2012届高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十七）

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列 十七 届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列 十七 重点单词详解重点单词详解 1 1 harmonyharmony n n 协调 和谐协调 和谐 harmonious adj 和谐的 和睦的 一致的 in harmony with 和 一致 和睦 和谐 out of harmony with 和 不一致 不和睦 不和谐 1 The of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture 大海与蓝天之间的和谐构 成了一幅美丽的图画 2 She has a natural sense of 她天生有种和谐感 协调能力 3 There can be no between two selfish people 两个自私的人之间不可能和 谐 4 The tribes there live nature 那儿的部落与自然和睦 相处 5 Your suggestions are not the aims of the project 你的建议与本项目的目标不一致 答案 1 harmony 2 harmony 3 harmony 4 in harmony with 5 in harmony with 1 单项填空 This red tie is not in with your newly bought shirt A need B deed C harmony D fi 答案与解析 C in harmony with 与 和谐相处 与 相配 2 名校押题 I went along thinking of nothing only looking at things around me A in particular B in harmony C in doubt D in brief 答案与解析 A 题意 我行走时没有想什么特别的 只是环顾周围事物 in particular 特别 in harmony 和睦 和谐 in doubt 怀疑 in brief 简而言之 2 2 delaydelay v v it s only the wind 3 They lighted a fire to the wolves 4 They signing the paper 答案 1 scaring away 2 scare 3 scare off 4 scared him into 2 名校押题 When the children heard the story they were half to death A scary frightening B frightening scared C scared scary D frightened frightening 答案与解析 B 考查形容词 第 1 空应该选择修饰事物的形容词 令人害怕的 第 2 空选择形容人的内心感受的形容词 感到害怕的 故选 B 项 4 4 acknowledgeacknowledge vtvt 承认 确认 答谢承认 确认 答谢 acknowledge sb sth to be 承认某人 某物是 acknowledge that 承认 acknowledge sb as 认为 接受某人是 成为 acknowledge doing sth 承认做某事 acknowledge sb 向某人打招呼 问候 acknowledged adj 公认的 用心 爱心 专心 3 acknowledgement n 承认 致谢 答谢 It is universally acknowledged that 是大家公认的 1 They refused to defeat that they were defeated themselves beaten 他们拒不承认失败 2 He the finest poet in that country 他是那个国家公认的最优秀的诗人 3 The candidate waved his hands to of the crowd 候 选人挥手对大众的欢呼表示感谢 4 He the law 他供认违反了法律 答案 1 acknowledge 2 was generally acknowledged to be 3 acknowledge the cheers 4 acknowledged having broken 1 用 acknowledge 的适当形式填空 1 你承认你错了吗 you ve been wrong 2 是她想认你做她的女儿 It is she who wants to as her daughter 3 他承认收过一些可视为贿赂的礼物 He that could be seen as bribes 4 普遍认为他是世界最佳球员 the best player in the world 答案 1 Do you acknowledge that 2 acknowledge you 3 acknowledged receiving gifts 4 He is widely acknowledged to be 2 名校押题 It is universally that Taiwan is a part of China A advised B accused C accessed D acknowledged 答案与解析 D 题意 台湾是中国的一部分 这是大家公认的 advice 建议 accuse 指控 控告 指责 access 接近 使用 acknowledge 承认 公认 5 5 resistresist vt vt 抵抗 忍住抵抗 忍住 resist 多与 cannot couldn t 连用 后跟动词时 常用 resist doing sth 结构 be hard impossible to resist 难以拒绝 resist sb sth 抵抗 抵制某人 某物 can t couldn t resist doing sth 禁不住做某事 resist doing sth 抵制做某事 resistant adj 抵抗的 有抵抗力的 be resistant to 对 有抵抗力 resistance n 抗拒 反对 1 A healthy body can 健康的身体能抵御疾病 2 I could hardly 我忍不住要笑 3 I an ice cream 