宾语从句中考考点

宾语从句中考考点宾语从句中考考点 宾语从句是一种名词性从句 在句中作及物动词的宾语 或介词的宾语 或形容词的宾宾语从句是一种名词性从句 在句中作及物动词的宾语 或介词的宾语 或形容词的宾 语 或位于间接宾语之后 宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位 几乎每年的中语 或位于间接宾语之后 宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位 几乎每年的中 考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查 其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面 考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查 其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面 一 考查宾语从句的引导词一 考查宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的连接词分为三类 宾语从句的连接词分为三类 1 1 若由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句 其引导词由若由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句 其引导词由 thatthat 引导 不过引导 不过 thatthat 只起引导作用 无具只起引导作用 无具 体意义 在口语或非正式文体中常省略体意义 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 eg 1 He said that he wanted to stay at home 他说他想呆在家里 2 I am sure that he will succeed 我相信他会成功 2 2 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时 其引导词由当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时 其引导词由 ifif 或或 whetherwhether 引导 意为引导 意为 是否是否 表示 表示 选择 选择 Eg 1 I want to know if whether he lives there 我想知道他是否住那儿 2 He asked me whether if I could help him 他问我是否可帮帮他 whetherwhether 和和 ifif 用法巧计 用法巧计 主从表从同位从 主从表从同位从 ifif 不用不用 whetherwhether 用 用 discussdiscuss 加介后 加介后 whetherwhether 引导宾语从 引导宾语从 不定式 不定式 oror notnot 后面跟 后面跟 whetherwhether 独能显神通 独能显神通 宾从如时否定句 宾从如时否定句 ifif 发挥其功用 发挥其功用 避免歧义要慎重 其他情况可换用 避免歧义要慎重 其他情况可换用 注意 在引导宾语从句时 注意 在引导宾语从句时 ifif 和和 whetherwhether 一般可换用 但在下列几种情况下只用一般可换用 但在下列几种情况下只用 whetherwhether 不用不用 ifif 当当 oror notnot 紧随引导词之后时 紧随引导词之后时 Eg 1 We didn t know whether or not she was ready 我们不知道她是否已经做好准备 当从句用作介词宾语时 当从句用作介词宾语时 Eg 1 I am interested in whether he joined the army 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时 Eg 1 Whether this is true or not I m not sure 这是否真实 我不敢肯定 4 4 在不定式前用在不定式前用 whetherwhether Eg I don t know whether to stay here 不过 不过 ifif 可引导条件状语从句 可引导条件状语从句 whetherwhether 则不可 则不可 3 3 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时 则特殊疑问词便是引导词 如当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时 则特殊疑问词便是引导词 如 whowho whose whose what what which when where why howwhich when where why how 等 等 它们均充当一定成分 一般不可省略 它们均充当一定成分 一般不可省略 Eg 1 Do you know who whom they are waiting for 你知道他们在等谁 2 Can you tell me where the No 3 bus stop is 你能告诉我三路车站在哪儿 3 I don t know why the train is late 我不知道火车为什么晚点了 注意 引导词的选择应依据句子成分及具体语境 注意 引导词的选择应依据句子成分及具体语境 宾语从句的引导词练习题 宾语从句的引导词练习题 1 5 ABACB1 5 ABACB 6 11 CCABAA6 11 CCABAA 1 The teacher asked me I needed any help A whether B that C what 2 Do you still remember he came here Yes I do He came by bus A when B how C what 3 Do you know we will talk about at tomorrow s meeting A what B that C where 4 Could you tell me she is looking for Her cousin Susan A what B whose C who 5 I don t know Tom will go or not A what B whether C how 6 Bob didn t tell the others he found it A what B that if C how 7 Do you know we ll get there at 3 00 this afternoon I m afraid we ll be late A that B how C whether 8 Could you tell me they have done with the rubbish A what B where C how 9 Do you know I could pass the exam Sorry I have no idea A that B whether C what 10 The foreigner asked me I could speak English A if B what C that 11 This is not my watch Do you know it is A whose B which C who 二 考查宾语从句的语序二 考查宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 也无论主从句之间是什么引导词 宾语从句一律用陈述无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 也无论主从句之间是什么引导词 宾语从句一律用陈述 句语序即句语序即 引导词引导词 主语主语 谓语谓语 其他其他 结构 从句中不会出现像结构 从句中不会出现像 do did doesdo did does 这三个无意义这三个无意义 的助动词 常用的出题形式为单项选择题 句型转换题 直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题 的助动词 常用的出题形式为单项选择题 句型转换题 直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题 Eg 1 I think that you will like