《物流英语》习题答案

第一单元 物流概述 听力材料 听力材料 Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 Logistics is a hot topic in China and the whole world 2 Logistics is a discipline worthy of attracting the best and the brightest people from all walks of life 3 Our work is mainly to move goods and information at the lowest possible cost 4 Modern logistics is related to the efficient flow of materials and information 5 The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 A The development of logistics can date back to ancient times in China B Really Could you give me an example A Of course In the Three Kingdom Period Zhuge Liang invented wooden horses to transport food for his army B It is so amazing 2 A I m a little nervous about the interview B Please be relaxed You are always very good A Will they recruit 招聘 only male staff B I don t think so Successful organizations are recruiting a variety of people for their logistics management positions because diversity gives them an edge in the highly competitive global marketplace Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard the first letters have been given Many businesses that deal with supply of goods or services have their own logistics department For example a company supplying motor cars around the world will have a logistics team The manager will oversee the process from the point of origin to the point of consumption The team will deal with the acquisition of cars from the customers as well as the delivery of parts and materials from suppliers The suppliers and customers may be located in different countries 课后习题 课后习题 Text 1 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F 1 refers2 control3 inventories4 financial 5 minimum6 combination 7 achieved8 requirements 1 modern logistics 2 containerization techniques 3 raw materials 4 in process inventory 5 finished goods 1 物流涉及订单管理 包装 运输 仓储管理 物料搬运等 2 同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值 3 这种因商品流转过程中而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值 4 物流中经常提到的 分割成小块 就是流通加工中最为常见的形式 5 现代物流中最为重要的是信息技术 Text 2 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 B 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 F 1 movement2 shipped 3 resulted in4 maintained 5 contributes to 6 promote7 Effective 8 globalization 1 logistics system 2 transport modes 3 inventory control 4 customer service 5 carriers 1 物流系统是由运输子系统 仓储子系统 包装子系统等构成 2 采购是指从供应商那里实际购买材料或服务以及与此购买过程相关的 各项活动 3 运输是指货物从一个点到另一个点的物理移动 4 包装可分为工业包装和消费包装两大类 5 没有可靠的物流信息系统 企业可能会错过市场机会 写作范文 写作范文 The Roles of Logistics in Companies To a company logistics activities may happen either internally or externally covering the goods and information flow from original suppliers to end consumers Therefore logistics is critical to the success of every company Logistics is now recognized as a strategic tool for creating customer value and loyalty Companies like Wal Mart Coca Cola and Nike attribute a great deal of their success to their global logistics systems They realize that integrating activities within the companies and across the logistics pipeline building strong relationships with product suppliers and working with customer focused logistics service providers are all critical to building a competitive advantage through logistics In addition the scope of opportunities for logistics professionals is expanding Logistics managers are involved in boundary and organization spanning teams strategic planning and a host of other activities that directly impact the success of their companies worldwide Because these roles of logistics are expanding a career in logistics management can lead in many directions including to the top of the company 第二单元 运输 听力材料 听力材料 Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 The transport company has more than 500 dedicated employees and its business spreads all over South China 2 Customers can track all the transport conditions on line and ensure the safety of the goods at any time 3 Transport by sea is the most important mode of transportation in the world today 4 Road transport systems have high maintenance costs both for the vehicles and infrastructures 5 Usually it is cheaper to have the goods sent by sea than by railway Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 A Could you tell me how many categories transport can be divided B I think it can be divided into five A What are they B They are road transport rail transport water transport air transport and pipeline transport A What is river transport B It belongs