高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 情态动词总结情态动词总结 I I 情态动词的特征 情态动词的特征 1 本身有词义 2 不能独立作谓语 2 后接动词原形一起构成谓语 3 不随人称和数的变化 IIII 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法 1 1 cancan 与与 couldcould 用法用法 对比点 can could 1 表 能力 Can you lift this heavy box I couldn t understand what he said at all 2 表 许可 You can use a different material instead He said I could borrow his bike 3 怀疑 No no it can t be true What on earth can this mean We thought the story could not be true How could you be so careless 4 can 与 be able to 区别 1 could 代替 can 表示语气更为婉转 Eg Could I use your bike Yes you can 2 can 能够 be able to 仅表能力时 但 be able to 表示一番努力 后 才能做得到 且有更多的时态 2 may2 may 与与 mightmight 用法用法 对比点 maymight 1 表 询问 May I Can I Might I Could I 但比用 may 更客气 2 表 允许 You may take the boy there He told me he might come might 与 told 相呼应 3 表 可能 或许 She may nor like this place I m afraid he might not like this play 注 1 May I 的答语 2 may 可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed 3 may might 用于目的状语从 句 肯定 Yes you may 否定 No you mustn t 不行 语气强硬 No No youyou maymay notnot 或或 No No youyou d d betterbetter not not The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once 3 3 mustmust 与与 havehave toto 用法用法 对比点 musthave to 1 表 必须 主观看法 必须 没有过去式 可用于间接引语中 He told me I must do according to what he said 客观需要 不得不 有多种时态 It s raining heavily we can t go now 2 疑问句 Must I Yes you must 一定 No you needn t you don t Do you have to go today Yes we do You don t have to worry about 精品文档 2欢迎下载 have to 不必 that 4 4 needneed 与与 daredare 用法用法 对比点 needdare 1 情态 v 动 词原形 1 否定式 2 疑问式 He need not needn t go Need we do it again No you needn t do it again He dare not say so Dare she go out alone at night How dare you say I m unfair If he dare do that he ll be punished I dare say 固定用法 2 实义 v to do 1 肯定式 2 否定式 3 疑问式 He needs to go He doesn t does not need to go Does he need to do it again No he doesn t need ot do it again He dares to say He does not doesn t dare to say If you dare to jump into the water from here so dare I 3 did not need to do 表 示过去没必要 做 She didn t need to attend the meeting yesterday and she stayed with her children 她没有参加 5 5 shouldshould 与与 oughtought toto 用法用法 对比点 shouldought to 1 表 应该 表劝告 建议 You should listen to the doctor s advice We should learn from Zhang Hua 有责任有必要 做某事 You ought to finish your work before you go home We ought to help each other 2 表 估计 They should get home by now 非常可能 的事 可译为 总应该 If we start to work right now we ought to finish it before lunch 注注 1 should 还可在虚拟语气中的使用 2 注意 ought to 的疑问式及否定式 Ought he to go Yes I think he ought to No he oughtn t to 否定式 oughtn t to do 不说 ought to not do 反疑问句 oughtn t 6 6 shallshall 与与 willwill 用法用法 shallwill 1 征询对方意见或请求指示 用于第一 三人称 Shall I we Shall he she Where shall I we wait for you 1 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求 Will you please Won t you Would you like to would 替代 will 更客气 Won t you go and see the film 你不去看 电影吗 Yes I think I will 不 我 想去 2 表示说话人的 意愿 有 命令 警2 表示 意志 意愿 用于各种人称 精品文档 3欢迎下载 告 强制 允诺 决心 等 用于第二 三人称 You shall do what I tell you to do 我叫你干什么你就干什么 Everything shall be done to save the ship 一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船 I won t do anything you don t like 我不会做任何你不喜欢的事 Would 表示过去时间的 意志 意愿 Shylock would not take the money earlier 夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的 7 7 usedused toto 与与 wouldwould 用法用法 used towould 1 表示过去的动作 状态 重在与现在情 况的对比 不一定要有时间状语 I used to play cards a lot but now I seldom play My hometown is not what it used to be 1 只表示过去动作的重复 有明确的时间 状语 I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when I was in the middle school 2 would 后只接表动作的动词 不接表认 识或状态动词 He usedused toto bebe nervous in the exam 2 表示过去的习惯有时可互换 When we were very young we used to would