中考英语语法考点复习 动词、动词词组 苏教版

用心 爱心 专心 透析中考英语语法动词 动词词组考点透析中考英语语法动词 动词词组考点 语法概说语法概说 动词及动词词组命题趋势与预测动词及动词词组命题趋势与预测 根据对动词和动词词组部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知 今后该部分将是重点考查点 之一 其考查重点为 1 动词和动词词组辨析 2 常用动词于名词 副词 介词构成的短语动词的基本含义和引申义 考点诠释考点诠释 一 一 对表示状态变化的系动词的考查对表示状态变化的系动词的考查 英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get turn turn out 结果是 go come 成为 fall become 等 考例 The number of giant pandas is getting because their living areas are becoming farmlands 年江苏盐城 A less and less B larger and larger C smaller and smaller D fewer and fewer 解析 答案为C 句意为 大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场 本题中四个选项都是 比较级 and 比较级 的结构 表示 越来越 主语为 number 只能和large或small搭配 而结合句意可判断答案为C I am getting each month I can t put on my jeans I m afraid you have to take exercise every day 河南省 A heavy B heavier C the heavier D the heaviest 答案 B 解析 本题考查形容词的比较级 根据句意要用比较级而 heavy 的比较级是 heavier 故选 B 考例 The food in that restaurant delicious but it tastes bad 沈阳市 A looks B feels C becomes D gets 答案 A 解析 从下句 but it tastes bad 但尝起来很差 可推知选 A 那家餐馆的食物看 起来不错 考例 一 What do you think of the music Fred 一 It wonderful 台州市 A smells B looks C tastes D sounds 答案 D 解析 系动词的用法常见的系动词有四个 起来 smell look taste sound 四个 变得 turn grow become get 以及 feel be 等 音乐应该是 听起来 其余三 项不合句意 It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit 一 That s true It tasted 浙江 A good B terrible C well D terribly 答案 B 解析 根据第一个人说 据说没人买那种水果 可知 它尝起来不好吃 taste 是 连系动词 其后接形容词 故选 B 一 Do you know the final of men s singles will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin Yes I felt when I heard the news 黄冈 A exciting excitedB excited excitingC exciting exciting D excited excited 答案 B 解析 当主语是人时 要用 excited 来修饰 用来修饰物时 要用 exciting 故选 B 用心 爱心 专心 Hi mum Have you cooked fish for dinner I can it 河南 A taste B smell C feel D touch 55 答案 B 解析 由句意 妈妈 你做好鱼了吗 故 我能闻到昧了 应选 B 考例 Hi mum Have you cooked fish for dinner I can it 河南省 A taste B smell C feel D touch 答案 B 解析 本题考查词义辨析 因为是问妈妈是否做了鱼 如果看到 尝到鱼了 就 不会这么怀疑了 smell 是闻到的意思 二 对表示状态存在的系动词的考查二 对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常见的有 be seem appear look feel smell sound keep taste remain prove stay lie 处于 某种状态 stand 处于某种状态 等 考例 Carl felt because he won the first prize in the school singing competition 安徽 省 A interested B proud C angry D worried 答案 B 解析 考查形容词词义 根据句意 获奖是值得高兴 自豪的事情 应选 proud 三 对动词的考查三 对动词的考查 考例 After they passed their exams they by having a party 沈阳市 A succeeded B celebrated C prepared D received 答案 B 解析 由于通过了考试 所以他们通过聚会的方式来庆祝 celebrate 庆祝 I am sure that he is a lie 广东省 A saying B talking C speaking D telling 答案 D 解析 本题考查四个 说 动词的区别 say 强调说话的内容 talk 为不及物动词 意为 交谈 speak 后接某种语言时为及物动词 作 说话 发言 讲时为不及物动词 tell 为及物动词 当 告诉 讲 说 等 经常和 story lie 等连用 构成 讲故事 说 谎 等短语 故本题选 D How long does it you to wash all the dishes 成都市 A take B use C spend 答案 A 解析 本题考查词义辨析 干某事用了某人多少时间 用 spend 或 take 而 spend 主语必须是人根据 it takes sb some time to do sth 结构可知应选 A I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday When I at the hotel it was very late 太原市 A got B reached C arrived 答案 C 解析 本题考查三个 到达 的用法 get 后接地点名词时要加介词 to reach 是 及物动词 其后可以直接跟地点名词 arrive 是不及物动词 后接地点是 小地方 时可 与 at 连用 后接地点是 大地方 时可与介词 in 连用 此题空格后有介词 at 故应该选 C I am greatly interested in this painting Something in it the painter s deep love for