2017高一英语定语从句讲解

1 定语从句讲解定语从句讲解 1 定语从句 复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable Those who work hard will make progress 2 先行词先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 3 关系词关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 1 关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 when where why 等 2 关系词通常有下列三个作用 A 引导引导定语从句 B 代替代替先行词 C 在定语从句中担当一个成分成分 例如 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 该句 who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句 修饰先行词 the man who 是引导定语从句的关系词 代替先行词 the man 在定语从句中作主语 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中做宾语 常可省略 The professor whom you are waiting for has come 你正在等的教授已经来了 The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替 也可省略 但直接介词后只用 whom 不可省略 The man whom who you met just now is my old friend The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend whom 不可省略 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时常可省略 或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句 Football is a game which is liked by most boys This is the pen which he bought yesterday He failed the exam again which made his father angry 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 The number of people that who come to visit this city each year reaches one million Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿 Yesterday I received a letter that which came from Australia 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语定语 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里 注意 指物时 常用下列结构来代替 We live in a house windows face the sea We live in a house the windows face the sea We live in a house the windows face the sea We live in a beautiful house and the windows face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow 三 三 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school in which he once studied is very famous 他曾经就读过的学校很出名 This is the boy whom who that I played tennis with yesterday This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions 注意 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of 等 2 This is the watch which that I am looking for 正 这是我正在找的手表 This is the watch for which I am looking 误 The babies whom who that the nurse is looking after are very healthy 正 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy 误 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只可用 whom 不可用 who that 关系代词指物时只可用 which 不 可用 that 关系代词是所有格时用 whose The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour 正 The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbour 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable 正 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable 误 介词 关系代词 前还可有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等代词或者数词 如 He loves his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad Up to now he has written ten stories three of which are about country life 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school The time when we got together finally arrived 我们团聚的时刻终于到了 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born 上海是我出生的城市 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 请告诉我你误机的原因 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快 注意 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 如 Great changes are taking place in the city where in which they live The reason why for which he refused the invitation is quite clear 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号 与主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语 如删除 主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 译法上 译成先行词的定语 的 关系词的使用上 A 作宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C 可用 who 代替 whom 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上 用逗号 与主句隔开 意义上 只是对先行词的补充说明 如删除 主句仍能表达完整的意思 译法上 通常译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 A 不可省略 B 不用 that C 不可用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例 The teacher told me that Tom was the person that who whom I could depend on China is a country which that has a long history 中国是一个历史悠久的国家 非限制性定语从句举例 His mother who 不用 that loves him very much is strict with him China which 不用 that was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful I visited the People s Great Hall in which many important meetings are held every year 使用定语从句须注意的几个问题使用定语从句须注意的几个问题 一 限制性定语从句中只能用 一 限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况 1 当先行词是 everything anything nothing something 除外 all none few little some 等不定代词时 或当先行词 3 受 every any all some no little few much 等代词修饰时 如 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗 All that can be done has been done 所有能做的都做好了 There is little that I can do for you 我不能为你干什么 He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可用关系代词 who 如 Any man that who has a sense of duty won t do such a thing All the guests that who were invited to her wedding were important people 2 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 如 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben This is the best film that I have ever seen 这是我看过的最好的电影 3 当先行词被 the very the only the last 修饰时 如 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy 这正是我要买的词典 After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing that he owns 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可用关系代词 who 如 Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting 4 当先行词前面有 who which 等疑问代词时 如 Who is the man that is standing by the gate 站在门口的那个人是谁 Which is the T shirt that fits me most 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身 5 当先行词既有人又有物时 如 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street 另外 1 直接介词后只用 which whom 作定语可用 whose 不用 who 和 that 2 that 不引导非限制定语从句 3 that 和和 who 都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用 who 先行词为先行词为 all anyone one ones 等时 如 等时 如 All who heard the news were excited 先行词为先行词为 those he 和和 people 时 如 时 如 Those who want to go please sign your names here He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man 2 关系代词关系代词 as 和和 which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时 其用法有相同之处 也有不同之处 具体情况是 1 as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语 代表前面整个句子 如 He married her as which was natural 他跟她结婚了 这是很自然的事 He is honest as which we can see 他很诚实 这一点我们看得出来 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前 主句之后 甚至还可以分割主句 which 