to water transport 2 A Hi shall we have a talk about the transportation of the goods today B Sure What is your preference for the transportation modes A How about highway transport B It sounds acceptable but I think it is cheaper to ship the goods since time is not a critical factor Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard the first letters have been given Generally speaking containerization originated from the United States and well organized in 1960s developed in Japan in 1970s boomed its development in South Korea in 1980s and later boomed in China in 1990s This system of transportation implies moving of commodities in unit loads as opposed to the conventional individual packaging or break bulk cargo Most containers are constructed of steel because this metal is durable and strong But other materials have also been utilized including aluminum plywood plastics and laminated wood 课后习题 课后习题 Text 1 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 D 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F 1 physical2 represents3 aspects4 infrastructure 5 vehicles 6 defined7 broadly 8 interactions 1 transportation mode 2 road transport 3 maritime transport 4 electrical components 5 fixed costs 1 运输方式是运输系统的重要组成部分 2 公路运输事实上能向发货人提供比其他运输方式更为灵活和多样化的 服务 3 铁路为大宗货物的长距离运输提供经济的运输服务 4 航空运输和海洋运输相互竞争 但是海洋运输的高成本和有限的承载 能力使得很多货物不能通过这种途径运输 5 大批量的货物在没有其他适用的运输方式时 管道可以提供有效的运 输服务 Text 2 1 D2 C3 C4 A5 D 1 T2 F3 T4 T5 F 1 combination2 ensure3 weights4 reliability 5 vary6 destination7 properties8 described 1 transport capacity 2 transport cost 3 variety of goods 4 freight affordability 5 physical properties 1 安全性是选择运输方式的首要条件 2 企业在选择运输方式时 必须密切关注运输成本与其他相关成本之间 的关系 3 运输方式是指为完成客货运输而采取的运输手段 4 企业有必要对各种运输工具所需要的运输时间进行研究和分析 然后 选择合适的运输方式 5 模式竞争可能会受到公共政策的影响 政策会决定一种模式可以优于 其他模式 写作范文 写作范文 The Importance of an Effective Transportation System Transportation system has an impact on the economy as whole as well as on individual companies Its management is currently described as a source for a company to gain competition over other companies Firstly an effective transportation system can help companies to reduce costs Cost is the first ground on which companies can gain competitive edge over their rivals Here what we are referring is not production cost but landed cost which is mainly composed of production cost and logistics cost Secondly with the development in the transportation system the landed costs for products in distant markets can be competitive with other products selling in the same markets In addition to direct competition high quality transportation also encourages an indirect form of competition by making goods available to the market Transportation management has become a competitive edge for companies so it is necessary to establish an effective transportation system 第三单元 仓储管理和库存控制 听力材料 听力材料 Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 Warehousing is not a new concept but it has gained new functions in modern logistics 2 Warehousing management is a critical factor for companies to remain competency 3 Warehousing has three basic functions movement storage and information transfer 4 Inventory control otherwise known as stock control is used to show how much inventory you have at any one time and how you keep track of it 5 Inventories are vital to a company to help it function smoothly Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 A Why are public warehouses so popular with manufacturers and retailers B It is because a public warehouse can achieve scale economy by consolidating 联合 巩固 the goods owned by different public warehouse customers A How about contract warehouses B The main advantages of contract warehouses are the service relationship tailored service and shared risk 2 A Have you got any raincoats in stock B Yes But in fact there is not much stock left because of the continual raining weather A Can I reserve all the stock B Yes of course When shall we deliver the goods to you A What about tomorrow morning B No problem Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard the first letters have been given A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods Warehouses are used by manufacturers importers exporters wholesalers transport businesses customs etc They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns They come equipped with loading docks to load and unload trucks or sometimes are loaded directly from railways airports or seaports They also often have cranes 起重机 and forklifts 铲车 叉车 for