高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题05 动词和动词短语（含解析）1.doc

专题05 动词和动词短语动词和动词短语的含义之多会令考生感到无所适从，高考常涉及对熟词新义的考查，对考生提出了新的要求，也体现了课本与高考的差距。因此在学习过程中，我们一定要做到：1对词汇短语的学习不应局限于课本所出现的含义，要注意一词多义以及从本义向引申义的扩展。2平时要留心积累。处处留心皆学问，要善于从熟悉的单词或短语中发现“风景”。3要备有一本实用的词典，最好是英汉双解的，并做到“勤查广记”，争取做到“磨出一手老茧，翻烂一本词典”。4注意词的各种含义间的渗透和连贯。 该部分常考的命题形式：(1)动词词义的辨析(2)动词短语的用法及区别，常考的形式有：同一动词不同介词/副词不同动词同一介词/副词兼而有之(3)单个动词与短语动词放在一起的具体运用(4)动词或动词短语后的结构，以及由动词构成的习语和惯用法热点题型一 几组常见动词的辨析 例1、 Emergency line operators must always_ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.AgrowBappearCbecome Dstay【答案】D【解析】grow逐渐变得；appear(表面上)好像；become变成，成为；stay维持(状态)。句意：急救中心的接线员必须保持冷静，并且确保他们得到所需的所有信息来施救。【提分秘籍】1表示转变的系动词是指表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果的系动词。这类系动词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，fall，come，prove等。使用时要注意：(1)become，get，grow，turn，go都可作“变”解，但有细微的差别：become，get通常表示变化后的最终结果，可指向好的方面转变，也可指向坏的方面转变；get比较口语化，become还可接名词(可与冠词连用)；grow强调逐渐变化的过程；turn后接单数名词，并不可与冠词连用；go多指向坏的方面转变，可能是永久性的或难以扭转的。如：It becomes clear that people who snore always fall asleep first.事实已清楚，打呼噜的人总是先睡着。Potatoes are going bad in the soil because of such bad weather.由于坏天气，马铃薯烂在地里了。He has turned traitor to his motherland.他成了祖国的叛徒。As its population grows larger，the world seems to grow smaller.随着人口的增多，世界似乎在逐渐变小。(2)注意这类系动词的固定搭配：go：go bad(变坏，烂掉)；go wrong(出毛病)；go hungry(挨饿)；go mad(发疯)；go hard(变硬)；go red/white/blue(变红/白/青)fall：fall ill(病倒)；fall asleep(睡着)；fall silent(沉默下来)；fall due(到期)；fall short of(不够；达不到)come：come true(实现)；come short(变短)；come alive(变活)；come easy(变容易)；come right(好起来)(3)get后常接动词的过去分词作表语，表示“变得”，含有被动意义。如：get burnt(被烧伤/烫着)；get broken(破了)；get caught in the rain(被雨淋湿)；get drowned(被淹死)；get damaged(遭到破坏)；get painted(被漆)；get robbed(遭到抢劫)；get paid(取得报酬)；get lost(迷路了)；get hurt(受伤了)；get drunk(喝醉了)；get killed(丧命)；get married(结婚)；get excited(激动)2appear，seem，look “看起来像，似乎是”三个词都可用作系动词(1)appear强调外观上给人某种印象，常常含有实质上并非如此的意思。(2)seem暗示是有一定根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实，含有说话人运用思维的意味。(3)look指凭视觉作出的判断，但含有较多的真实性。另外，appear和seem除常用形容词、名词作表语外，还常接动词不定式。He appears quite old，though he was only in his twenties.尽管他才二十几岁，但他却显得很老。(但实际上并不老)He taught me English twenty years ago and now he seems quite old.二十年前他教我们英语，他现在似乎老了。(可能他的确很老)After ten years of hard work，she looks quite old.经历了十年的风风雨雨，她看上去很老。(面容看上去很老，实际上可能就很老。)3advise，persuade，recommend，suggest “建议”(1)advise是一般用词，指某人以自己的切身体验提出有益的良言，以免发生意外，不强调是否成功；后面可接动名词或不定式作补足语，也可接从句，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气。(2)persuade意为“劝说，说服”，强调劝说成功，常用于persuade sb. to do sth.或persuade sb. into doing sth.。(3)recommend表示“劝告”，与advise同义，常与advise换用。(4)suggest语气较为委婉，指提出建议、计划、想法，让别人去思考、去做，但比较踌躇，而且也不竭力坚持；后接动名词或从句，从句要用虚拟语气。Though the doctor advised him to give up drinking，he wasnt able to persuade him to do so.虽然医生告诫他不要喝酒，但他不能说服他这样做。I advise leaving early/that you(should)leave early.我劝你早点离开。He recommends/advises wearing safety equipment.他建议配备安全装备。He suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing.他建议去长城春游。4affect，effect，influence “影响”(1)affect强调某事物对另一事物或人的客观影响，其宾语是人时，通常指感情或智力的影响。(2)effect在词形上容易与affect混淆。作名词用时，着重指影响所产生的结果、效果等；作动词用时，意为“引起、 产生、实现、完成”。(3)influence指对某人的思想、观念、心理、情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响，或对某人的决定、行为造成某种程度的影响，也可指某种自然的影响。可用作名词或动词。Roses mother died last night.露丝的妈妈昨天晚上去世了。No wonder her spirits have been affected greatly.难怪她的情绪受到那么大的影响。The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。Dont let me influence your viewpoints.不要让我影响你的观点。5afford，charge，cost，spend，pay，take “花费时间或金钱”(1)afford指有经济条件或时间做某事，常与can，could或be able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。(2)charge意为“讨价，收费，索取”，指卖方要价或索取费用，常与for连用。如：Do you charge for the use of the office telephone at offduty time?下班时间打办公电话你们收费吗？(3)cost表示“值多少钱，花费”，指需要付出的代价。cost的搭配范围广，可接表示时间、金钱、精力、生命等的词。如：Doing that costs much time and labour.做那件事要花很多时间和劳力。(4)spend表示“花费(钱财或时间)”；其基本句式为：sb. spend some time/money(in)doing sth.