this school soon 我认为你不久就会喜欢这所学校 2 Can you tell me how I can get to zoo 你能告诉我怎样才能到达动物园好吗 3 Please tell me when we ll have the meeting 请告诉我什么时候开会 宾语从句的语序练习题 宾语从句的语序练习题 1 5 ACCAB1 5 ACCAB 6 11 BAACCC6 11 BAACCC 1 I want to know the day after tomorrow A what he will do B what will he do C what he did 2 The teacher asked Lucy A where does she come from B what did she like best C if she could speak Chinese 3 Could you tell me A when shall we start B who are you waiting for C where the nearest bus stop is 4 Excuse me could you tell me Certainly It s over there along the street on the left A where the People s Park is B where is the People s Park C the People s Park is where 5 By the way do you know the National Spelling Bee No I never heard of it Tell me please A what is it B what it is C it is what 6 He asked his classmate where A does his teacher see the film B his teacher saw the film C did his teacher see the film 7 I want to know A what his name is B what s his name C that his name is 8 Jim doesn t understand A which is the way to the museum B why his wife always go shopping C what is the way to the museum 9 My friend didn t tell me A which room he lived B which room did he live in C which room he lived in 10 He asked his father A where it happens B where did it happen C how it happened 11 Do you know now 一 In the People s Hotel A where is Tom working B where did Tom work C where Tom is working 三三 考查宾语从句的时态考查宾语从句的时态 宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致 规则如下 规则如下 1 1 如果主句是为一般现在时或祈使句 一般将来时或现在完成时 则宾语从句的谓语动词可如果主句是为一般现在时或祈使句 一般将来时或现在完成时 则宾语从句的谓语动词可 根据意义上的需要选用任何一种适当的时态根据意义上的需要选用任何一种适当的时态 即 此时从句的时态就不受主句限制 宾语从即 此时从句的时态就不受主句限制 宾语从 句该用什么时态就用什么时态句该用什么时态就用什么时态 Eg 1 Please tell us where he is 请告诉我们他在哪儿 2 Do you know how Kate came here 你知道凯特怎么来这儿的吗 3 Tell me at what time the ship is leaving 告诉我船什么时候出发 2 2 若主句是一般过去时态若主句是一般过去时态 宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态 如一般过去时 过去进行时 如一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时或过去完成时 过去将来时或过去完成时 即 主过从过即 主过从过 Eg 1 He asked what time it was 他问什么时候了 2 He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet 他告诉我他正在为运动会作准备 3 She asked if you had written to Peter 她问你是否给皮特写过信 4 He said that he would go back to the U S soon 他说他不久就返回美国 3 3 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实 普遍真理 自然现象 名言 警句等 则不管主句是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实 普遍真理 自然现象 名言 警句等 则不管主句是 何种时态 从句常用一般现在时 何种时态 从句常用一般现在时 Eg 1 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year 我们老师说 January 是一年中的第一个月 2 Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun 科学家已证实地球绕着太阳转 4 4 以以 could wouldcould would 等开头的句子 要看成一般现在时等开头的句子 要看成一般现在时 是一种委婉说法是一种委婉说法 不可看成一般过去 不可看成一般过去 时 时 即 情态动词即 情态动词 couldcould wouldwould 用于用于 请求请求 表示委婉 客气的语气时 从句时态不 表示委婉 客气的语气时 从句时态不 受主句的约束 受主句的约束 Eg 1 Could you tell me How can I get to the post office 合并成宾语从句 Could you tell me how I can get to the post offlce 其中 can 不可改为 could 2 Excuse me could you tell me when we will visit the new Olympic Center 宾语从句的时态练习题 宾语从句的时态练习题 1 5 BCBCB1 5 BCBCB 6 10 CCCCA6 10 CCCCA 11 1711 17 CAAACCCCAAACCC 1 Could you please tell me It s next to the post office A where is the supermarket B where the supermarket is C where the supermarket was 2 Do you know this time yesterday A what she is doing B what was she doing C what she was doing 3 Oh this is really a big shop Do you know when it A built B was built C has been built 4 What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting He said that I better A can do B will do C could do 5 Could you let me know yesterday Because the traffic was heavy A why did you come late B why you came late C why you come late 6 The teacher asked me A why do I come late B why I come late C why I came late 7 Could you tell me whom the radio