我一见到冰淇淋就忍不住想吃 4 There has been a lot of this new law 反对这项新法律的人很 多 5 This plant is cold weather 这种作物具有抗寒性 答案 1 resist disease 2 resist laughing 3 can never resist 4 resistance 用心 爱心 专心 4 to 5 resistant to 1 用 resist 的适当形式填空 1 他抵抗不让别人把他带走 He carried off 2 我忍不住看了一眼她的日记 I couldn t a look at her diary 3 人们认为上了年纪的人会抵制变革 It s believed that elderly people are always change 答案 1 resisted being 2 resist having 3 resistant to 2 名校押题 Sometimes we can t being persuaded to buy things that we don t need at all A complain B resist C oppose D object 答案与解析 B 题意 有时候 我们会禁不住被说服去买一些我们根本不需要的东西 object to doing sth 反对做某事 complain 抱怨 oppose 使相对 使对抗 resist 抗拒 反抗 忍耐 忍住 6 6 forbidforbid vtvt forbade forbade forbad forbad forbidden forbidden 禁止 不准 阻止 妨碍禁止 不准 阻止 妨碍 forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth 禁止做某事 forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事 forbid that 禁止 但愿 从句以 God Heaven 为主语 用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 It s forbidden to do sth 做某事是被禁止的 1 The new law in public buildings 新法律禁止在公共场所抽烟 2 Their father there Their father forbade them their going there 他们的父亲禁止他们去那里 3 Her father wine 她父亲不准她喝酒 4 She access the club 人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去 5 God forbids that war 但愿战争不爆发 答案 1 forbids smoking 2 forbade them to go 3 forbade her to drink 4 was forbidden to 5 should break out forbidforbid banban 和和 prohibitprohibit 用法辨析用法辨析 三者都含有 禁止 之意 但意义和用法有一定的区别 forbid 指 命令某人不做某事 禁止 不准 ban vt 语气较重 指权威机关 正式禁止 法律上 禁止 含 严厉谴责 之意 只能 用事物作其宾语 通常搭配形式为 ban from sth doing sth prohibit vt 禁止 不准 forbid by authority 指通过法律 法令 警告等作出 禁止命令的正式规定或规则 通常搭配形式为 prohibit sb from sth doing sth The doctor forbids him to smoke 医生禁止他吸烟 Smoking is banned in school 在学校禁止吸烟 The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark 天黑之后士兵不准离开 营房 1 翻译句子 1 有谁能阻止我们的友谊 用心 爱心 专心 5 2 关于此事 我不许你告诉任何人 3 外国人被禁止进入该国 答案 1 Who can forbid our friendship 2 I forbid you to tell anyone about it 3 Foreigners were forbidden to enter the country 2 名校押题 There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements at inappropriate times and places A being shown B shown C show D to have shown 答案与解析 A 考查 forbid doing sth 的用法 题意 有些国家的法律禁止在不适当 的时间和地点有广告 由于 advertisements 与动词 show 之间为被动关系 故选 A 项 7 7 astonishastonish vt vt 使大为吃惊 使惊异使大为吃惊 使惊异 astonishing adj 令人惊异的 astonished 指 某人 处于惊异 吃惊的状态 常用于 be astonished at sth 对某事感到 吃惊 astonishment n 惊讶 可用 to one s astonishment 表示 使某人吃惊的是 1 The news everyone 这个消息让每一个人都很吃惊 2 It me that no one had thought of it before 让我吃惊的是 之前没有一个 人想到此事 答案 1 astonished 2 astonished 1 完成句子 1 To my she still remembered my birthday 让我吃惊的是 她仍记得我的 生日 2 The news made the world astonished and a great many people expressed their on the Internet 这个令人吃惊的消息让世界震惊 很多人在网上表达了 他们的震惊 答案 1 astonishment 2 astonishing astonishment 2 名校押题 Hearing my words he stared at me But I didn t find what I said A astonishing