2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第一篇女性压力Women Under Stress

CONTENTS 2008 Text 1 While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men according to Dr Yehuda chief psychiatrist at New York s Veteran s Administration Hospital 在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性 但至少在一个方面是领先的 尽管是她们不太 想要的 纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生 Yehuda 博士说道 和男性相比 女性面对压力时 更 容易受到影响 导致抑郁和紧张 sphere sfi n 球 球面 球体 天体 地球仪 范围 vt 包围 使成球体 放入球内 例 Many countries have difficulties in the economic sphere 许多国家在经济方面遇到了 困难 category k tig ri n 种类 类项 例 These Categories recognize different levels of competition 这些类别可被用来分辨出 比赛里不同的等级 susceptible s sept bl a 易受影响的 易感动的 容许 的 例 This agreement is not susceptible to alteration 这一协议不容更改 psychiatrist sai kai trist n 精神病医师 精神病学家 例 The psychiatrist gave testimony that 精神病医生有证言说 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions In several of the studies when stressed out female rats had their ovaries the female reproductive organs removed their chemical responses became equal to those of the males 对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应 导致在同样的条件下 女性产生更多的致病化学物质 在几项研究中 当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢 雌性的生殖器官 被拿掉后 它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了 trigger trig n 触发器 板机 制滑机 vt 触发 发射 引起 vi 松开板柄 例 The odour of food may be a trigger for man s appetite 食物的香味能引起人的食欲 1 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions 译文 对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应 导致在同样的 条件下 女性产生更多的致病化学物质 解析 这句话的主语是 Studies of both animals and humans 是定语 修饰主语 have shown 是谓语 that 后是宾语从句 sex hormones 是宾语从句中的主语 affect 是宾语从句中的谓语 the stress response 是宾语从句中的宾语 causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions 是宾语从句中的状语从句 2 In several of the studies when stressed out female rats had their ovaries the female reproductive organs removed their chemical responses became equal to those of the males 译文 在几项研究中 当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢 雌性的生殖器官 被拿掉后 它们的化学反应变 得和那些雄性的一样了 解析 这句话中 In several of the studies 和 when stressed out female rats had their ovaries the female reproductive organs removed 都是状语从句 their chemical responses 是主语 became 是谓语 在 when 的状语从句中 stressed out female rats 是从句中的主语 had something removed 是谓语 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased opportunities for stress It s not necessarily that women don t cope as well It s just that they have so much more to cope with says Dr Yehuda Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s she observes it s just that they re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner 对于女性来说 除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外 她们产生压力的 机会 也更多 并不是女性 要处理的事情太少 而是她们有更多的事情要处理 Yehuda 博士说道 她们对于压力的承受能力有时候 甚至比男性的还大 她观察到 她们只是需要处理的事情太多 看起来会更容易精疲力尽 capacity k p siti n 容量 能力 才能 资格 例 This room has a seating capacity of 100 people 这个房间可容纳一百人 3 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased opportunities for stress 译文 对于女性来说 除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外 她们产生压力的 机会 也更多 并 不是女性要处理的事情太少 而是她们有更多的事情要处理 解析 这句话中 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals 是状语 add to 的意思是增加 增添 补充 后面的句子没有主语 Adding to 后面接的是名词 表补充 Dr Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations by unfortunately parents or other family members and they tend not to be one shot deals The wear and tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating Yehuda 博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点 我认为 女性通常要做的事是慢性的 重复的 而 男人去战场 承受的是格斗的压力 男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力 女性面对的人与人之间的 暴力是在家庭环境中的 不幸的是 她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题 这 种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的 expose iks p uz vt 使暴露 受到 使曝光 揭露 揭发 例 You shouldn t expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks 你不应该让士兵们冒不必要 的危险 random r nd m n 随意 任意 a 任意的 随便的 胡乱的 随机的 ad 胡乱地 domestic d mestik a 家里的 家庭的 本国的 国内的 驯养的 例 The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies 会议关系到国内外政策 devastating adj 破坏性的 例 A smouldering cigarette can kindle a devastating bushfire 闷燃着的香烟会引起毁灭 性的林区大火 4 The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations by unfortunately parents or other family members and they tend not to be one shot deals 译文 女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的 不幸的是 她们与父母还有其他的家庭成 员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题 解析 这句话中 The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to 是主语 tend 是谓语 unfortunately 是插入语 整个的是 by parents or other family members and 连接 一个句子 所以这句话是一个并列句 Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son but was determined to finish college