moving goods which are usually placed on International Standards Organization ISO standard pallets 课后习题 课后习题 Text 1 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 T 1 warehousing2 storage3 handle4 WMS 5 facility6 unique7 primary8 employ 1 warehousing management 2 private warehouse 3 public warehouse 4 bonded warehouse 5 picking 1 仓储管理中最重要的设施是仓库 2 从广义上讲 仓储就是保护 管理 储藏物品 3 使用公共仓库具有更强的灵活性 因为使用者不需要投入资本金 4 我们需要定期检查产品和设备 维护仓库清洁 安全 规范各项运作 并汇总信息 5 很多企业愿意选择合同仓储的形式 因为让专业机构管理仓储的业务 他们就可以专注于发展自己的核心竞争力 Text 2 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 1 allows2 designed3 efficiently4 utilize 5 equipment6 decisions7 operations 8 accurate 1 lead time 2 cycle stock 3 safety inventory 4 in transit inventory 5 ABC classification 1 库存是指企业所有物料和资源的储备 2 库存主要分为周转库存 安全库存 在途库存和呆滞库存 3 周转库存是指在订货周期内用于满足正常需求的库存 4 呆滞库存是指那些没有需求 至少在目前没有需求的产品 5 ABC 分析法认为不同的库存对企业的价值是不一样的 因而 不能对 所有的库存用同一种方法进行管理 写作范文 写作范文 Reasons for Holding Inventory The major reasons for keeping inventory are as follow Meet demand For example a retailer must have the products on hand when the customer wants them Hence if a product is not in inventory it can result in loss of sale Keep operations on A manufacturer must have certain purchased items raw materials components or subassemblies in order to manufacture its products Running out of only one item can prevent a manufacturer from completing the production of its finished goods Lead time Lead time is the time between placing a purchase order and actually receiving the goods ordered The supplier may fail to supply the required goods on demand so firms must keep an inventory of the needed goods The longer the lead time the larger quantity of goods firms must carry in inventory Quantity discount Often firms are given a price discount when purchasing large quantities of goods This also frequently results in inventory in excess of what is currently needed to meet demand 第四单元 采购 听力材料 听力材料 Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 Purchasing helps to determine a firm s cost structure 2 Every company whether it is a manufacturer wholesaler or retailer buys materials and supplies from the outside suppliers to support their operation 3 In a traditional adversarial relationship between buyer and seller each party sees himself as being in competition with the other 4 The buyer wants to buy cheap but the seller wants to sell dear Therefore haggling 讨价还价 is a common occurrence 5 If it is necessary we are also in a position to act as your purchasing agent on a commission basis Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 A Madam does the dress fit you B Yes it is perfect A I am glad to hear that Will you take it now B Of course Please wrap it up A Will you pay with credit card or in cash We will give a 5 discount for cash payment B Really Then I will pay in cash 2 A Hello this is Mrs King speaking Who is that B Hello Mrs King This is the Customer Service Center of ABC Company Do you mind making a telephone feedback A No I am glad to B Thank you Mrs King You bought a computer in our store last week Did the distribution center deliver it to you on time A Yes they did B Is the computer functioning well A Yes it is in good working order B It is very nice If you have any problem or if the computer is out of order you can call us anytime A OK Thank you so much Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard the first letters have been given Component purchasing from overseas is receiving an increasing amount of attention as it affects domestic employment and economic structure As stated earlier U S companies using this strategy have been described pejoratively 贬低 地 轻蔑地 as hollow corporations It is argued that U S companies are increasingly adopting a designer role in global competition offering innovations in product design without investing in manufacturing process technology 课后习题 课后习题 Text 1 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 D 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F 1 recognized2 divided3 are inclined to4 latter 5 complicated 6 easier7 instead of8 level9 appointed10 reduced 1 customer service level 2 purchasing strategy 3 supply demand relationship 4 net profit 5 company culture 1 在现代商业中 采购活动扮演着生产前奏的角色 2 采购原材料时 质量控制是极其重要的 3 良好的采购可以提高企业产出的质量 4 企业在作出采购策略之前应考虑一些影响因素 5 全球采购所带来的效益显而易见 不容置疑 Text 2 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 D 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T Column A Column B 1 private businesses 2 technical evaluation 3 commercial