astonishing B astonishingly astonished C astonishedly astonishing D astonished astonished 答案与解析 C 第 1 空是指人惊讶的状态 使用过去分词转化过来的形容词的副词形 式 第 2 空指 我 不觉得自己说的话 会让人吃惊 应用现在分词 8 8 convinceconvince vtvt 使信服使信服 使明白使明白 convince sb of sth 使 相信 convince sb that 使 相信 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 1 你的论点太薄弱了 说服不了我 Your argument is too weak 2 摆事实 讲道理 才能让人服气 Only by presenting facts and reasoning things out can 用心 爱心 专心 6 答案 1 to convince me 2 we convince people 1 完成句子 1 他想要使他们相信乘飞机旅行的安全 He tried to the safety of traveling by airplane 2 她父母亲无法说服她 让她相信她的决定错了 Her parents that she has made a wrong decision 3 我没能使他相信他的错误 I couldn t his mistake 答案 1 convince them of 2 cannot convince her 3 convince him of 2 名校押题 1 How did you him that he could take part in the game A agree B suggest C convince D demand 答案与解析 C agree 不能接 sb suggest 和 demand 后面的从句不能用 could convince 意为 使 相信 2 It is a fact that scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health A of at B by with C of on D about at 答案与解析 C 考查动词短语的搭配用法 convince sb of sth 使某人相信 为固定搭配 第 2 空考查 effect 与 on 的搭配 所以答案选 C 项 9 9 accomplishaccomplish vt vt 达到达到 目的目的 完成 完成 任务 使命 事业等任务 使命 事业等 accomplished adj 有造诣的 有才艺的 accomplishment n 成就 才艺 1 Mr Thomas was considered a man who would never anything 托马斯先 生被认为是一个永远一事无成的人 2 This task with great effort 这项任务是通过巨大努力才完成的 答案 1 accomplished 2 is accomplished accomplish accomplish finish finish achieveachieve 和和 completecomplete 用法辨析用法辨析 accomplish 指成功地完成预期的目标 任务等 通常接 task aim journey voyage 等名 词 有时还有 达到 效果 之意 finish 多指完成日常事务 强调事情 了结 终止 achieve 指经过努力而 达到目的 取得成就 complete 则强调事物完整地 完成 终结 尤指经历长时间之后 1 完成句子 1 The first part of the plan has been safely 计划的第一部分已顺利完成 2 I don t feel I ve very much today 我觉得我今天没干成多少事 答案 1 accomplished 2 accomplished 2 名校押题 The worker said they wouldn t go back to work until they their purpose A accomplished B completed C concluded D finished 答案与解析 A 考查动词的辨析 此处宾语为 their purpose 只能使用 accomplish 其他词不能与之搭配 accomplish one s purpose 达到目的 实现目的 10 obtain10 obtain vt vt 经过计划 努力等经过计划 努力等 得到 获得 达到得到 获得 达到 用心 爱心 专心 7 obtainable adj 可获得的 可得到的 1 He failed to a scholarship 他没有获得奖学金 2 They a loan from the government 他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款 答案 1 obtain 2 obtained 英语中表达英语中表达 得到得到 概念的动词还有 概念的动词还有 1 get The problem is when to get the money we need 问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱 2 receive You don t have to go to Oxford or Cambridge to receive a good university education 不上牛津剑桥也可获得良好的大学教育 3 gain He has gained rich experience in these years 这些年来 他取得了丰富的经验 4 achieve His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success 他的懒惰使他不可能获 得成功 5 acquire How did he acquire his wealth 他的财富是怎样得来的 1 完成句子 1 He always manages to what he wants 他总是有办法得到他想要的东西 2 Knowledge can be through study 知识可由学习获得 答案 1 obtain 2 obtained 2 名校押题 If you want to know more further information can be from