初三英语 语法模块之非谓语动词

第 1 页 共 21 页 2016 年寒假英语初三组 非谓语动词 第 2 页 共 21 页 知识目标知识目标 1 学习非谓语动词的定义学习非谓语动词的定义 2 掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则 3 了解非谓语动词的重难点了解非谓语动词的重难点 常可省略不定式常可省略不定式 to 的情况的情况 既可以加不定式也可以加既可以加不定式也可以加 ing 的情况的情况 Part I Introduction 请用所给单词的正确形式填空 并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语 若是非谓语 问 非谓语 在此处做什么成分 1 Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang win the Olympic golden medal 2 Have you decided where take your wedding holiday Not yet 3 Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice swim 4 My grandparents live in a small village call Xinpo 5 After do the laundry she went on do some gardening 第 3 页 共 21 页 Part II Grammar Focus 一 非谓语的定义 在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词 根据动词是否在句中作谓语 我们也 可以把动词分为 和 两种 二 非谓语的构成 三 非谓语的用法 主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语 不定式 动名词 分词 1 作主语 1 不定式做主语 考点考点 不定式作主语时 常用it做形式主语 而将真正的主语放在句末 表示具体某一次 表习惯性 第 4 页 共 21 页 其结构为 例 To learn a foreign language is not easy It is not easy to learn a foreign language 注意 在kind good nice clever等表示人的品质的形容词后 用of 例 It s very kind of you to help me 眼见为实 2 动名词用作主语 考点 考点 跟不定式一样 动名词作主语时常位于句末 而在其原来的位置用it 作形式主语 谓 语动词一般用 例 Saying so much useless It is useless saying so much 2 作宾语 1 不定式作宾语 考点考点 常见表示命令 打算或希望的一类词 这类动词有 例 他希望马上能见到他的孩子 He began to read and write after lunch 当一个以上的不定式连用时 后面的不定式往往 第 5 页 共 21 页 省略to 考点考点 常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式 e g I would rather stay at home 你最好远离他 考点考点 在find think believe guess后跟不定式作宾语时 常用it代替 而将真正的宾语放在句 末 我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的 考点考点 不定式常和疑问词what which when where how who连用 相当于一个宾语从句的 作用 如 The teacher is telling the students what to do He didn t know which to choose 比较 what to do 与how to do it 小试牛刀 一 翻译题 1 邮局离这儿有点远 你最好坐车去 2 他们不知道何时开始会议 第 6 页 共 21 页 二 选择题 1 What s your plan for the summer holiday I ve no idea but I ve decided at home and have a good rest first A stay B to stay C stayed 2 The girl prefer at home rather than to the cinema A to stay go B staying going C to stay to go 3 We believe possible for Tim to get the first prize A that B it C this 4 All the hats look beautiful I don t know A how to choose B what to choose C which one to choose 5 The young soldier really doesn t know to stop the baby from crying hard A what to do B how to do C when to do 2 动名词作宾语 考点 考点 用作动词宾语 这类词有 等 例 他继续犯同样的错误 I suggest leaving now 考点 考点 用作介词宾语 第 7 页 共 21 页 例 After finishing my work I took a short rest They drove into town without talking to each other 小试牛刀 一 翻译题 1 我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家 2 我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙 3 我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水 二 选择题 1 It s hot Would you mind the window Do it as you like please A me to open OK B my opening Certainly not C my closing Of course 2 The tourists have difficulty with the local people A communicate B communicating C to communicate 3 作表语 1 不定式作表语的作用是 第 8 页 共 21 页 His wish is to become a pianist 他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家 2 动名词作表语的作用是 One of his bad habits is biting nails 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲 4 作宾语补足语 1 不定式用作宾语补足语 考点考点 双宾及物动词后 带to 的不定式 这类动词有 例 They asked him to sing a pop song at the party 考点考点 在表示五官感觉 使役动词后 要用不带to 的不定式 这类动词有 例 The boy saw two men enter the house 这个年轻人使这个老的机器老师运转了起来 注 变被动怎么办 The boy saw two men enter the house 2 分词用作宾语补足语 考点考点 现在分词作宾语补足语 多用于使役动词或感官动词之后 如 see watch hear feel smell notice find have get leave keep 例 We saw a light burning in the window 被动 第 9 页 共 21 页 He kept the machine running for ten hours 易错点 易错点 have sb do sth let sb do sth have sb doing sth keep sb doing sth 请比较 I saw the old man crossing the street 我看见那个老人在过街 I saw the old man cross the street 我看见那个老人过街的 过去分词作宾补 多表示宾语的状态或被动意义 动作是宾语发不出来的 多用于使役 动词 感官动词动词后面 特别注意 have 宾语 过去分词 这一结构的用法 例 I have to have my hair cut 你应该让你自己被所有人理解 小试牛刀 1 My father is not good at cooking He often asks my mother