I struggled a lot to get the college degree I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape to go to school and get ahead and do better Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother It s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager have a job pay the rent pay the car payment and pay the debt I lived from paycheck to paycheck Adeline Alvarez 18 岁结婚并生了个儿子 但她决定完成大学学业 我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学 位 因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折 而这就是我的逃避 去学校 争取上游 做到更好 不久后 她 离了婚变成一个单亲母亲 除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子 还要工作 付房租 养车 还债是最难的事情了 我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单 struggle str gl n 斗争 战斗 挣扎 努力 vi 挣扎斗争 奋斗 例 They stayed awake in their struggle against terrorists 在与反恐怖分子的斗争中他们 始终保持警惕 frustration fr s trei n n 打破 挫折 顿挫 例 actions expressive of frustration 表达受挫的行动 paycheck peit ek n 付薪水的支票 薪津 租金 例 The boss docked his paycheck 20 老板从他的工资中扣去 20 美元 Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations with few breaks and feeling the strain Alvarez s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function 不是每个人经历着和 Alvarez describes 一样的长期的压力 但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责 任 很少得到喘息 从而感到了压力 Alvarez 的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常和正常生理功能 之前解压是非常重要的 obligation bli gei n n 义务 职责 责任 契约 债务 例 He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist 他觉得要优先为他的新闻记者的 工作尽职 5 Alvarez s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function 译文 Alvarez 的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的 解析 这句话中 Alvarez s experience 是主语 demonstrates 是谓语 the importance 是宾 语 of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function 这整个一句话都是修饰宾语 the importance 的 21 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress B Women are still suffering much stress caused by men C Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress 21 参考答案参考答案 A 解析解析 A 从文中 Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men 和 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions 这 2 句话可以看出由于激素荷尔蒙的原因 女性在生理上面对压力时更脆弱 B 文 中没有表明女性受到来自于男性的压力 C 和 D 在前 2 段中没有说明 故选 A 另解 文章第 1 2 段明确表述 妇女在面对压力时 由于性荷尔蒙的差异 会产生更多的 trigger chemicals 而这个是导致她们 develop depression and anxiety disorders 的原因 所以 妇女在 面对压力的时候更加脆弱 选 A 而且 还有个支持力非常强的老鼠实验 去掉母鼠的卵巢 则其 chemical responses 就与公鼠一样了 这说明是生理 或生物 biologically 上的原因 B 根本无从 谈起 与此项沾点边的是第四段的妇女的压力更多源于妇女与其他家庭成员 虽然这里的 其他家庭成员 最有可能的就是她们的老公 men 但原文并未明述 况且这也是第四段了 C 也无从谈起 跟它沾点 边的在第 3 段的这句话 Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s 这个干扰项稍加注意即可排除 D 有一点干扰性 男人与妇女在面对压力时 显示出不同的倾向性 但问题是这个 倾向性 如何理解 如果是天然的特质 也有点符合啊 但这个 inclination 英文的解释 是 A characteristic disposition to do prefer or favor one thing rather than another a propensity 这表明 inclination 是性格方面 而非生理方面的 所以不对 22 Dr Yehuda s research suggests that women A need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress B have limited capacity for tolerating stress C are more capable of avoiding stress D are exposed to more stress 22 参考答案参考答案 D 解析解析 D 首先定位 Dr Yehuada s 在第 3 段中 第一句话 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased opportunities for stress 女性的压力 化学物质增多 她面对压力的机会就会增加 也就是更容易暴露在更多的压力下 A 参考答案中有 chemicals 但是表达的意思是处理压力需要额外的 更多的化学物质 和原文意思不符 B 文中有一 句话 Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s 她们处理压力的能 力也许甚至比男性还大 而参考答案的意思是女性处理压力的能力有限 与原文不符 C 参考答案中是 avoiding stress 而原文中没有提到避免压力 故选 D 另解 A 错 原文是 causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions B 反了 原文是 Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s C 错 原文只是提到她们更有可能面对压力 她们是不是更能避免压力 不得而知啊 D 为正确答案 原文有 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased opportunities for stress 23 According to Paragraph 4 the stress women confront tends to be A domestic and temporary B irregular and violent C durable and frequent D trivial and random 23 参考答案参考答案 C 解析解析 C 先回到原文 第 4 段 The wear and tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating 来自于这些更长关系的磨损甚至可以是灾难性的 长期的 所以是 durable 文中又说 unfortunately parents or other family members and they tend not to be one shot deals 中 they tend not to be one shot deals 说明不是一次两次 而是经常 性的 所以是 frequent A domestic 是对的 文中有提及到 但是不是 temporary 短暂的 而是 长期的 B violent 是男性面对的压力的特点 而不是女性 D random 也是男性面对的压力的特点 而不是女性 故选 C 另解 注意原文 women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature 另外有 and they tend not to be one shot deals 能和这些匹配的 只有 C 24 The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck Line 6 Para 5 shows that A Alvarez cared about nothing but making money B Alvarez s salary barely covered her household expenses C Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs D Alvarez paid practically everything by check 24 参考答案参考答案 B 解析解析 B 第五段最后定位 It s