go skating every winter 3 表示过去的次数时 不能使用 We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young X X We usedused toto go wouldwould go to the Great Wall five times when we were young 注 注 used to do 的否定式 usedn t to do 或 didn t use to do usedn t 也可写作 usen t 疑问式 Did you use to do Didn t you use to do Used you to do Usedn t you to do IIII 情态动词表推测 情态动词表推测 1 1 大多数情态动词 除表大多数情态动词 除表 能力 许可 意志能力 许可 意志 外 外 都可以表示推测 其程度有差异 都可以表示推测 其程度有差异 按可能性程度的高低排列为 must will would ought to should 完全肯定 完全可能 很可能 can could may might 可能 有可能 2 2 区分情态动词的否定含义 区分情态动词的否定含义 may not 或许不 可能不 might not 可能不 can t 不可能 mustn t 不许 禁止 shouldn t 不应该 needn t 不必 3 3 情态动词表推测具体运用 情态动词可以对现在 进行 过去推测 情态动词表推测具体运用 情态动词可以对现在 进行 过去推测 S 主 情态动词 be adj对 性质 特征 的推测 S 主 情态动词 be n对 职业 事物 的推测 S 主 情态动词 动词原形对经常性行为的推测 S 主 情态动词 be V ing对进行着的行为的推测 S 主 情态动词 have PP对过去的行为的推测 情态动词表推测时 1 can 只能用于否定句和疑问句 2 must 只能用于肯定句 它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了 3 如句中有情态动词 完成时 定是对过去的推测 4 句中如有表示不肯定的话语 E g I am not sure I don t know 之类 常选 may might 的各种形式 4 4 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式 精品文档 4欢迎下载 1 could have P P 表示本来能做到 但事实上没有做到 He could have finished the task on time but the heavy snow came 2 couldn t have P P 表示本来不能做到 但已经做到了 She could not have covered the whole distance but in fact she arrived ahead of time 3 needn t have P P 表示本不必做的 但已经做到了 She needn t have attended the meeting yesterday but she did 4 should ought to have P P 表示该做而没有做 The plant is dead I should ought to have given it more water 5 shouldn t oughtn t to have P P 表示不该做而做了 You oughtn t to shouldn t have taken her bike without permission 5 5 注意 注意 must 只能用于肯定句 它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了 1 must have P P 表示对过去肯定的推测 一定是 准是 The road is wet It must have rained yesterday 2 can have P P 表示对过去的推测 限于问句中 Can she have said so 他可能这样说吗 3 can t have P P 表示对过去的否定推测 He cannot have said such a foolish thing IIIIII 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句情态动词表推测的反意疑问句 1 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句 简单来说 就是以情态动词后的时态为淮 如句子里有明确的时间状语 则以 其为准 2 以 must 为例 E g 1 You must bebe hungry now arenaren t t you 2 He must bebe watchingwatching TVTV isnisn t t he 3 Tom must havehave livedlived her for a long time hasnhasn t t he 4 She must have arrived yesterdayyesterday didndidn t t she 注 如选择题中 以 She must have arrived yesterdayyesterday didndidn t t she 为例 既有 didn t she 又有 hasn t she 则以 didndidn t t she 为最佳答案 IVIV 情态动词专项练习与解析一情态动词专项练习与解析一 1 You return the book now You can keep it till next week if you like A can t B mustn t C needn t D may not 2 Where is my pen I it A might lose B would have lost C should have lost D must have lost 3 I wish I you yesterday A seen B did see C had seen D were to see 4 I didn t hear the phone I asleep A must be B must have been C should be D should have been 5 If my lawyer here last Saturday he me from going A had been would have prevented B had been would prevent C were would prevent D were would have prevented 6 He you more help even though he was very busy A might have given B might have C may have given D may give 7 If it for the snow we the mountain yesterday 精品文档 5欢迎下载 A were not could have climbed B were not could climb C had not been could have climbed D had not been could climb 8 Without electricity human life quite difficult today A is B will be C would have been D would be 9 A computer think for itself it must be told what to do A can t B couldn t C may not D might not 10 Jenny have kept her word I wonder why she changed her mind A must B should C need D would 11 We last night but we went to the concert instead A must have studied B might study C should have studied D would study 12 Could I borrow your dictionary Yes of course you A might B will C can