nature 河南省 A expresses B discusses C expects D imagines 答案 A 解析 本题考查词义辨析 express 有 表达 的意思 符合本题的要求 In the 49 world Table Tennis Championship 锦标赛 Wang Liqin Ma Linand the champion 冠军 of the Men s Singles 芜湖市 A beat beat B won won C beat won D won beat 用心 爱心 专心 答案 C 解析 考查易混词的辨析 动词 beat 后跟人或球队等 而 win 后则跟比赛 奖项 等 9 一 why do Chinese people like red Because they think it can them good luck 浙江省 A carry B bring C make D take 答案 B 解析 考查 carry take 与 bring 的区别 carry 搬 携带 bring 带来 make 制作 使 take 带走 由句意 因为他们认为它能给他们带来幸运 故选 bring 四 四 对动词词组的考查对动词词组的考查 动词短语是高考考查的一个热点 几乎每套题中都要设置 2 3 个考查动词短语的 从 题设上看 主要有以下几种形式 1 不同的动词 后面加上相同的小品词 使用频率较高的这类动词有 call cut come go get look put set turn take pay pick make 等 常见的介词 或副词有 in off out up away for on over 等 1 动词 away 构成的短语有 throw away 扔掉 put away 把 收拾好 give away 捐赠 分发 carry away 运走 run away 潜逃 跑开 go away 走开等 考例 2 动词 for 构成的短语有 answer for 负责 provide for 供养 call for 提倡 要求 plan for 打算 为 计划 hope for 希望 期待 ask for 请求 寻找 需要 send for 派人去请 go for 努力获取 pay for 偿还 赔偿 wait for 等待 look for 寻找等 考例 3 动词 on 构成的短语有 Try on 试穿 试验 put on 穿上 上演 have on 穿着 戴着 pull on 穿 戴 hold on 不 挂断 停止 carry on 继续开展 坚持 keep on 继续 go on 继续 get on 上 车 船 come on 赶快等 考例 4 动词 over 构成的短语有 come over 过来 hand over 移交 go over 仔细检查 复习 get over 克服 恢复 look over 检查 think over 仔细考虑 take over 接受 接管 turn over 翻转等 考例 5 动词 up 构成的短语有 bring up 抚育 培养 call up 召唤 打电话给 come up 走进 上来 cut up 切碎 fix up 修理 give up 放弃 go up 上升 增长 grow up 长大 look up 尊敬 向上看 查寻 make up 虚构 弥补 组成 put up 举起 搭建 pick up 捡起 开车 接某人 偶然得到 set up 建立 创 纪录 send up 发射 show up 揭露 露面 turn up 出现 把 调高一点 take up 占据 开始从事等 考例 She has to some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them 太 原市 A give up B look up C pick up 答案 A 解析 本题主要考查动词短语的用法 A 项是 放弃 B 项是 抬头看 查询 C 项是 捡起 根据后句意思 她没有时间花费在他们身上 推知空格处应选择 放弃 用心 爱心 专心 临沂 More and more foreigners want to their companies in China A open up B look up C clean up D pick up 52 答案 A 解析 open up 意为 成立 look up 意为 查找 cleanup 意为 打扫于净 pick up 意为 捡起 用 open up 最合适 故选 A 6 动词 out 构成的短语有 go out 出去 熄灭 look out 留神 当心 walk out 走出 set out 出发 开始 put out 扑灭 生产 give out 发出 发表 hand out 分发 pick out 挑选 find out 找出 发现 speak out 大声地说出 turn out 生产 打扫 get out 出去 离开 work out 计算出 解决 锻炼 carry out 实现 执行 bring out 出版 start out 出发 动身等 2 同一个动词 后面加上不同的小品词 同一个动词 后面加上不同的小品词 即介词或副词即介词或副词 常见的这些动词有 break die call cut come get go look put set turn take pay pick make 等 1 break 介词 副词的短语有 break down 击败 摧毁 发生故障 身体 垮掉 break out 爆发 break through 突破 突围 break off 中断 突然停止 break up 打碎 分解 驱散 break in 打断 break into 破门而人 break away 突然离开 逃脱 脱离等 2 bring 介词的短语有 bring about 使发生 bring back 拿回来 使恢复 bring down 打倒 降低 bring in 引进 bring out 出版 生产 bring up 培养 养育 bring over 使相信 征服等 3 call 介词 副词的短语有 call after 以 的名字命名 call back 叫回 召回 使回忆起 call up 征召入伍 给某人打 电话 使想起 call on 号召 拜访某人 call in 召集 call off 取消等 4 come 介词 副词的短语有 come in 进来 come from 来自于 come about 产生 come over 过来 come out 出来 出现 come by 从旁经过 come up 上来 走进 come across 偶遇 come along 发生 进步 come after 跟着 来 come back 回来 come around 恢复知觉 回来 come down 下来 倒塌等 考例 5 cut 介词的短语有 cut in 插嘴 插入 cut across 抄近路 cut back 减少 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut away 砍掉 cut down 砍倒 削减等等 cut out 切掉 裁剪出 停止 cut throug 通过 穿 过等 考例 6 get 介词 副词的短语有 get about 传播 走动 get through 到达 做完 通过 度过 打通 电话 get in 进入 陷 入 get on 上车 进展 融洽相处 get off 下车 