our website A conducted B obtained C devoted D conveyed 答案与解析 B conduct 指导 管理 obtain 得到 获得 devote 献身 致力 专心 convey 传递 表达 B 项符合题意 重点短语详解重点短语详解 1 1 putput onon 穿上 装出 假装 增加 上演 演出穿上 装出 假装 增加 上演 演出 put aside 放在一边 丢弃 保留 储存 put away 把 收起来 放好 储存 备用 put back 放回原处 使后退 put down 放下 记下 镇压 put forward 提出 推举出 put in 放进 插入 进入 put off 推迟 拖延 put out 熄灭 扑灭 put up 举起 抬起 张贴 1 He a thick sweater since it was cold in the morning 早晨很冷 他穿上了一件厚毛衣 2 He a smile which makes other people believe him 他装出一副笑 脸 这使得人们相信他 3 He has during the last two months 他上两个月里体重 增加了 用心 爱心 专心 8 4 They are going to Hamlet 他们将上演 哈姆雷特 答案 1 put on 2 puts on 3 put on weight 4 put on 1 单项填空 Don t that innocent look we know you ate all the biscuits A put off B put on C put away D put out 答案与解析 B 题意 别装出无辜的样子 我们知道你把饼干都吃光了 put on 装 出 假装 符合题意 2 名校押题 My mother opened drawer to the knives and spoons A put away B put up C put on D put together 答案与解析 A put away 放好 收拾起来 put up 举起 搭建 张贴 挂起 put on 穿上 戴上 put together 组装 装配 把 凑合起来 2 2 turnturn sbsb offoff 令某人讨厌 使令某人讨厌 使 失去兴趣失去兴趣 turn on 打开 开启 turn off 关掉 turn down 调小 拒绝 turn to 求助于 turn over 翻转 turn into 变成 turn in 上交 turn back 掉转头 turn out to be 结果是 最终成为 1 Rock music may turn you on but it 摇滚乐可能让你 兴奋 但它却使我失去胃口 2 What you say will if your mouth is full of food 如 果你满嘴含着饭说话是会令人讨厌的 答案 1 turns me off 2 turn others off 1 完成句子 People had been by both candidates in the election 答案 turned off 2 名校押题 She really She s always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her she always makes rude remarks A turns me over B turns me off C turns me down D turns me out 答案与解析 B turn sb over 把某人交给 turn sb off 让某人讨厌 turn sb down 拒绝某人 turn sb out 把某人赶出去 B 项符合语境 3 3 regardlessregardless ofof 不管 不顾不管 不顾 侧重指不计后果和代价侧重指不计后果和代价 regardless of in spite of despite 为介词短语 表示 尽管 不管 之意 其 后跟名词 代词 动名词形式或名词性短语 后不能直接跟从句 但可以接 the fact that although though conj 尽管 虽然 其后接句子 as regards 关于 至于 in regard to of 关于 in this regard 关于此事 用心 爱心 专心 9 with regard to 关于 regarding prep 关于 1 They continued to work it was foggy 虽然有雾 可他们继续工作 2 They continued to work that it was snowing 虽然下着 雪 可他们仍继续工作 3 She is that all consequences 她不 顾一切后果 决心这样做 4 He continued speaking on the matter 他不 顾及我在此事上的情绪而继续往下说 答案 1 although though 2 despite the fact 3 determined to do regardless of 4 regardless of my feelings 1 完成句子 1 The club welcomes all new members 不分年龄 2 They decorated the house 不惜成本 3 不顾危险 he climbed the tower 答案 1 regardless of age 2 regardless of cost 3 Regardless of danger 2 名校押题 The art show was being a failure it was a great success A far from B along with C next to D regardless of 答案与解析 A along with 同 一道 next to 在 近旁 在隔壁 次于 regardless of 忽视 不理睬 far from 距离的远离 远远不 完全不 决不 题意 为 艺术展绝不是一个失败 而是一个巨大的成功 4 4 thanksthanks toto 由于 多亏了由于 多亏了 thanks to 为复合介词 表示原因 意为 由于 多亏 因为 常见的表示原因的词组还有 owing to because of on account of as a result of due to for the reason of accounting for 等 1 your