或sb. spend some time/money on sth.。(5)pay表示“花费钱财”，其基本句式是：sb. pay some money for sth.或sb. pay sb. sth.。(6)take作“花费”讲时，其基本句式为：It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.。6admit，allow，permit，let，promise“允许，许可”(1)admit意为“允许进入，接受(纳)”，为及物动词，常和介词to，into连用。(2)allow是日常用语，语气比permit弱，有听从、默许、不加阻止之意，含有消极的意味；常用于allow sb. to do sth.和allow doing sth.结构。allow还可用来表示客气的请求。如：Will you allow me to sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗？(3)permit意为“允许”，语气较强，强调“正式认可，批准”的意思，含有积极的意味。如：Women are not permitted to vote in that country.在那个国家妇女不准参加选举。(4)let用于非正式场合，听起来显得亲切、随便，但没有permit和allow客气、郑重。let不能用于被动语态，其后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。(5)promise作“答应，允诺”解，指主语答应要做某事。如：I requested my father to buy me a computer for my study and he promised me to do it and allowed me to surf the Internet for the resources of my study.我请求老爸给我买台电脑供我学习，他就答应给我买一台并且允许我上网查学习资料。【举一反三】 William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to_.Adisappear BfallCfail Ddamage【答案】C热点题型二 动词短语例2、 You cant predict everything. Often things dont _as you expect.A. run out B. break outC. work out D. put out【答案】C【解析】句意：你不可能预知一切。事情的结果往往不是你期望的那样。根据句意可知答案为C项work out，这里意思是“结果是，最终是”。A项“用光，耗尽”；B项“(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发”；D项“熄灭，出版，生产”。【提分秘籍】 英语中有许多与动词搭配构成的动词短语，是高考必考的内容，往往会出现在单项填空和完形填空中，在命题时，它往往会超出中学教材所体现的意思而往纵向延伸，这就要求我们在平时学习过程中要用心，在阅读过程中有意识地体会动词短语在具体语境中的语义，加深对它们的语言感悟能力。更应加强对常用动词所构成的短语的运用。下面是高考常考动词短语的归纳。1bringbring about引起，导致bring back把送回；使想起；恢复bring down降低；击落bring in引进；挣得bring out使展现；阐明；出版bring up养育，培养；呕吐；提出2breakbreak away(from)挣脱；脱离；甩掉break down崩溃，瓦解；失败；(化学)分解；失去理智；出故障；累垮break in破门而入；打断(谈话)；插嘴break into强行闯入；突然发出或开始break off折断；中断；(中途停下)休息break out(战争、疫病、火灾等)爆发break through取得突破；冲破break up打碎；大学放假；(物理)分解；分开；结束；分裂；绝交3callcall at访问(地点)call back回电话；召回call for去取；去接；要求；需要call in请来；召集call off叫走；取消call on拜访(人)；号召call out大声叫喊call up打电话4carrycarry on继续，坚持carry out执行；实施carry through帮助渡过难关；完成，实现5comecome about发生come across偶遇；被理解come along一起来come back回来；反驳come on发展；来吧，快点，加油come out出现；出版(不接宾语)；泄露；开花；为人所知come to总计；来到come true变为现实(不接宾语)come up提出(不接宾语)；长出地面；即将发生；升起come up with找到(答案)；拿出；提出(接宾语)6cutcut down砍倒；削减；压缩cut in插入；插话；插队cut off切断；断绝；停止(供应)cut out删除cut up切碎7diedie away渐弱die down熄灭；平静下来die from因(外部原因)死亡die of因(病)死亡die out灭绝；绝种be dying to do sth.迫切想做某事8getget about四处走动；传开get across传达；使让人理解get along/on(with)进展，相处get away逃脱，设法离开get back恢复；回来；收回get down记下；下来；下车；使忧愁get down to(介词)开始认真干get in收割；进入；被录取get off出发；下车get on上车get out泄露；逃离get over克服，成功应付；复原get through接通；通过；完成get together聚会；收集get up起床；组织，筹划9givegive away露马脚；泄露；颁发；赠送；捐赠give back归还；使恢复give in屈服；呈交；让步give off发出，放出(气味、光、热等)give out用尽，耗尽；分发；公布，发表；发出(光、热等)give up放弃10gogo against违背；与不符；对不利go ahead进行go away走开；消失go by过去go for去取来或接来；争取得到go in for爱好；参加；从事go on继续；发生go out出去；熄灭；过时go over复习；仔细审查；走过去go through通过；仔细检查；用完；经历go without勉强应付，没有也行11holdhold back隐瞒；阻碍；犹豫；控制(情感)hold off拖延；(雨雪等)迟迟不来hold on别挂断；坚持hold on to保留；抓住不放hold out维持hold to抓紧；坚持hold up举起；阻滞；支撑12keepkeep away(from)使远离keep back扣除，保留；隐瞒keep off避开；不接近keep on继续keep out挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近keep up保持，不低落；持续，继续keep up with跟上13looklook about环顾look after照看look ahead向前看look back回忆，回顾look down upon看不起look for寻找look forward to(介词)盼望look into调查look on旁观look out当心；找出；朝外看look over检阅，检查look round回头看；边走边看，观光look through翻阅，浏览；仔细看；温习；看穿；彻底审查look up向上看；查阅；(形势)好转；看望look up to尊敬14makemake from由制成make into制成；使成为make of用制成；理解；看待，对待make out辨认出；制定出make out of由制成make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；补齐，凑足；准备，布置make up for补偿，弥补make up of由构成15pickpick out挑出；区别出，分辨出pick up拿起，捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收(节目)；(开车)去接；(顺便)捎带16putput aside放在一边put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处；储蓄；放弃put back放回原处；拨回；阻碍；推迟put down踩下；停车下人；平定，镇压；记下put forward提出(计划、建议)；拨快；提前put in插嘴；安装；花费put off延期；推诿，闪避put on穿戴；假装；安排；上映put out扑灭；生产；发表put up提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布put up with容忍【举一反三】 To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test.A. go over B. get overC. turn over D. take over【答案】A【解析】句意：为了取得更好的成绩，你应在考试前再复习一下笔记。