D should 13 Tom ought not to me your secret but he meant no harm A have told B tell C be telling D having told 14 If he he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately A was warned would not take B had been warned would not have taken C would be warned had not taken D would have been warned had not taken 15 Peter come with us tonight but he isn t very sure yet A must B may C can D will 16 I told Sally how to get here but perhaps I for her A had to write it out B must have written it out C should have written it out D ought to write it out 17 I didn t see your sister at the meeting If she she would have met my brother A has come B did come C came D had come 18 Shall I tell John about it No you I ve told him already A needn t B wouldn t C mustn t D shouldn t 19 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 20 It s nearly seven o clock Jack be here at any moment A must B need C should D can 21 There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well It a comfortable journey A can t be B shouldn t be C mustn t have been D couldn t have been 22 Johnny you play with the knife you hurt yourself A won t can t B mustn t may C shouldn t must D can t shouldn t 23 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out A had to B would C could D was able to 24 When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12 00 A can B should C might D need 25 I stayed at a hotel while in New York Oh did you You with Barbara A could have stayed B could stay C would stay D must have stayed 26 Will you stay for lunch 精品文档 6欢迎下载 Sorry My brother is coming to see me A I mustn t B I can t C I needn t D I won t 27 Are you coming to Jeff s party I m not sure I go to the concert instead A must B would C should D might 28 Write to me when you get home A I must B I should C I will D I can 29 I was really anxious about you you home without a word A mustn t leave B shouldn t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave 30 Is John coming by train He should but he not He likes driving his car A must B can C need D may 专项练习 二 专项练习 二 1 I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning She at the meeting A mustn t have spoken B shouldn t have spoken C needn t have spoken D couldn t have spoken 2 One ought for what one hasn t done A not to be punished B to not be punished C to not punished D not be punished 3 If you really want yourself to be in good health you must always so much A not be smoking B not have smoked C not to smoke D be not smoking 4 With so much work on hand you to see the game last night A mustn t go B shouldn t go C couldn t have gone D shouldn t have gone 5 Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party They say that it better organized A had been B had to be C must have been D could have been 6 I m surprised that he in the exam A should fail B would have failed C may have failed D should have failed 7 The little girl there alone A not dare go B dares not go C dare not go D dare not to go 8 Must we do it now No you A won t B needn t C can t D don t 9 He said he would rather not it right now A doing B to do C do D to be doing 10 You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do A needn t to come B don t need come C don t need coming D needn t come 11 Put on more clothes You be feeling cold with only a shirt on A can B could C would D must 12 I play football than baseball A would rather B had better C like better D prefer 13 I thought you like something to read so I have brought you some books A may B might C could D must 精品文档 7欢迎下载 14 There was plenty of times She A mustn t have hurried B couldn t have hurried C must not hurry D needn t have hurried 15 The plant is dead I it more water A will give B would