help I finally achieved my goal 多亏了你的帮助 我最终实 现了目标 2 It was his advice that I succeeded 我的成功是多亏了他的建议 答案 1 Thanks to 2 thanks to 1 单项填空 to the man s timely coming the boy was saved A Thanking drown B Thanks drowned C Thanked drowns D Thanks drowning 答案与解析 D 考查 thanks to 和 drown 的用法 thanks to 多亏 由于 为固定 词组 没有 thanking to 和 thanked to 词组 A C 两项可排除 drowned 淹死的 drowning 被淹的 溺水的 故选 D 项 2 名校押题 For example we can take a subway or bus to work driving private cars to reduce greenhouse gas A thanks to B in spite of C instead o D due to 答案与解析 C thank to 和 due to 表示原因 in spite of 尽管 表示让步 instead of 代替 题意 我们可以乘地铁或公交车而不开私家车来减少温室气体 用心 爱心 专心 10 5 5 dodo sbsb goodgood 对对 有益有益 do sb good 表示 对某人有益或有好处 其中的 good 为不可数名词 也可以说成 do good to sb be good to sb 对某人友好 be good for sb 对某人有利 do sb harm do harm to sb 对某人有害 be harmful to sb 对某人有害 do sb a favor do a favor for sb 给某人恩惠 帮助某人 1 Exercise will 运动对你会有好处 2 Eat more fruit it will 多吃水果 这对你有好处 答案 1 do you good 2 do you good 1 完成句子 Do you think these latest change will 你认为最近这 些变化有什么用吗 答案 do any good 2 名校押题 Keep on having exercises every day It will do good you A for B of C on D to 答案与解析 D 考查介词 do sb good do good to sb 对某人有益 6 6 ThatThat soundssounds great great 这听起来好极了 这听起来好极了 系动词的用法整理 sound look smell feel taste adj n 听 看 闻 摸 尝起来 sound like look like smell like feel like taste like 听 看 闻 摸 尝起来 像是 sound as if look as if 听起来 看起来仿佛 仿写 这听起来是一个好主意 答案 That sounds a reasonable idea 1 Your suggestion sensible 你的建议听起来很有道理 2 That a good arrangement 这样的安排听起来不错 3 The picture beautiful 这图画看起来挺美 4 How does it 这味道如何 5 It apple 这吃起来味道像苹果 答案 1 sounds 2 sounds like 3 looks 4 taste 5 tastes like 1 用适当的系动词填空 1 The material very soft 2 The computer mine 3 The bad egg terrible 4 I a bad smell in the room 答案 1 feels 2 looks like 3 smells 4 smelt 2 名校押题 The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise A was felt B is felt C felt D feels 答案与解析 C feel 作系动词后接形容词 表示 感觉起来 不能使用被动语态 用心 爱心 专心 11 由 when I jumped 可知用过去时 7 7 倍数词在比较中的用法 倍数词在比较中的用法 倍数 形容词 副词的比较级 than 倍数 as 形容词 副词 as 倍数 the size length width height thickness of 倍数 more 名词 than 倍数 as many much 名词 其他 as 仿写 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍 答案 Asia is four times as large as Europe 1 This desk is heavier than that one 这张桌子比那张桌子重三 倍 2 This street is the length of that one 这条街道是那条街道四 分之一 3 This great hall is as big as our classroom 这个大厅大小是我 们教室的五倍 4 Peter s jacket looked just the same as Jack s but it cost his 彼特的上衣看上去和杰克的一样 但价格却是杰克的两倍 答案 1 three times 2 one fourth 3 five times 4 twice as much as 1 完成句子 1 At a rough estimate Nigeria is 三倍一样大小 Great Britain 2 I bought 三倍一样多的书 as Tom 3 Xiao Hong s flat is bigger than Xiao Zhang s but costs 百分 之一百二十的钱 答案 1 three times the size of three times as big as 2 three times as many books 3 120 percent as much 2 名校押题 1 Our neighbor has ours A as a big house as B as big a house as C the same big house