evaluation 4 freight costs 5 payment terms potential prior to stringent private representative approach agent formal possible method personal before 1 采购的目标之一是要在尽可能低的库存成本下保持供应的连续性 2 不断变化的环境使得研究供应市场成为必要 3 谈判是采购领域的关键环节 4 采购经理做出采购决策时应考虑到方方面面的因素 5 通常情况下 任何企业的购买合同均是买卖双方经过谈判签订的 写作范文 写作范文 The Strategic Role of Purchasing in Companies Purchasing can make many contributions to the strategic success of the companies through its key role as one of the companies functions Through external contacts with the supply market purchasing can gain important information about new technologies potential new materials or services new sources of supply and change market conditions By communicating these functions purchasing can help companies to take advantages of market opportunities What s more purchasing can help support the companies strategic success by identifying and developing new and existing suppliers Getting suppliers involved early in the development of new products and services can reduce development times The idea of time compression can be very important to the success of companies In one word the strategic role of purchasing is to perform sourcing related activities in a way that supports the overall objectives of the companies 第五单元 包装 听力材料 听力材料 Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 Packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics 2 The design and material of packaging should be capable of meeting certain requirement 3 Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities 4 Owing to improper packaging the goods are terribly damaged 5 Packaging design and material selection must combine to achieve desired level of protection Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard 1 A How are you going to pack these blouses B We use a polythene 聚乙烯材料 wrapper for each blouse for window show A Sounds nice I hope the packaging will be attractive in appearance B I take some packaging samples with me Please have a look and choose the one you re satisfied A This one looks nice and fashionable B It s my favorite 2 A I think we should discuss further about the terms of packaging B What s your proposal A You know the chemical drugs should be protected carefully against moisture So they are not safe enough to be packed in paper cartons B Then what is your suggestion A They should be packed in plastic lined water proof cartons B How about polythene packaging A OK That s great Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard the first letters have been given Whatever mode of transportation is adopted the goods to be transported will require packaging Packaging materials used and the ways goods are packed will to some extent determine whether the goods can reach the destination in sound condition The exporter should attach importance to the packaging of the goods On the part of the seller he should ensure that the packaging can effectively protect the goods from damage and can sustain the long distance of transport For the buyer the punctual arrival of goods in perfect condition is of great importance so he may have specific packaging requirements of which the buyer should inform the exports before shipment 课后习题 课后习题 Text 1 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 T 1 protect2 would3 grouped4 involved 5 symbols6 interests7 consumer8 make 1 sales packaging 2 inner packaging 3 grouped packaging 4 transport packaging 5 outer packaging 1 理想的包装设计对整个物流系统的有效运作非常重要 2 把成组包装从产品上分离也不会影响到产品的性能 3 不良包装可能导致货物洒漏 从而造成严重的货损货差 4 顾客一般通过包装上的彩色图案或标签来识别产品 5 包装设计必须确保货物到达消费者时完好无损 Text 2 1 A 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 D 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 F 1 oldest2 means3 compared4 development 5 made6 popularity7 appearance8 replaced 1 paper products 2 mixed materials 3 negative impact 4 natural environment 5 white pollution 1 了解食品包装中实际运用到的包装材质是很有必要的 2 当其他包装制品在 20 世纪 70 年代得以普及之时 玻璃包装却被储存 起来以备高附加值产品所用 3 纸是最节约资源的包装形式 4 在过去的 170 年里 塑料已成为非常重要的材料并得以广泛发展 5 随着包装工业的发展 食品包装也相应得以提高 写作范文 写作范文 Purpose of Packaging Many items need special protective packaging during moves particularly delicate things like china and electronics Sometimes the packaging can protect goods from harsh environment such as rain or sun sometimes it is needed to separate materials that would contaminate each other such as sugar and petrol sometimes it keeps the contents clean such as foodstuffs and medicines In general the purpose of packaging can be summarized as follows First vibration impact puncture or compr