下来 get across 通过 被理解 get along 进展 融洽相处 get away 离开 脱身等 考例 Don t while the bus is moving or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside 07 南通市 A get on B get up C get off D get in 用心 爱心 专心 答案 C 解析 句中提到了 bus 上车是 get on 下车是 get off 确定答案在 A 与 C 中 再由后面的 someone outside 外面的人 可知 这儿说的是下车 Wake up Nick It s time to or you ll be late for school 温州 A get up B get backC get away D get off 答案 A 解析 本题考查动词短语的用法 由题意 到了起床的时间了 尼克 否则你会 迟到 故选 A 7 give 介词 副词的短语有 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 投降 give away 赠送 捐赠 泄漏 give over 移交 交出 give off 放出 发出 排出 give out 分发 散发 放出 光 热 give back 归还等 考例 8 go 介词 副词的短语有 go ahead 着手 开始 做 进行 go along 进展 前进 go around 到处走动 顺便访问 go away 离去 走开 go beyond 超过 go by 过去 流逝 go down 下降 go up 上升 go for 喜欢 go off 离开 停止 go over 复习 温习 go through 经历 穿过等 考例 9 1ook 介词 副词的短语有 look after 照顾 照料 look away 把目光移开 1ook around 环顾 look at 看 look down 朝 下看 look for 寻找 look into 调查 look out 当心 look through 浏览 检查 等 考例 Excuse me Mr Li I don t know the meaning of the whole sentence What shall I do 成都市 You d better first the new words A look for B look up C look through 答案 B 解析 本题考查词义辨析 此处 look up 意为 查阅 词典等 look for 寻找 look through 浏览 Kate didn t go to the movie last night because she had to her sick dog at home 陕西省 A look at B look up C look for D look after 答案 D 解析 考查词组的的含义 四个选项中 A 项表示 看 B 项表示 仰视 或 查找 C 项表示 寻找 而根据句意 只有 D 项 照看 符合题意 10 take 介词 副词的短语有 The plane at three o clock in the afternoon 广东省 A takes off B takes away C takes out D takes down 答案 A 解析 本题考查四个动词短语的区别 题意为 飞机在下午三点钟起飞 故应 选 A take off 是同定搭配 意为 脱下 起飞 等 而 take away 是 带走 拿走 的意 思 take out 意为 取出 拿出 take down 是 写下 记下 之意 11 turn 介词 副词的短有 turn about round 使 向后转 回头 转身 turn against 使 反对 某人 turn away 转过脸 去 拒绝 turn back 往回走 turn down 调低 关小 拒绝 turn in 上缴 上交 turn into 使 变成 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 rum out 熄灭 生产 turn to 求助于 转向 turn up 调高 到达 出现等 考例 11 put 介词 副词的短语有 用心 爱心 专心 put aside 把 放在一边 积蓄 put back 把 放回原处 put down 放下 镇压 put forward 提出 建议 put in 放进 put off 迟 拖延 put on 穿上 戴上 增加 上演 put out 生产出 出版 put up 举起 张贴等 考例 After eight hours hard work the firemen finally the forest fire 07 连云港市 A put away B put out C put down D put in 答案 B 解析 本题考查词义辨析 put away 收起来放好 put out 熄灭 put down 放下 put in 放进去 宾语为 森林大火 所以用 put out 12 be get become 过去分词 形容词 介词的短语有 be dressed in 穿着 be fond of 爱好 喜爱 be lost in 沉溺于 be located in 位于 be addicted to 沉溺于 be used to 习惯于 be curious about 对 好奇 be engaged in 忙 于 be glad to 乐意 be convinced of 确信 认识到 be aware of 意识到 be worried about 担心等 考例 13 动词 副词 介词的短语有 add up to 合计达 break away from 从 脱离开 come up with 想出 catch up with 赶 上 get down to 开始认真地做某事 go in for 参加 追求 keep away from 远离 keep up with 跟上 date back to 追溯到 put up with 忍受 容忍 run out of 用完 watch out for 当心 look down upon 瞧不起 go ahead with 开始 着手 go along with 一起去 同意 hold on to 坚持等 考例 Though their parents work in faraway cities to make money those stay home children can themselves 台州市 A look out of B come up with C take care of D catch up with 答案 C 解析 本题考查词义辨析 look out of 向外看 come up with 想出 take care of 照 顾 catch up with 赶上 句意为 虽然他们的父母在遥远的城市里工作赚钱 但那些留守的 孩子能照顾好自己 Do you have this kind of MP4 Sorry we yesterday You can come next week 南宁市 A wrote them down B tried them on C took them off D sold them out 答案 D 解析 从问句可知是买 MP4 