family unfriendly policies 翻译

You will hear a lot about the American family in the election campaign For most of us that calls up an image of a man and wife and two or three children Forget it Predominant as the social pattern for several hundred years that American family has lost its place Households of unmarried couples and households without children outnumber American family households And only about 20 percent of families fit into the traditional structure with father as the only breadwinner 您将听到了很多关于美国家庭在竞选活动 对于大多数人来说 一说家庭就会想起丈夫 妻子和两个或三个孩子 算了吧 占主导地位的社会模式几百年 即美国家庭已经失去了 它的位置 的未婚夫妇没有孩子的家庭的家庭多于 美国家庭 住户 只有约 20 的家庭融 入传统的结构与父亲的唯一养家糊口的人 Here is what has been happening In the 1950s 80 percent of adults were married today roughly 50 percent are Why Partly because people are delaying marriage with the median age for a first marriage rising by four years for men and about five years for women Second divorce rates have more than doubled since the 1960s as marriage evolved from a sacrament to a contract Third millions more cohabit before marriage Fourth births to unmarried mothers white and black have risen from 5 percent in 1960 to about 35 percent today So the new American family is a household with fewer children with both parents working and with mothers giving birth to their children at an ever older age having fewer children and spacing them further apart 这里发生了什么 在上世纪 50 年代 80 的成年人结婚 今天 大约有 50 是 为 什么呢 部分是因为人们推迟结婚 与年龄中位数第一次婚姻上升了四年的男性和女性五 岁 其次 离婚率增加了一倍以上 从六十年代以来婚姻圣礼的合同 第三 数百万人婚 前同居 第四 未婚母亲生育 白人和黑人 从 1960 年的 5 上涨到今天的大约 35 因 此 新的美国家庭是家庭少生孩子 父母都要上班 和母亲生下他们的孩子在一个年龄较 大 有更少的孩子 和间距进一步拉开 This is not good news Twice as many married people indicate they are very happy as compared with those who aren t married But it is the children who are most affected The stable family of two biological parents surprise surprise turns out to be the ideal vessel for molding character for nurturing for inculcating values and for planning for a child s future By comparison the children of single parents or broken families do worse at school and in their career Marriage or the lack of it is the best single predictor of poverty greater even than race or unemployment 这不是一个好消息 两倍多结婚的人表示他们很高兴与那些没有结婚的人相比 但是谁 的孩子受到的影响最大 稳定的家庭的两个亲生父母的惊喜 惊喜 打开是的理想容器成 型字符 为培育 灌输价值观 并为孩子的未来规划 单一父母或破碎家庭的孩子相比较 而言 做更坏在学校和在其职业生涯 婚姻 或缺乏它 是最好的单一预测的贫穷 甚至 超过种族或失业 The result is a serious new divide in our society between the children of poorer less educated single parents and those of richer better educated and married parents The married parents typically earn more than 75 000 in only 20 percent of cases do married parents with children earn less than 15 000 其结果是一个严重的新的鸿沟 在我们的社会之间的儿童的贫穷 教育程度较低 单 一的父母和那些富裕 更好的教育 和结婚的父母 已婚父母通常赚取超过 75000 美元 在只有 20 的例外已婚有孩子的父母的收入低于 15000 美元 The startling increase of those who grow up with only one parent has markedly added to poverty among children shifting poverty from the old to the young Children in mother only families are more likely than those with two parents to be suspended from school to have emotional problems to become delinquent to suffer from abuse to take drugs and to perform poorly on virtually every measure 令人吃惊的增长只有一个家长长大的显着增加贫困的儿童 从旧到年轻的转移 只有母 亲的家庭更可能比那些父母被学校开除 有情绪问题 拖欠 遭受虐待 吸毒 和几乎每 一项措施上表现不佳 Working moms The culture has also changed Once about 40 percent thought that a wife should help her husband s career rather than have one of her own Now 81 percent think she should have her own career and 70 percent think that both husband and wife should earn money Parental time with children has dropped from about 30 hours a week to around 17 yet 70 percent believe that children are not affected negatively by having a working mother unless they are under school age Moreover the vast majority of working mothers now say that even if the family did not need the income they would continue working 职场妈妈文化也改变了 从前 大约 40 的人认为 妻子应该帮助她丈夫的事业而不是 有她自己的 现在 81 的受访者认为 她应该有她自己的事业 而 70 的人认为 丈夫 和妻子都要赚钱 父母与孩子在一起的时间已经下降到约 30 小时一个星期左右 17 70 的受访者认为 有工作的母亲 孩子是没有负面影响的 除非他们是正在上学的年龄 此 外 绝大多数的现在有工作的母亲说 即使家庭不需要收入 他们会继续工作 So a big question for everyone is how to reform Social Security and welfare so as to nourish marriage and raise the proportion of children who grow up in two parent families We should worry about a welfare system that pays unmarried mothers enough to have their own apartments and has led some to prefer babies to husbands Research indicates that a 10 percent growth in welfare benefits increases by 12 percent the chances that a poor young woman will have a baby out of wedlock before the age of 22 This has been true for both whites and blacks 所以每个人的一个大问题是如何改革社会保障和福利 以滋养婚姻和提高学生的比例的双 亲家庭中长大 我们应该担心的福利制度 未婚母亲支付足以拥有自己的公寓和已经使一些 人更喜欢婴儿的丈夫 研究表明 10 的增长在社会福利方面增加 12 的机率 贫穷的年轻 女子将有一个婴儿非婚生子女 22 岁之前 这是适用于白人和黑人 This is one reason that even after a