have given C must give D should have given 16 You return the book now You can keep it till next week if you like A can t B mustn t C needn t D may not 17 It s still early you A mustn t hurry B wouldn t hurry C may not hurry D don t have to hurry 18 Please open the window A can t you B aren t you C do you D will you 19 We for her because she never came A mustn t have waited B shouldn t have waited C mustn t wait D needn t wait 20 May I stop here No you A mustn t B might not C needn t D won t 21 It s a fine day Let s go fishing A won t we B will we C don t we D shall we 22 I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning She at the meeting A mustn t have spoken B shouldn t have spoken C needn t have spoken D couldn t have spoken 23 Please don t make a noise I ll be as quiet as a mouse A Yes I won t B No I won t C No I will D Yes I will 24 The young man has made so much noise that he not have been allowed to attend the concert A could B must C would D should 25 Where is John He in the library A should be B must be C can be D must have been 26 Since the road is wet this morning last night A it must rain B it must be raining C it must have rained D it must have been rain 27 Will your brother stay home tonight I m not quite sure He to the cinema tonight A must go B can go C may go D may be going 28 She s already two hours late What to her A can have happened B may have happened C should have happened D must happen 29 You must be a writer A mustn t you B are you C must you D aren t you 30 I got up early that morning but I so because I had no work to do A mustn t have done B didn t need to do C needn t have done D can t have done 31 He have come here yesterday but he didn t A could B should C ought to D all the above 32 I missed the last bus so I go home on foot A must B have to C may D had to 33 He ought to win the first prize he A oughtn t B shouldn t C mustn t D both A and B 精品文档 8欢迎下载 34 Everyone do his best for the modernizations of our country A can B may C should D might 35 Let s clean our classroom A will you B don t we C shall we D do you 36 Let us play basketball A will you B don t we C shall we D do you 37 He asked me for this book many times Please tell him that he have it tomorrow A must B may C shall D both B and C 38 Your phone number again I quite catch it It s 9568442 A didn t B couldn t C don t D can t 39 Mother us stories when we were children A was used to tell B is used to telling C used to tell D used to telling 40 She would rather more money on books on clothes A cost not B to spare don t C pay than D spend than 专项练习 三 专项练习 三 1 Has Li Lin started He said he would join in the party He He is a man of keeping his word A could have left B must have left C can t come D won t be coming 2 May I park my car here No you No car is allowed to park here A may not B needn t C mustn t D daren t 3 Excuse me could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is It s two blocks straight ahead You miss it A mustn t B can t C needn t D shouldn t 4 I saw Mr Sun at Tongyu Station this morning You He s still on holiday in Hawaii A couldn t have B mustn t have C shouldn t D needn t 5 How about paying a visit to Dr Wang our former Chinese teacher Good idea I will e mail him today so that he know to expect us A shall why B could when C would what D will how 6 Everything has two sides Beautiful songs sometimes be just noise to others A must B may C should D could 7 Someone my umbrella I found it wet yesterday A must be using B must have used C must use D must have been using 8 How dangerous it was Yes but for the passer by s quick action the girl A was drowned B could have been drowned C had drowned D should be drowned 9 You scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you hurt him A should can B may will C mustn t may D can t must 10 Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat She have been there or A must B oughtn t to C may D can t 11 You may laugh but I ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian Oh you be crazy You will be hungry all the time A must B may C will D need 12 What s the matter with you Oh I m not feeling well in the stomach I so much fried fish just now A shouldn t eat B mustn t have eaten C shouldn t have eaten D mustn t eat 13 he have been chosen as captain of the football team Yes he A Can must have B Must must have C Can must D Must must 14 Mr Zhang in Shanghai tomorrow morning A can have arrived B will have arrived C may have arrived D must have arrived 精品文档 9欢迎下载 15 Miss Wang started at 8 o clock and she be there now A should B can C can t D need 16 It must be Mr Li who did it No it be Mr Li A mustn t B wouldn t C can t D may 17 You finish reading the book as soon as possible A may B can C need D should 18 Need you go to work now Yes I A must B need C can D dare 19 Your trousers are dirty them for you A Shall I wash B Will I wash C Am I going to wash D Am I washing 情态动词专项练习与解析一情态动词专项练习与解析一 练习解析 1 C 从原题中 You can keep it till next week if you like 这一信息句可知 你不必现在还 2 D 从原题中 Where is my pen 这一信息句可告诉考生 笔丢了 丢的动作是过去发生的 因此用 must have done 表示对过去事实的肯定猜测 3 C 原题中的 yesterday 这一信息词告诉考生 在 wish 后的宾语从句中 用过去完成时 表示与过去事实相反 的愿望 4 B 从原题中的 I didn t hear the phone 这一信息可以判断出 用 must have done 表示过去事实的准确的 肯定猜测 5 A 从原题中 last Saturday 这一信息词可知 条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时 主句用 would have done 6 A might have 过去分词 在次是虚拟语气 表示 本来可以给你更多的帮助 而事实则是帮助较少 7 C 从原题中的 yesterday 这一信息词暗示考生 该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时 If it had not been for 要不是因为 8 D 原题中的 Without electricity 相当于一个条件句 If there were no electricity 故主句用 human life would be quite difficult today 9 A can 可以表示一种客观上的能力 本句 can t 表示 不能 不会 10 B 从原题总的 I wonder why she changed her mind 我不知道为何他改变了主意了 这句话告诉考生 Janny 没有守诺言 因此 用 should have done 表示 过去本应该做某事 而实际上没有做 11 C 可参看 10 题 意思是 昨晚本应该学习 但是却去听音乐会了 12 C 原题中的 could 不是过去时 而表示一种委婉 客气的礼貌用语 因此用 could 提问时 用 can 回答 同 样用 would might 提问 用 will 和 may 回答 注意 Would you rather do such a thing Yes I would Would you like some tea Yes I would 这两个对话中的 would rather would like 是惯用法 故不能用 will 来回答 因为在这两个句型中 will 不能 去替换 would 13 A 可参看 10 15 题 该句意思是 汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密 但他没有伤害你的意思 ought not to have done shouldn t have done 14 B 从答语中的 Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately 这一信息句可提示考生 条件句应填表 示与过去事实相反的时态 15 B 从原题中的 but he isn t very sure yet 这一信息句可暗示考生 Peter 当晚来的可能性不大 A 是 准来 肯定来 D 是 将要来 16 C 可参看 10 11 13 题 本应该 而事实上没有 17 D 从原题中 I didn t see your sister at the meeting 和后文 she would have met my brother 这两个 信息句可知 if 条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时 可参看 6 7 14 题 18 A 你不必告诉他 因为 I ve told him already 这一信息句已暗示考生了 19 C 当 as if 引导虚拟语气的句子是 如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时 as if 后接一般 过去时 例如 He walked as if he were lame 如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前 则用过去完 精品文档 10欢迎下载 成时 例如 He talked as if he had known the secret 不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时 20 C 只要考生抓住 nearly 一词和后文 at any moment 随时的意思 这两个信息词语 就能很快选出 C 项 表 示逻辑推测 意思是 快七点钟了 杰克一会儿就该到了 21 D 根据句意 是对过去情况的推测 当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车 must 表示对过去的推测只能用于肯 定句 22 B mustn t 表示 禁止 may 表示 有可能 句子的意思是 你不可以玩刀 可能会伤你自己 23 D 该题在考考生 could 与 was able to 之间的区别 Was able to 表示在困难的情况下 经过一番周折而 能 并且成功地做了 24 B 该题考查情态动词 should 表推测的用法 Can 和 might 都可以表示可能性 用 might 则语气更加不肯定 Need 表示 需要 必需 Should 可以表示推测 结合实际 合乎逻辑 意为 应当 该 根据第一个说话 者说的 I need them tomorrow afternoon 的语境 可以确定正确答案为 B 25 A 该题在