by 一 Sorry I have no idea A invents B invented C was invented 8 I didn t understand so I raised my hand to ask A what my teacher says B what does my teacher say C what my teacher said 9 May I see Mr Li please Well I m afraid he s out at the moment I think he back soon A come B comes C will come 10 We were told that light much faster than sound A travels B traveled C was 11 What did he say He asked me A what is the young man s telephone number B what the young man s telephone number is C what the young man s telephone number was 12 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day A is B was C has been 13 The teacher said that the earth round the sun A goes B go C went 14 We d like to tell you that you the exam A have passed B had passed C pass 15 Could you tell me Yes They to the library A where are the twins have been B where were the twins have been C where the twins are have gone 16 Our father said that he a new computer next week A will buy B have bought C would buy 17 I hear that he to Beijing yesterday A goes B will go C went 四 考察宾语从句人称的变化四 考察宾语从句人称的变化 当把带引号的句子变成宾语从句时 即 把直接引语变间接引语 当把带引号的句子变成宾语从句时 即 把直接引语变间接引语 人称的相应变化是个考 人称的相应变化是个考 查重点 它遵循一个原则 查重点 它遵循一个原则 一随主 二随宾 三不变一随主 二随宾 三不变 具体的讲 即直接引语中的人称在 具体的讲 即直接引语中的人称在 宾语从句中要发生变化 如果是第一人称则要随着主句的主语变 是第二人称就要随着主句宾语从句中要发生变化 如果是第一人称则要随着主句的主语变 是第二人称就要随着主句 的宾语变化 如果是第三人称就不需要变化了 此类题常以句型转换的形式考查 的宾语变化 如果是第三人称就不需要变化了 此类题常以句型转换的形式考查 Eg 1 Do you want to try it Tom s mother asked him 同义句 Tom s mother asked him if he wanted to try it 2 My mother told me He will come to see me 同义句 My mother told me he would come to see her 五五 考查宾语从句与状语从句的辨析 考查考查宾语从句与状语从句的辨析 考查 if whenif when 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句 英语中连词英语中连词 if if whenwhen 具有双重功能 既能引导宾语从句 又能引导状语从句 当具有双重功能 既能引导宾语从句 又能引导状语从句 当 ifif 和和 whenwhen 等用来引导条件状语从句和时间状语从句等用来引导条件状语从句和时间状语从句 主句的谓语动词为一般将来时时主句的谓语动词为一般将来时时 从句中从句中 的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来 当的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来 当 ifif 和和 whenwhen 用来引导宾语从句时用来引导宾语从句时 如果主句是现如果主句是现 在时或将来时在时或将来时 从句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时表示将来 从句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时表示将来 1 1 当当 ifif 引导宾语从句 意为引导宾语从句 意为 是否是否 时 根据时态呼应原则 宾语从句可选用将来时 但 时 根据时态呼应原则 宾语从句可选用将来时 但 当当 ifif 引导条件状语从句 意为引导条件状语从句 意为 如果如果 时 若主句的谓语动词为一般将来时 则 时 若主句的谓语动词为一般将来时 则 ifif 从句从句 的谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间 的谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间 Eg 1 If you ask him he will help you 状语从句 如果你向他请求 他会帮助你 2 My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help 宾语从句 我妻子想知道玛丽是否需要帮忙 2 when2 when 引导宾语从句时 意为引导宾语从句时 意为 什么时候什么时候 由其引导的宾语从句应为陈述语序 由其引导的宾语从句应为陈述语序 whenwhen 引引 导时间状语从句时 意为导时间状语从句时 意为 当当 的时候的时候 从句的谓语动词应该用一般现在时表示将来时 从句的谓语动词应该用一般现在时表示将来时 间 间 Eg 1 I don t know when Mr Green will come back When he comes back you must tell me 上句中的 when 引导的是宾语从句 谓语动词用一般将来时表示将要发生的动 作 下句中的 when 引导的是时间状语从句 谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间 考查考查 if whenif when 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句练习题 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句练习题 1 5 BABAA1 5 BABAA 1 I don t know if his uncle I think he if it doesn t rain A will come comes B will come will come C comes comes 2 I want to know when have a field trip We ll have it when all the work A you will is finish B you will finishes C you will is finished 3 Do you know when Dr White for dinner this evening No but I think he when he is free A will come comes B will come will come C comes comes 4 I don t know if it tomorrow If it I will stay at home A will rain rains B rains will rain C will rain will rain 5 We are not sure if it tomorrow If it our sports meeting will be put off A will rain rains B rains will rain C will rain will rain 六六 考查宾语从句中的考查宾语从句中的 