A to help him B not to help him C how to help him 2 We are often told at people who are in trouble A not to smile B to smile C not to laugh 3 I heard someone the door and A open come in B to open to come in C open come into 4 Is Jack in the library Maybe I saw him out with some books just now A going B go C to go 5 The kids their parents to hurry to the other side of the playground to get the gift for 第 10 页 共 21 页 them A hope B expect C Wait 6 Tom often makes his little sister but yesterday he was made by his sister A cry to cry B to cry cry C cry cry 5 作定语 1 不定式用作定语 考点 考点 不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词 但是它必须后置 例 We must first find something for him to eat 考点 考点 如果是不及物动词 且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系 要在不定式之后加上适当 的介词 如 He is not a man to talk with 2 动名词用作定语 通常前置 表示该名词所表示的事物的用途 如果用 for 动名词 则应后置 例 a swimming pool a pool for swimming 3 分词用作定语 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征 或修饰名词所做的动作 表示 单个的现在分词作定语必须 置 现在分词短语则 置 现在分词短语作定语 相当于一个 从句 例 I have a friend living in London 第 11 页 共 21 页 a sleeping boy the sun that is rising The room was full of people who are waiting for the doctor 过去分词作定语多表示 动作发生在谓语动词之前 其前置和 特征与现在分词相同 例 We need more trained nurses Things which are seen from behind seem a little different 小试牛刀 1 Do you know the man under the tree A stand B standing C stood 2 Do you have anything for yourself A say B saying C to say 3 The local things are specially expensive by hands A made B making C to make 6 作状语 1 不定式用作状语 用作 状语 例 He came to borrow my dictionary 第 12 页 共 21 页 They went on foot so as not to be heard In order not to be heard they went on foot 用作 状语 例 He hurried to the house only to find it empty 用作 状语 She is old enough to travel all by herself 用作 状语 例 We jumped with joy to hear the news 2 分词用作状语 现在分词作状语 多用来表示伴随 时间 原因 方式等 现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语 例 They stood by the road reading books 表 Hearing When hearing a noise they stopped talking When they heard 听到喧闹声 他们便停止了谈话 表 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样 可以表示伴随 时间 原因 方式等 过去分词作状语表示主语的状态或是主语与从句的动词是被动关系 例 Deeply moved she couldn t say a word As she was deeply moved 她深受感动 一句话也说不出来 表 小试牛刀 1 My brother s ill in hospital 第 13 页 共 21 页 I m sorry that A to hear B hearing C heard 2 Linda I m very thirsty Let s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks OK A buy B bought C to buy 3 When water changes into steam A heat B heating C heated 4 Alex you should have your car It is so dirty A clean B cleaning C cleaned 5 by many students the teacher came into the classroom A Follow B Following C Followed 6 This is the place for him A to live B living in C to live in Part IV Conclusion 现在分词与过去分词用图表法进行比较如下现在分词与过去分词用图表法进行比较如下 说明 功能例句 The girl standing in front of the classroom is my roommate 作定语 其逻辑主 语为其所修饰的词 作定语 其逻辑宾语 为其所修饰的词 第 14 页 共 21 页 The teachers went out of the building talking and laughing 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语 The situation is encouraging The boy is too excited to utter a word 表示主语的性质 特征 表示某种状态 Yesterday Jim kept us waiting for a long time I heard Lily singing in the classroom He ll have his hair cut tomorrow 被补足的宾语或主 语是其逻辑主语 即主动关系 被补足的宾语或主语 是其逻辑宾语 即被 动关系 总结三种非谓语在句中所作的成分 总结三种非谓语在句中所作的成分 主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语 不定式 动名词 分词 Part V Key Points 一 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 一 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1 forget remember regret 等 在forget remember regret 后 用动名词作宾语表示 用不定式表示 例 I remember posting the letter 第 15 页 共 21 页 Remember to post the letter 我将永远不会忘记第一次见他的时候 这些学生总是忘记把垃圾带出教室 2 stop go on 等 在stop go on 后 用动名词作宾语表示 用不定式表示 例 They stopped talking They stopped to talk 3 need want 等 在need want 后 用动名词作宾语表示 和用被动态的不定式 在意义上一样 例 This room needs cleaning to be cleaned 这块老式的手表需要修理 4 allow mean try allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 例 我们不允许在这抽烟 我们不允许学生在上学日的时候外出 mean to do mean doing 例 他打算出国学习 