引导的非限制性定语 从句只可放在主句之后 另外 as 常常有 正如 正像 的含义 用于一些固定结构 如 as anybody can see 正如 人人都能看到的那样 as is well known as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所说 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 As 不用 which is known to all China is a developing country He is from the south as 可用 which we can know from his accent John as you know is a famous writer 正如你所知 约翰是个著名作家 Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往只用当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往只用 which 如 Tom was late for school again and again which 不用 as made his teacher very angry These tables are made of metal which made them very heavy 4 3 当先行词受当先行词受 such the same as 修饰时 关系词常用修饰时 关系词常用 as 如 I ve never heard such stories as he tells 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事 He is not such a fool as he looks 他可不象他看上去的那样傻 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样 注意 当先行词受 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但与 as 引导的定语从句意思有区别 如 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一同一条连衣裙 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的同样的同样的连衣裙 三三 以以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句为先行词的限制性定语从句做状语做状语时通常由时通常由 in which 或或 that 引导 而且通常可以省略 如 引导 而且通常可以省略 如 The way that in which he answered the questions was surprising I don t like the way that in which you laugh at her 我不喜欢你冲她的样子 但 The way he explained to us was not practical 4 关系代词与关系副词的选择关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用 即所担当的成分 试比较 A I know a place we can have a picnic 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方 I know a place is famous for its beautiful natural scenery B I will never forget the days we spent our holidays together I will never forget the days we spent together 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子 C This is the reason he was dismissed 这就是他被解雇的原因 This is the reason he explained to me for his not attending the meeting 附加内容附加内容 五 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 五 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1 定语从句修饰限定先行词 它对先行词修饰限制修饰限制 同位语从句解释先行词的具体内容 它对先行词解释说明解释说明 The plane that has just taken off is for Paris 从句 The fact that he has already died is quite clear 从句 2 定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分担当相应的句子成分 关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略 同位语从句主要由连 词 that 引导时 在从句中一般不担当成分一般不担当成分 有时也由 where when how who whether what 等连词引导 这些连词 则在从句中担当成分 The news that he has just died is true 从句 他刚刚去世了 这个消息是真的 The news that he told me is true 从句 他告诉我的消息是真的 The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve 从句 The question that he raised puzzled all of us 从句 他提出的问题让我们很为难 The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer 从句 3 同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个表语从句 而定语从句则不能 如 A The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful 同位语从句 The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice B Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals 同位语从句 The problem is how we can protect the wild animals 六 六 定语从句与状语从句 强调句型等的区别及须区分的几点 1 He is such a good student we all like 从句 He is such a good student we all like him 从句 2 This is the house we lived in 5 years ago 从句 Put a mark you have questions 从句 A where B in which C which D on which 3 It is the street I lost my bike It is in the street I lost my bike It was 8 o clock I went home It was at 8 o clock I went home 4 Is this the book you are looking for Is the book you are looking for 5 A that B who C the one D for which 5 Tom is one of the students who been admitted to Beijing University 定语从句主谓一致 Tom is the one of the students who been admitted to Beijing University Those who against the plan put up your hands 6 The earth is round we all know is known to all the earth is round is known to all that the earth is round is known to all is that the earth is round 7 当先行词为 time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词 that 或省略 如 This is the first time that the president has visited the country It is time that you get up 定语从句定语从句 1 This is the best factory we visited last year A where B which C in which D that 2 Is this the factory computers are built A that B which C in which D in that 3 Please pass me the dictionary cover is red A whose B its C which D which of 4 The man has arrived A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 5 Do you know the comrade we are talking A to whom B to who C whom D to that 6 They visited the house the great writer was born A from where B in which C which D in where 7 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is my teacher A whom B which C who D whose 8 He asked us to watch carefully everything he did in class A who B that C what D where 9 I ll visit the professor tomorrow he will be back from Shanghai A who B that C when D which 10 The school I study is a new one A on which B at where C on that D at which 11 China has many islands the largest is Taiwan A in which B at which C which D of which 12 The city my mother grew up is not far from here A what B where C that D which 13 Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north A which B his C that D whose 14 Do you know the man your father nodded A whom B to whom C to who D about whom 15 Wrestling is a sport in people easily get hurt A that B when C which D what 16 I told you I know A all that B all which C all what D all whom 17 China has a lot of famous writers one is Lu Xun A of which B of whom C of who D of them 18 Is this factory we visited last year A in which B around that C whom D the one 19 Who is the man was there 6 A who B which C that D whom 20 Is there anything I can do for you sir A that B which C whose D who 21 I still remember the day she first wore that green dress A which B in which C on that D on which 22 The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp A with which B with it C with that D which 23 The games the young men competed in were difficult A in which B which C it D who 24 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 25 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 定语从句答案 1 5DCADA 6 10 BCBCD 11 15 DBDBC 16 20 ABDCA 21 25 DABBA 用适当的词填空 1 The boys are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way 3 Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus 4 Mr