种程度上turn over a new leaf 悔过自新，洗心革面，重新做人ups and downs 好运和坏运的交替；盛衰；浮沉vary from to 因而异What if 要是怎么办when it comes to sth. 当谈及到，当谈到win the day 赢，成功win over 争得（别人的）支持或恩惠within (ones) reach 在伸手能及的范围以内yield to 让步于，屈服于Under no circumstances should I yield to difficulties.(三) 常考句型1. as + many/much +名词 + as例It was said that he spent as much as $10,000 on his new clothes. 据说，他买新衣服花了多达一万美元。2. 倍数词 + as + 形容词 + as; 倍数词 + more + 名词/形容词 + than例This city is four times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个城市的面积是它十年前的四倍。例Smoking kills three times more people each year than automobile accidents. 每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多三倍。 3. no morethan (与一样不)例She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be. 一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。4. may / might as well (as) (与其还不如)例One might as well know something about everything as know everything about something. 一个人与其事事只知皮毛还不如精通某一件事。5. only to find/see (结果却；没想到会)例He hurried to the railway station only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，火车却开走了。6. It is undoubted that / There is no doubt that (毫无疑问, )例There is no doubt that people like peace and hate war. 毫无疑问，人们喜欢和平，厌恶战争。7. would rather than (而不是)/ would rather do than do例I would stay at home rather than go shopping in the scorching summer. 在这炎热的夏天, 我宁愿呆在家里而不愿去逛街。8. not until (直到才)例We didnt go to bed until he came back safely. 直到他安全回来我们才上床睡觉。9. (The) chances are that (很可能)例Chances are that the blue team will defeat the red team. 很可能蓝队会击败红队。10. It occurred to sb. that (突然想到)例It had never occurred to me that I would marry him. 我从没想过我会嫁给他。11. It is / was + 动词的过去分词 + that (据)例It was said / reported / thought / believed that the prices of the goods would go up increasingly. 据说/据报道/据认为，物价会迅速上涨。12. When it comes to (提及，当提到的时候)例When it comes to sports, he seems to be talkative. 当提到运动的时候，他似乎很健谈。13. be not much of a (是个不太好的)例George is not much of an expert in physics for he knows something about everything in his field. 乔治不算什么物理方面的专家，他在这一领域事事只懂点皮毛。14. As far as sb. / sth. is concerned ; As for sb. (就而言，在看来)例As far as I am concerned / As for me, the project seems to be infeasible. 在我看来，该项目似乎不可行。15. not only but also (不仅而且)例Tom can not only speak fluent Chinese but also sing Peking opera. 汤姆不仅会说一口流利的中文而且还会唱京剧。16. (n)either (n)or (既不也不；或者或者)例He likes neither the plot nor the characters of the novel. 他既不喜欢小说的情节，也不喜欢小说的人物。Either you or I am going to Shanghai for business negotiation. 要么你要么我得去上海进行商务谈判。 Are either you or I going to Shanghai for ?17. No sooner than / Hardly when / Scarcely when (一就)例No sooner had the bell rung than the boys and girls rushed out of the classroom. 铃声一响，学生们就冲出了教室。18. the + (形容词/副词) 比较级 , the (形容词/副词) 比较级 (越越)例The more anxious you are, the less likely you can think out a way. 你越是焦虑，越不容易想出方法。19. 虚拟语气(1) if 引导的条件状语从句表示对过去，现在或将来的虚拟。例If I were you, I would not make the same mistake again. 如果我是你，我就不会再犯同一个错误。If you had come earlier, you would have met my pretty cousin. 如果你早点来的话，就能看见我漂亮的表妹了。(2) 某些介词、介词短语及连词，如lest, in case, without, otherwise等, 其主句应用虚拟。例Without water, fish would not survive. 没有水，鱼儿无法生存。(3) 一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词，其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟形式，如：suggest, propose, command, order, request, require等等。例He suggested that we (should) seize the chance to improve ourselves. 他建议我们应抓住提高自己的机会。(4) It is + 形容词 + that + 主 + （should）+ 动词原形。这些形容词有：necessary, essential, important, desirable, (im)possible 等等。例It is necessary that effective measures (should) be taken to prevent the earthquakes.(5) It is (high) time that + 主 + 动词过去式/should do例It is high time that we made our efforts to promote the sales.20. 倒装结构 (1)完全倒装：全部谓语 主语 其他 （一般人称代词做主语则不使用倒装）a. 表示方向的副词: out, down, in, up, awa