教案词类句子的种类.doc

全方位教学辅导教案 学科：英语 任课教师： 授课时间：2013年1月20日 星期日姓 名 性 别男年 级初三总课时82小时 第七次课教 学内 容英语词、短语、句子简介教 学目 标通过学习英语词、短语、句子的概况的学习初步建立词类概念以及初步培养词类分析能力。学习句子的种类，初步了解英语的句子类型，理清英语学习的脉络，懂得语法学习的重要性，为进一步的学习打下基础。 重 点难 点重点：词类的作用难点：词语句子成分教学过程课前检查与交流作业完成情况：交流与沟通:针对性授课 英语词，短语，句子简介词法 ：词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、 时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。句法 ：句法研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律。一词（一）英语中共有十大词类，它们分别是：1_ 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2_ 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3_表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right。 . 4_ 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first. 5_ 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .6_ 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7_用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8_ 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9_ 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .10_表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 以上1-6 为实词（notional word）,有实义；7-10为虚词（form word），没有实意。英语词类的相关练习1. 根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： deep finger fly papers pass refuse size spoon delicious thick town map myself and on sheep Ship mine important an catch first laugh third leave here fly home round sing blind but eighth about bad yours child against ah with cinema Tuesday cheap advice two they able for say quickly if 2. 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 scientist singer conversation beautiful loudly famous Government dangerous instruction careful lively safeties national traditional illnesses wonderful competitions information Successful natural illnesses lovely really friendly usually yearly advertisement 3. 判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1、Mary dances well. 2 His father is reading. 3 Tom is looking for his watch. 4 He often plays violin after school. 5 Mr. Green works in a university. 6 The teacher taught us an English song. 7 I have bought this pen for two years. 8 Nothing can live without water. 9 You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 10 You cant agree with me . （2） 词类和句子成分的关系 在句子里，一定的句子成分由一定的词类来担任。句子成分：英语中主要有 主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表语七种句子成分。1)主语 它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。2)谓语 它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如I study English中的study。3)表语 它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student.Our classroom is clean( 4) 宾语 它是表示及物动词动作的对象的，如I study English . 介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如They dont work on Sunday. Beijing is the capital of our country.北京是我国的首都。 She is fond of sports.她爱好运动。5)定语 它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk 6)状语 它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如He works hard .词在句中的作用（成分）1.主语：名词和代词2.谓语动词：动词 My brother rides. his bicycle to work.我哥哥骑自行车上班。 3.表语：名词、代词和形容词His father is a doctor.他父亲是个医生。 The lesson is easy and Short.这课书又容易又短。 That classroom is ours，那个教室是我们的。 4.宾语：名词和代词I love music.我热爱音乐。( The medicine is good for her.这药对她有效。 5.定语：形容词Li Hong is an excellent teacher.李红是一位好老师。 6.状语：副词Our monitor does well in English.我们班长英语学得好。 英语句子成分基础练习 (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?二短语、从句和句子 （一）短语：具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词，叫做短语。短语在句子里可以单独作为一个句子成分。 ：a)不定式短语 如He 1ikes to read newspapers after lunch b)动名词短语 ：Staying indoors all day is unhealthy c)分词短语 如：I saw many people walking along the lake d)介词短语 如：He came by bus.（二）从句(clause)内含主语部分和谓语部分，表达一定的概念，但不成为一个独立句子的一组词，叫做从句。从句在句子里可以作为一个句子成分，一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分；a)主语从句 如What I want to say is this(我要说的是这么一点) b)表语从句 如This is what I want to say(这是我要说的) c)宾语从句 如I have said what I want to say(我说完了我要说的话) 。d)定语从句 如This is the thing I want to say(这就是我要说的) e)状语从句 如If you want to say something，say it clearly(假如你要说什么，就应说清楚) （三）句子概念：句子： 内含主语部分和谓语部分，有比较完整的意义的一组词，叫做句子。分类：有两种分类方法：1.从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：a)简单句：只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分，如： The peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。b)并列句 ：包括两个或两个以上的简单句，中间常由连词连接，如：Toms father worked from morning till night but he got very little money.汤姆的父亲从早干到晚，但挣得的钱很少。c)复合句 内含一个或一个以上的从句，如：Its a long time since I saw you last.好久没有看见你了。2.从说话人说话的目的来看，句子可分为：a)陈述句 用来叙述一件事，如：I saw him yesterday.昨天我看见他了。b)疑问句 用来提出疑问，如：Did you see him yesterday?你昨天见到他了吗?c)祈使句 表示请求、命令等，如：Please come in.请进来。d)感叹句 表示喜怒等各种情感，如：What a beautiful voice she has!她嗓子多好啊!三 词序 词序就是词或句子成分在句子中的排列顺序。英语里的词和句子成分在句子里的位置比较固定。现将句子成分和虚词在陈述句中的一般位置举例说明如下：1)主语的位置 在陈述句基本结构的最前面。如：We help each other.我们互相帮助。2)谓语动词的位置 在主语之后。如：We go to school every day.我们每天上学。3)表语的位置 在连系动词之后。如：Its fine today.今天天气很好。4)宾语的位置 在及物动词或介词之后。如：I like this place.我喜欢这个地方。(及物动词的宾语的位置)There are many trees in this place.这地方有许多树。(介词的宾语的位置)5)定语的位置 单词作定语，一般放在被修饰语的前面，短语和从句作定语则放在被修饰语的后面。如：The school library has many books on agriculture.校图书馆有许多关于农业的书 6)状语的位置 修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前；修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前，有的放在动词之后。如动词有宾语，状语一般须放在宾语之后。如：The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。 I know him well.我十分了解他。 The students often go on a picnic.这些学生经常出去野餐。 We take exercise every day.我们每天都运动。 7)冠词的位置 冠词在名词之前。如：I met a friend at the bus-stop.我在公共汽车站遇到一位朋友。8)介词的位置 介词一般也放在名词或代词之前。如：There is a map of China on the wall.墙上有一幅中国地图。9)连词的位置 连词一般放在同类的词、短语或从句之间。如：They worked qu