所以答语为 对不起 昨天卖完了 Write down 写下来 try on 试穿 take off 脱下 sell out 卖完 只有 D 项符合题意 3 动词不同 小品词也不同 动词不同 小品词也不同 考例 Don t people in trouble Try to help them 吉林省 A hear from B go over C laugh at D took like 答案 C 解析 联系上下句 不要嘲笑在麻烦中的人 要努力去帮助他们 laugh at 嘲笑 故选 C 14 Tom it s cold outside your coat when you go out OK Morn 安徽省 A Take off B Take away C Put away D Put on 答案 D 解析 本题考查词义辨析 因为外面冷 所以出去的时候要 穿上 外衣 用心 爱心 专心 My parents and I like to outside after dinner It is really relaxing 太原市 A run off B hang out C dress up 答案 B 解析 本题主要考查动词短语的意思 A 项 run off 意为 逃跑 流掉 B 项 hang out 意为 闲逛 C 项 dress up 意为 盛装打扮 根据后句 It is really relaxing 推 知空格处应填 hang out Lots of people in our city the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses 河南省 A agree with B worry about C laugh at D care for 答案 D 解析 本题考查词义辨析 由句中的 offer their seats to the old 0n bus 和现实生活 中就知道是 关心 爱护 They are going to a hospital to help poor people 07 南充市 A write down B hand out C set up 答案 C 解析 本题考查词义辨析 只有 set up 建立 能与宾语 a hospital 搭配 write down 写下 和 hand out 分发 都不合适 The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese It s fun to them 昆 明市 A join B join in C take part in D enter 答案 A 解析 本题考查了四个动词 组 的辨析 动词 join 多指加入某一组织 join in 参 加某个活动 take part in 指参加某一活动 并在其中发挥作用 enter 指进入某一地方或领 域 由句意可知 这儿指加入到某一行列中 所以正确答案为 A 项 语法回顾语法回顾 1 短语动词的分类短语动词的分类ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom 1 动词动词 介词介词 常见的有 look for look after ask for laugh at hear of 等 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介 词后 如 We often listen to the radio 我们坚持听收音机 Look at the picture 请看这幅画 She looks after our children 她照料我们的孩子 2 动词动词 副词副词 常见的有 give up pick up think over find out hand in 等 这类短语动词的宾语如果是名 词 既可放在副词前边 又可放在副词后边 宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词 则要放 在副词前边 如 He always get up early 他总是起得很早 Don t forget to put on your coat 不要忘记穿上大衣 Please wake me up at five 请在五点钟叫醒我 3 动词动词 副词副词 介词介词ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom 常见的有 go on with catch up with 等 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边 如 A doctor came up to me 医生走到我跟前 We must go on with the experiment 我们必须继续实验 4 动词动词 名词名词 介词介词 常见的有 take care of make use of pay attention to make fun of 等 这类短语动词的宾语 只能放在介词后边 如 ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom 用心 爱心 专心 Pay attention to the teacher s teaching Don t talk to each other 注意听老师讲课 不要交谈 Her job is taking care of the patients 她的任务是照顾病人 5 动词动词 形容词形容词 常见的有 leave open set free cut open 等 这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词 则宾语可放 在形容词的前边 也可放在后边 宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词 则必须放在形容词 前边 如 The prisoners were set free 犯人获释了 He cut it open 他把它割开了 6 动词动词 形容词形容词 介词介词ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom Be used to习惯于 be afraid of害怕 be different from不同于 be fond of喜欢 be angry with 生气 He wasn t used to hard work 他不习惯艰苦的工作 What are you afraid of 你怕什么 American football is different from the ordinary football 美国足球不同于一般足球 6 动词动词 名词名词 常见的有 take place make friends 等 这类短语动词用作不及物动词 如 The May 4th Movement took place in 1919 五四运动发生于一九一九年 I make friends with a lot of people 我和许多人交朋友 2 短语动词的辨析短语动词的辨析ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom 1 be made in 在 生产或制造 be made of 由 组成或构成 2 come down 下来 落 come along 来 随同 come to