significant reform of the welfare system the single welfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America s social service programs We must find ways to educate people to understand that it is a good idea to be married before having children Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustain healthy marriages not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth Social service benefits that phase out fairly quickly after marriage for example can actually create a marriage penalty Nor should the tax code penalize couples who marry 这是其中一个原因 即使在一个显著改革福利制度后 单一福利母亲已经成为公众的许 多东西的象征了美国的社会服务项目 我们必须找到方法来教育人们了解这是一个好主意 前结婚生孩子联邦援助应该给予鼓励夫妇形成和维持健康的婚姻 而不是鼓励单身父母和婚 外生育 社会服务效益 很快淘汰结婚之后 例如 可以创建一个婚姻罚款 也不应该税法处 罚而结婚的夫妇 This dramatic shift from traditional to contemporary family structures and values is unlikely to change But the bulk of the nation s most intractable social problems would benefit from tempering that trend by nurturing the American family Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex love and childbearing It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage 这戏剧性的转变 从传统到当代家庭结构和价值观是不可能改变的 但大部分国家的最棘 手的社会问题将有利于从磨砺是趋势所培育的美国家庭 公共政策不应该导致一个菜单的 性 爱和生育 应该强调福利的一揽子交易的婚姻 You will hear a lot about the American family in the election campaign For most of us that calls up an image of a man and wife and two or three children Forget it Predominant as the social pattern for several hundred years that American family has lost its place Households of unmarried couples and households without children outnumber American family households And only about 20 percent of families fit into the traditional structure with father as the only breadwinner Here is what has been happening In the 1950s 80 percent of adults were married today roughly 50 percent are Why Partly because people are delaying marriage with the median age for a first marriage rising by four years for men and about five years for women Second divorce rates have more than doubled since the 1960s as marriage evolved from a sacrament to a contract Third millions more cohabit before marriage Fourth births to unmarried mothers white and black have risen from 5 percent in 1960 to about 35 percent today So the new American family is a household with fewer children with both parents working and with mothers giving birth to their children at an ever older age having fewer children and spacing them further apart This is not good news Twice as many married people indicate they are very happy as compared with those who aren t married But it is the children who are most affected The stable family of two biological parents surprise surprise turns out to be the ideal vessel for molding character for nurturing for inculcating values and for planning for a child s future By comparison the children of single parents or broken families do worse at school and in their career Marriage or the lack of it is the best single predictor of poverty greater even than race or unemployment The result is a serious new divide in our society between the children of poorer less educated single parents and those of richer better educated and married parents The married parents typically earn more than 75 000 in only 20 percent of cases do married parents with children earn less than 15 000 The startling increase of those who grow up with only one parent has markedly added to poverty among children shifting poverty from the old to the young Children in mother only families are more likely than those with two parents to be suspended from school to have emotional problems to become delinquent to suffer from abuse to take drugs and to perform poorly on virtually every measure Working moms The culture has also changed Once about 40 percent thought that a wife should help her husband s career rather than have one of her own Now 81 percent think she should have her own career and 70 percent think that both husband and wife should earn money Parental time with children has dropped from about 30 hours a week to around 17 yet 70 percent believe that children are not affected negatively by having a working mother unless they are under school age Moreover the vast majority of working mothers now say that even if the family did not need the income they would continue working So a big question for everyone is how to reform Social Security and welfare so as to nourish marriage and raise the proportion of children who grow up in two parent families We should worry about a welfare system that pays unmarried mothers enough to have their own apartments and has led some to prefer babies to husbands Research indicates that a 10 percent growth in welfare benefits increases by 12 percent the chances that a poor young woman will have a baby out of wedlock before the age of 22 This h