城市轨道交通专业英语 课程教案(第6周3—4节)

城市轨道交通专业英语 课程教案 第 6 周 3 4 节 授课题目 Unit 2 Knowledge of Traffic Lesson 5 Rail Transit 下 授课类型 讲授型 教学目标 Master the related knowledge of Rail Transit 重 点 2 Heavy Rail Transit 下 3 Commuter Railroads 难 点 Thus overall door to door travel times for urban trips up to perhaps 10mile 16km may be in the same range as those provided on fully grade separated urban rapid transit facilities Up to 一直到 等于 same as 与什么一样 本句中 those 代指前句中的 travel times provided on fully grade separated urban rapid transit facilities 修饰 those 说明谁花费的时间 教学过程 结合同学们对城市轨道运输的认知程度 根据教材详细讲述 重轨运输 下半部分内容 和市郊运输等相关知识以及文中 生词 短语 及语法结构 作 业 1 New Words and Expressions 2 Notes on the text 主 要 教 学 内 容 2 Heavy Rail Transit 重轨运输 下 Therefore it is generally feasible only in outlying areas where land or in freeway medians where the cost of land and grade separations can be shared with highway project 因此这种形式通常只在地价 便宜的外围地区才是可行的 或在高速公路的中央分隔带上 修建 因为这时土地和立交的成本可以分摊于公路工程项目 Elevated construction costs are perhaps twice as much as for facilities at grade but the land below can be used for a street for parking or industrial uses or even for linear parks 高架结构的造价大约是 地面工程的两倍 但高架结构的下部空间可以用作街道 停 车或工业用地甚至可以作为带状公园 HART in Albany and El Cerrito CA is an example of the latter 旧金山海湾地区的快速运输系统使是后者的一 个例子 In densely built up areas including CBDs the adverse impacts of noise and reduction of daylight militate against elevated construction 在建筑密度大 的地区 包括中心商业区在内 噪声以及日照减少的不利因 素会对高架结构产生不利影响 A doubling or even tripling of costs occurs if underground alignments are considered 如果考虑用地下 方案 造价将会是两倍或三倍 However land costs are minimized by the use of street rights of way easements under private property instead of outright purchase and development of air rights over those parcels which must be acquired 但是 由于采用街道通行权 不直接购 买上地而是利用私人上地的通行权以及开发那蚱必须获得的 小地区的领空权等办法 土地造价会降到最低 Environmental deterioration is minimized although it must be recognized that underground travel is as attractive to passengers as moving in daylight 虽然 必须承认地下乘车出行对乘客来说并不像地上乘车出行那样 具有吸引力 但地下乘车出行将会使环境的恶化程度降低 Art determines the need for crossovers and storage tracks 运营分析将决定是否有必要修建天桥和备 用轨道 The former are needed primarily for track maintenance purposes while the latter provide for turning trains back short the end of the line or for storing disabled vehicles 其中前者主要是供 检修轨道使用 后者则供车辆在路线終点倒车或停放不能 行驶的车辆用 3 Commuter Railroads 市郊运输 In some large metropolitan arras such as New York London Paris and Tokyo a large burden of urban transportation is borne by intercity railroads 在一蚱国际大都市 如纽约 伦敦 巴黎和 东京 城市交通的大部分是由城市间的轨道运输来承担的 Many of the lines involved were located for intercity travel and in generating urban land uses along their corridors found themselves serving increasing numbers of local trips 许多为城市间通行 而设置的轨道路线 在其沿线的土地上兴起了新的城市 致使利用轨道运输去当地旅行的数量也日益增加 Up to about 1920 some railroads added in the suburbs where they found sufficient demand 到大约四 20 年为止 山于大量的交通需求 市郊的一 铁路线路 持续增加 However since that time many railroads have been abandoned because Of the high costs d railroad operation and reluctance by management to allow long distance passengers and freight customers to subsidize urban transportation 然而 从那时开始 由于铁路运营费用过高以及不愿通过管理手段向长途乘 客和货主征收城市交通补贴 许多线路已经被废弃 Originally railroads were usually laid out at grade with level highway crossings 起初 铁路通常铺设在 地面上 与公路平面交叉 In some cities such crossing were eliminated later by changing grade of the railroad therefore providing it with a fully exclusive right of way 后 来 通过调整轨道的坡度 这种形式的交叉在一些城市 被取消 因此 轨道运输就具有了专用通行权 Passenger operation was however still sharing this facility With freight movements 但是 客运仍然与货 运共同使用此种运输设施 A major problem of urban railroad services is the location of the terminals 确定终点站的位置是城市轨道 的一个主要问题 There is almost always only one downtown access point per corridor and this is often located at the edge of or outside the CBD 每条交通走廊通常只有一个 进人中心区的站点 它一般设置在中心商业区的边缘或以 外地区 Typically it is a stub terminal with inherent limitations to the number of train movements that can be handled per hour 通常情况下 这类站点一般 都是次终点站 它们对每小时能通过的车辆数有固定的限 制 In some cities with extensive electrified suburban lines such as Brussels Munich Hamburg and most recently Philadelphia these drawbacks have been overcome by connecting terminals located on opposite sides of the CBD with underground tracks and one or more intermediate stations for direct access to the city center 为了可以直接进人市中心区 一些郊区电 气化线路遍布的城市 如布鲁塞尔 慕尼黑 汉堡以及 最近的是费城 已经将位于中心商业区四周的终点用地下 轨道以及一个或几个中间站点连接起来以便直接进人市中心 从而克服了上述缺点 Capacity is increased because trains no longer need to be reversed at crowded terminals 由于车辆不需要 在拥挤的终点站调头 使通行能力得到了提高 In Paris suburban rail lines were diverted before reaching their old terminals into a new network of lines across the inner city 在巴黎 郊区的铁路线 在到达旧的终点站之前 转向进人经过城市内部的新的铁 路线网 Th