go over复习；get over克服；turn over翻转；take over接管。根据句意选A项。热点题型三 两种常考易错的动词 例3 The girl _ in bed _ to us that she had _ the book on the bookshelf.A. lay; lied; lay B. lying; lay; laidC. lying; lied; laid D. lied; lied; laid【答案】C【提分秘籍】 1几组拼写形式相同或相似的动词(1)fallfellfallen(跌倒)；failfailedfailed(失败)；feelfeltfelt(感觉，触摸)。如：The boy fell off his bike and hurt his leg.这男孩从自行车上掉下来，伤了腿。(2)findfoundfound(发现)；foundfoundedfounded(建立，成立)。如：When was the Communist Party of China founded?中国共产党是什么时候成立的？(3)hanghangedhanged(绞死)；hanghunghung(悬挂)。如：The shop windows were hung with colorful decorations and signs.商店的橱窗上挂满了五颜六色的饰物和招牌。(4)laylaidlaid(放置)；lieliedlied(说谎)；lielaylain(位于；躺)。(5)raise(vt.提高，升起)；rise(vi.上升)；arise(vi.出现，发生，起因于)。如：The sun rises in the east.日出东方。2易被错用为不及物动词的及物动词addressaddress to (); approachapproach with ()；enterenter into () ；marrymarry to/with (); reachreach to (); salutesalute to (); fitfit with ()；matchmatch with (); gathergather with () ；forgiveforgive for() ；serveserve for/with() 。【举一反三】 The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never _ with criminals.”Anegotiate BquarrelCargue Dconsult【答案】A 【2016江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have_thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.A.fallen offB.taken offC.turned offD.left off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。【考点】考查动词短语辨析【2016江苏】33.Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。【考点】考查短语辨析【2016天津】12. Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【考点】考查动词和短语。【2016浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。【考点】考查动词辨析。【2016浙江】14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that _my interest.A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。【考点】考查动词辨析。【2015浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split【答案】A【解析】句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为漂浮， B. drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split意为洒出。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。【2015浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across【答案】B【2015浙江】5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download【答案】C【解析】句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。.【2015天津】10. Tom had to_ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn inB. turn downC. turn overD. turn to【答案】B【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。【2015天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, youd better_ your doctor at once.A. convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A. convince 说服；B. consult咨询； C. avoid 避免；D. affect影响。根据句意可知选B。【2015天津】14 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring【答案】B【解析】句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。【2015陕西】25. Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up【答案】A【解析】句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up加起来； break up结束；分解。所以选A。【2015福建】25.It is said that body language55 per cent of a first impression w-hile what you say just 7 per cent.A. lies inB. accounts forC. consists ofD. goes with【答案】B【2015江苏】29.The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on【答案】C【解析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。【2015安徽】22.If you come to visit China, you will _ a culture of amazing depth and variety.A. developB. createC. substituteD. experience【答案】D【解析】句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。故选D。【2015湖北】23.The team are working hard to _ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze 【答案】D【解析】句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项“面对”；B项“阻止”；C项“提出，举起”；D项“分析”。故选D项。【2015湖北】24.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs.A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain【答案】B【解析】句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。