否定转移否定转移 现象现象 在带有宾语从句的复合句中 当宾语从句表示否定的意义时 若主句主语为第一人称在带有宾语从句的复合句中 当宾语从句表示否定的意义时 若主句主语为第一人称 I I 或或 wewe 且谓语动词是且谓语动词是 thinkthink 认为认为 believe believe 相信相信 suppose suppose 假定 猜想假定 猜想 expect expect 期待期待 guess guess 猜想猜想 imagine imagine 想象想象 等等表示心理活动的词表示心理活动的词时 往往把从句中的否定词前移至主句的时 往往把从句中的否定词前移至主句的 谓语部分谓语部分 即否定主句中的动词即否定主句中的动词 这种现象习惯上称为 这种现象习惯上称为 否定转移否定转移 若只满足一个条件变否 若只满足一个条件变否 定看从句 定看从句 Eg I I don t think chicken can swim 2 He said that he would not go shopping 3 Shall we invite our teacher to the party That s a good idea But I think she come A A don tdon t willwill B won t C won t will D do won t 七七 考查考查含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句 1 1 当陈述部分是一个带有当陈述部分是一个带有 thatthat 从句作宾语的复合句从句作宾语的复合句 附加部分应与主句的主语和谓语保持一附加部分应与主句的主语和谓语保持一 致致 Eg 1 She say that you need help doesn t she 2 Tom said that he was late for school didn t he 2 2 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是 think believe think believe supposesuppose 等等 而主句的主语是而主句的主语是 I I 或或 wewe 时时 附加问句应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致附加问句应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致 还要注意从句的否定前移还要注意从句的否定前移 Eg 1 I think you are right aren t you 2 I don t think she can swim can she 3 3 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是 think believe think believe supposesuppose 等等 而主句的主语不是而主句的主语不是 I I 或或 we we 而是其他人而是其他人 称如称如 youyou he he 等时等时 附加问句应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致附加问句应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致 Eg She thought that they would go swimming didn t she 考查考查含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题 1 3 BCA1 3 BCA 宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题 宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句练习题 1 3 BCA1 3 BCA 1 I don t think he is right A isn t he B is he C do I 2 He believes she is right A doesn t he B does he C isn t she 3 I thought that he disliked playing football A didn t he B did he C didn t I 八八 考查宾语从句的简化考查宾语从句的简化 宾语从句在一定条件下可以简化为动词不定式 短语 宾语从句在一定条件下可以简化为动词不定式 短语 疑问词疑问词 不定式不定式 结构 结构 it adj it adj 不定式或复合宾语结构 具体如下 不定式或复合宾语结构 具体如下 1 1 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 hope agree choose wish decide hope agree choose wish decide promisepromise 等 其后跟带等 其后跟带 thatthat 的宾语的宾语 从句 若主从句主语相同时 从句可以简化为动词不定式结构 从句 若主从句主语相同时 从句可以简化为动词不定式结构 eg 1 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon Li Ming hopes to be back very soon 2 We decided that we would help him We decided to help him 3 He decides that he will visit our school He decides to visit our school 4 He decided that he would visit our school He decided to visit our school 2 2 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 know learn forget remember tell know learn forget remember tell decidedecide 等时 其后带有疑问词引等时 其后带有疑问词引 导的宾语从句导的宾语从句 若主从句主语相同 则该从句可简化为若主从句主语相同 则该从句可简化为 疑问词疑问词 不定式不定式 结构结构 eg 1 She has forgotten how she can open the window She has forgotten how to open the 2 I don t know how I can get there I don t know how to get there 3 I don t know what I should do next I don t know what to do next 3 3 当主句谓语动词为当主句谓语动词为 ask ask tell tell show show teachteach 等时 后接双宾语等时 后接双宾语 其后带有疑问词引导的宾其后带有疑问词引导的宾 语从句 语从句 这时如果这时如果从句主语和从句主语和主句的主句的间接宾语一致 宾语从句也可以简化为间接宾语一致 宾语从句也可以简化为 疑问词疑问词 不定不定 式式 结构 结构 eg 1 Could you tell me how I can get to the station Could you tell me how to get to 2 Please tell me where I should show my ticket Please tell me where to show my 4 4 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是 orderorder 命令 命令 requirerequire 需要 等时 如果主句和从句的主语不一 需要 等时 如果主句和从句的主语不一 致 宾语从句可简化为致 宾语从句可简化为 名词 代词 名词 代词 不定式不定式 结构 结构 eg 1 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once The headmaster ordered us to start at once 5 5 当主句谓语动词为感官动词当主句谓语动词为感官动词 see see hear hear watch watch 或动词或动词 findfind 等词时 其后等词时 其后 thatthat 