名词性从句教案.doc

名词性从句包括：主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 The question is who can complete the difficult task. He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is. That she was able to come made us very happy. He objected that it was impossible.一、主语从句 1、 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语 That she was chosen made us very happy. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主语从句中不作任何成分，但放在句首时不能省略。2、问：怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢？答：有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today. 试试看：新产品销售得好不好取决于它的质量和价格。 It作形式主语的几种结构：1、It+ be +形容词+ that从句It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、 It+ be +名词+ that从句It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、 It+动词+宾语+ that从句It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、 It+动词的被动结构+ that从句It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式：1、It turned out that . 结果是2、It has been proved that . 已经证明3、It is well-known that . 众所周知4、It must be pointed out that . 必须指出二、表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语 The reason is that you dont trust her. This is where I disagree. 例：The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why。2、 表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。例如： He looked as if he was going to cry.三、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，宾语从 句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。 She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic. 【注】 有时要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引 导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。 What do you think is going on outside? I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句 时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。 I dont suppose he cares，does he?在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语 从句多用whether。 It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation. 动词doubt如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导，如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用that引导。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位语从句 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. v 引导同位语从句的关联词用that时，不能省略，不能用which替代1.引导词that与what的区别v what从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等) what=all that/everything thatv that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略 What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 2.引导词if和whether的区别v whether或if均可表示“是否”的情况如下： 引导宾语从句。例如：I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.v 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况： 在表语从句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 在同位语从句中。例如： The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. Answer my question whether you are coming. 在主语从句中。例如： Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 如果用it作形式主语，则whether和if都能引导主语从句。例如：It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. 用于句型“名词+as to + whether”中。例如： There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident. 后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 后面紧接or not时。例如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 用if会引起歧义时。例如： Please let me know if you like it. 该句有两个意思 “请告诉我你是否喜欢”或 “如果你喜欢，请告 诉我”用了 whether就可以避免歧义。 3.引导词who与whoever的区别 whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who或those who，它 既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它 引导的从句才是主句的主语。 Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who will be elected president doesnt make much difference to me. 4.引导词what与whatever的区别 whatever引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强 些，有“任何一切”之意。v This is exactly what I want.v It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句本身完整，定语从句不完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 从结构看，同位语从句常由连接词that引导，虽在从句中不充 当任何成分,但不可省略。而定语从句中由关系代词引导，代替先行 词，并在从句中充当成分（主语或宾语），充当宾语时常可省略。 6. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较将 “it is/wasthat”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是强调句,否则是that引导的主语从句 如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.7.whoever与no matter who；whatever与no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语 从句；no matter who和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。 Whatever(No matter what) you may think，Im going ahead with my plans. Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名词性从句中的语气 (1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.that从句中， 从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should 可省略。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. (2)表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句 中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词”，且should 可省略。 Bobs doctor suggests that he(should) rest for a few days. (3)表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，orde