oneself 苏醒 come true 实现 come out 花开 发芽 出现 出来 come over 过来 顺便来访 come in 进来 come on 来吧 跟着来 赶快 come up with 找到 提出 3 do one s best 尽最大努力 do well in 在 干得好 do one s homework 做作业 do some reading 阅读 4 fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落在 后面 fall off 从 掉下 fall down 到下 跌 倒 5 get down 下来 落下 get on 上车 get to 到达 get up 起床 get back 回来 取回 get off 下来 get on well with 与 相处融洽 get married 结婚 get together 相聚 6 give up 放弃 give a hand 给与 帮助 give a concert 开音乐会 7 go back 回去 go on 继续 go home 回家 go to bed 睡觉 go over 过一遍 仔细 检查 go out 外出 到外面 go wrong 走错路 go on doing 继续做某事 go shopping 买东西 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go hiking 去徒步旅行 go skating 去滑冰 go straight along 沿着 一直往前走 8 have a look 看一看 have a seat 坐下 have supper 吃晚餐 have a rest 休息 have sports 进行体育活动 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a good time 过得愉快 have a headache 头痛 have a try 尝试 努力 9 look for 寻找 look out 留神 注意 look over 仔细检查 look up 向上看 抬头看 look after 照顾 照看 look at 看 观看 look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来像 10 make friends 交朋友 make phone calls 打电话 make money 赚钱 make the bed 整理床铺 make a noise 吵闹 make a faces 做鬼脸 make one s way to 往 走 去 make room for 给 腾出地方 make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错 误 make up one s mind 下决心 用心 爱心 专心 11 put on 上演 穿上 戴上 put up 挂起 举起 put down 把某物放下来 put away 把某物收起来 put off 推迟 12 take off 脱掉衣服 take photos 照相 take time 花费时间 take out 取出 take a seat 坐下 take an active part in 积极参加 take care of 照顾 照料 注意 take exercise 做运动 take one s place 坐某人的位置 代替某人的职务 take turn 轮流 13 talk about 谈话 交谈 talk with 和 交谈 14 turn on 打开电灯 收音机 煤气 自来水等 turn off 关上电灯 收音机 煤气 自 来水等 turn down 关小 调低 turn over 把 翻过来 15 think of 认为 想起 think about 考虑 语法过关语法过关 ww zk5u ecomww zk5u ecom 1 Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata Yes it really beautiful A feels B sounds C listens D hears 2 Bill might phone while I m out this evening If he could you take a message A does B might C phoned D will 3 Alice we are going to spend our holiday in Canada or if you we can go to China instead A hope B wish C prefer D agree 4 He is so careless that he always his school things at home A forgets B forgot C leaves D left 5 I bought a new dictionary and it me 30 yuan A paid B spent C took D cost 6 I have to go now Please remember to the lights when you leave A turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on 7 all your things Tom I hate them here and there OK Mom Put up B Put on C Put down D Put away 8 How do you go to work every day I on my bicycle A ride B drive C take D walk 9 Oh you painted the walls yourself Yes It was not hard The whole work didn t much A want B cost C spend D pay 10 One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May Right The government spoke that highly for B high of C well of D highly of 11 There is a ticket on the floor is it yours Oh yes it s mine Let me for you to pick up it B to pick it up C pick up it D pick it up 12 May I your Chinese English dictionary Sony I it at home borrow forgot B lend left C lend forgot D borrow left 用心 爱心 专心 13 Your sweater looks nice is it wool Yes and it s Inner Mongolia A made of made by B made of made in C made by made for D made by made from 14 Don t you think you should paint the wall