宾语从宾语从 句常简化为句常简化为 感官动词感官动词 find find 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 构 此时的宾语由从句的主语转化而来构 此时的宾语由从句的主语转化而来 而宾语补足语通常是而宾语补足语通常是 1 1 形容词或形容词短语 形容词或形容词短语 2 2 省省 toto 的不定式的不定式 3 3 过去分词或过去分词短语过去分词或过去分词短语 形式形式 4 4 动词的动词的 ing ing 形式形式 eg 1 They found that the box was very heavy They found the box very heavy 2 I heard that she sang some songs in the next room I heard her sing some songs in the next room 3 Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow 4 The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths The teacher found the boy very interested in maths 5 I saw that some children were playing in the park I saw some children playing in the park 6 Can t you see that your father is sitting under the tree Can t you see your father sitting under the tree 7 He felt that his heart was beating fast He felt his heart beating fast 6 6 当宾语从句的形式主语是当宾语从句的形式主语是 it it 真实主语是动词不定时真实主语是动词不定时 宾语从句可简化为宾语从句可简化为 it it 形容词形容词 不定式短语不定式短语 eg 1 I found that it was difficult to learn English well I found it difficult to learn English well 7 7 某些动词后的宾语从句 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化 某些动词后的宾语从句 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化 Eg 1 He insisted that he should go with us He insisted on going with us 8 8 某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语 某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语 eg 1 I ll take back what I said I ll take back my words 我将收回我的话 2 Could you tell us how we can get to the museum Could you tell us the way to the museum 3 The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth 9 9 某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为动名词或动名词短语某些动词后的宾语从句可以简化为动名词或动名词短语 Eg 1 I remember that I have told her the truth I remember telling her the truth 2 I forget I have closed the window I forget closing the window 10 10 动词动词 seemseem 后的宾语从句 可以用不定式 短语 来简化 但句型需要进行适当后的宾语从句 可以用不定式 短语 来简化 但句型需要进行适当 的变化 形式主语的变化 形式主语 itit 通常需用从句主语替换 通常需用从句主语替换 eg 1 It seems that he is ill He seems to be ill 2 It seemed that the boys were going to win The boys seemed to win 宾语从句的简化练习 不改变句义将下列主从复合句改成简单句宾语从句的简化练习 不改变句义将下列主从复合句改成简单句 1 Tom s father saw that he was sitting on some eggs Tom s father saw on some eggs 2 Mrs white told Tom that he couldn t throw paper on the ground Mrs White told Tom paper on the ground 3 Please tell me where we show our tickets Please tell me show our tickets 4 Can you tell me how I can get to the post office Can you tell me the the post office 5 They doesn t know when they are going to repair the watch They doesn t know repair the watch 6 The teacher told the boys what they should do and how they should do it The teacher told the boys do and do it 7 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon Ming very soon 8 It seems that he is ill He ill 9 It seemed that the boys were going to win The boys 10 I remember that I have told her the truth I remember her the truth 11 I forget I have closed the window I forget 12 I wil take back what I said I will take back 13 Could you tell us how we can get to the museum Could you tell us 14 The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born The poor boy doesn t know the time and of his birth 15 He insisted that he should go with us He insisted with us 16 I found that it was difficult to learn English well I found it English well 17 They found that the box was very heavy They found 18 I heard that she sang some songs in the next room I heard some songs in the next room 19 Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow Soon we found with thick snow 20 He felt that his heart was beating fast He felt fast 21 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once The headmaster ordered at once 中考中考宾语宾语从句考点仿真从句考点仿真练习练习 1 The teacher asked me I