做那个事意味着浪费时间 try to do sth 第 16 页 共 21 页 try doing sth 例 Please try to do better next time He tried speaking English to me 比较 try to do sth 努力做某事 不一定成功 manage to do sth 努力做某事 且成功了 二 二 常用不定式或动名词的句型常用不定式或动名词的句型 1 It s time to do sth It s time for sth 是做 的时候了 It s time to have supper It s time for supper 该吃晚饭了 2 Let s do sth 否定句 3 It takes sb some time money to do sth 某人花费多少时间 金钱 做某事 我花了半小时做这个题目 4 be 形容词 enough to do sth 足够 做某事 那小姑娘已够上学年龄 5 be too 形容词 to do sth 太 不能做某事 那孩子太害怕 不敢动一动 6 be ready to do sth 乐意做某事 准备做某事 准备做某事 雷锋总是乐于助人 7 It s 形容词 for of sb to do sth It s important for the twins to help each other 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的 第 17 页 共 21 页 8 be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth He is afraid to tell his father about it 他不敢告诉他父亲 9 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 表示 宁愿 也不愿 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去 10 would like to do sth 与 would love to do sth 常用于口语中 表示 喜欢 I d like to have a cup of tea 我想喝杯茶 I would love to go 我想去 11 had better V 原 表示 最好 否定句 You d better put on your coat It s very cold outside 你最好穿上大衣 外面很冷 You d better not go 你最好不要去 12 Will Could Would you please 不带 to 的不定式 表示请求 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗 13 Why not do sth 他为什么不去学校呢 14 How about What about 去爬山怎么样 第 18 页 共 21 页 Part VI Homework 一 单项选择 1 Would you please tell me next Think it over You ll find a good way A when to doB how to doC what to do 2 His parents often encourage him hard A workB workingC to work 3 Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot him for his telephone number A askB askingC to ask 4 You should speak louder to make A everyone heard B yourself hearingC yourself heard 5 Tim was saw the building and go upstairs 第 19 页 共 21 页 A to enter B entered C entering 6 from the hill our school looks more beautiful A Seeing B To see C Seen 2 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 The poor girl was made leave school by her father s death 2 It s too cloudy and seemed rain The farmers had to hurry home 3 Where are the children They are busy pull up weeds in the garden 4 We had a hard time get to the top of Mount Tai 5 Mike wasn t tall enough reach the clock on the wall 6 see from the mountain the city looks more beautiful 三 补全对话 一空一词 Host Hi Erin Thanks for 1 Teen Talk109 1 FM What s the problem Erin Well see I always wear fashionable clothes and I have a really neat haircut Host Yes Erin It s my friend Jasmine She buys the same clothes as I do and she even gets the same haircut She copies 2 I do I want to be original I want to have my own clothes and my own haircut Host I think you should be happy that your friend likes your clothes and haircut I don t think you have a 3 Erin That s an interesting opinion Thank you Host OK We have time for one 4 person Mary is on the line Host Hi Mary You 5 unhappy What s the matter Mary My father is smoking more 6 Host Really You should advise him to give up smoking Smoking is bad for his health Mary You are right Smoking is a bad habit 第 20 页 共 21 页 Host Is it just a habit In fact people who smoke are 7 killing themselves Mary I couldn t agree more Smoking can cause many 8 in particular lung cancer so I m worried about my father s health Host Does your father know this Mary I m not sure Maybe he doesn t Host You ought to tell him I read 9 the newspaper that tens of thousands of people in the world die from smoking every day Mary You can t be serious Is it true Host That s what the paper said What s more smokers can hurt not only themselves but also their families Mary You must be joking I m not sure I can believe that Host Scientists have already 10 that passive smokers are in as much danger as smokers are Mary That s terrible I must give my father a good lesson about smoking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 四 12 选 10 In our discussion with people on how education can help them 1 in life a woman remembered the first meet