故选B项。【2015湖北】25.There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up 【答案】C【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。【2015湖北】26.Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later.A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up 【答案】D【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。1. (2014江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to_the soul of Qu Yuan. (remember, remind, recover, recall)【答案】recall2. (2014大纲全国卷)Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she_it with hard work.(goes back on, takes away from, makes up for, catches up with)【答案】makes up for【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Caroline没有音乐天赋，但是她努力工作弥补了这一点。make up for“弥补，补偿”，符合句意。3. (2014江西卷)Anyway, were here now, so lets _ some serious work.(come up with, get down to, do away with, live up to)【答案】get down to【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管怎样，我们现在在这儿，因此让我们着手干点正事吧。get down to“着手”，符合句意。come up with“提出，赶上”；do away with“废除”；live up to“实践”。4. (2014江西卷)I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _ me.(convince, inform, guarantee, refuse)【答案】convince【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我不相信你说的话，但如果你能证明你的话正确，你可能会让我信服。convince表示“使信服”，符合句意。inform“通知”；guarantee“保证”；refuse“拒绝”。5. (2014湖北卷)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.(slipped, skied, signalled, sank)【答案】slipped6. (2014湖北卷)The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.(developed, established, observed, revised)【答案】revised【解析】本题结合动词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：旧规矩必须要改一改了，因为它们只适用于一百年前定这些规矩时存在的环境。revise意为“修正，改变”，符合语境。develop发展，培养；establish建立；observe观察，观测，遵守。7. (2014湖北卷)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to _.(get through, get off, get in, get along)【答案】get through【解析】本题结合get短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意：整个晚上我都一直在努力给查尔斯打电话，但肯定是网络出故障了，我似乎无法接通。get through可表示“设法联系上(尤指打通电话)”，符合语境。get off(从)下来，出发；get in进入，抵达，收获；get along进展，相处。8. (2014湖北卷)Is this your necklace, Mary？I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.(came across, dealt with, looked after, went for)【答案】came across9. (2014安徽卷)When the sports hero_at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.(turned up, left off, moved on, got away)【答案】turned up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。turn up“出现，露面”；leave off“停止”；move on“继续前进”；get away“逃离，离开”。句意：当那位体育英雄出现在我们的聚会上时，我们张开双臂欢迎他。因此填turned up。10. (2014安徽卷)Terry, please_your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.(look up from, look into, look back on, look through)【答案】look up from【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look up from“(在低头看某物时)抬头往上看”；look into“调查，往里看”；look back on“回顾，回忆”；look through“检查，看穿”。句意：Terry，祖母和你说话时，不要看你的手机。故选look up from。 1Jane laughs loudly and laughs a lot，which enables us to know her coming before she_Aturns up Bturns aroundCturns back Dturns away【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：Jane大笑并多次大笑，这使我们能够在她还没到时就知道她来了。turn up出现，露面；turn around转过身来，翻转；turn back 往回走，反悔；turn away不准进入。根据主句的loudly和a lot判断，是人未到声先闻。故选A。2Digital teaching has_our way of learning and excited us to focus in class.Aguaranteed BtransformedCevaluated Drevealed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：数字教学已经改变了我们学习的方式，让我们在课堂上集中注意力。guarantee保证；transform转换；evaluate估算；reveal暴露。根据题意选B。3I prefer a table that can be_when not used so that it may save a lot of space.Acleared up Bfolded upCfixed up Dtaken up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我喜欢不用的时候能够被折叠的桌子，这样它能节省许多空间。clear up清理，放晴，整理；fold up折叠；fix up安装；take up占用。根据so that的从句内容判断。故选B。4The plans got_in the approval process，so everyone had to stop and wait until the application forms came back from the ministry.Astruck BoccupiedCstuck Ddelivered【答案】C5Do you mind if I